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Background Outpatient cancer counselling centres (OCCC; in German Krebsberatungsstellen [KBS]) offer psychological, social and sociolegal support for people with cancer and their relatives, who are confronted not only with physical but also with psychosocial stress as a result of the disease. Research question How do people become aware of outpatient cancer counselling centres? Methods In a nationwide study, guided qualitative interviews were conducted with people seeking advice (cancer patients and relatives) and referrers (health care providers who refer to OCCC). The interviews with those seeking advice were conducted face-to-face and those with referrers by telephone. The data were analysed using content analysis according to Mayring. Results In all, 43 people seeking advice and 30 referrers were interviewed. A total of 31 h of audio material was recorded. From the respondents' point of view, flyers, information brochures and internet platforms are important sources for making patients and their relatives aware of OCCC. In addition to public relations, the personal approach in the clinical and non-clinical care system and in the social setting is of central importance. Some referrers address OCCC routinely, while others only do so when patients or relatives explicitly express a need for counselling. Conclusions In the medical sector, more attention could and should be drawn to OCCC as a helpful outpatient counselling setting. Closer cooperation between OCCC and general practitioners, oncologists and psycho-oncology services should be sought. Targeted and needs-oriented information can draw attention to the support offered by OCCC and thus improve the care of cancer patients., Hintergrund Ambulante Krebsberatungsstellen (KBS) bieten psychologische, soziale und sozialrechtliche Unterstützung für an Krebs erkrankte Menschen und Angehörige an, die infolge der Erkrankung nicht nur mit körperlichen, sondern auch mit psychosozialen Belastungen konfrontiert werden. Fragestellung Wie werden Menschen auf ambulante Krebsberatungsstellen aufmerksam? Methoden In einer deutschlandweiten Studie wurden leitfadengestützte qualitative Interviews mit Ratsuchenden (Krebspatient/innen und Angehörige) und Zuweisenden (Gesundheitsversorger/innen, die an KBS verweisen) geführt. Die Befragungen der Ratsuchenden erfolgten im persönlichen Gespräch, die der Zuweisenden telefonisch. Ausgewertet wurde inhaltsanalytisch nach Mayring. Ergebnisse Es wurden 43 Ratsuchende und 30 Zuweisende befragt. Insgesamt entstanden 31 h Audiomaterial. Aus Sicht der Befragten sind Flyer, Infobroschüren und Internetplattformen wichtige Quellen, um Patient/innen und deren Angehörige auf KBS aufmerksam zu machen. Neben der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ist die persönliche Ansprache im klinischen wie nicht-klinischen Versorgungssystem und im sozialen Umfeld von zentraler Bedeutung. Manche Zuweisenden sprechen KBS routinemäßig an, andere erst bei explizit von Patient/innen oder Angehörigen geäußertem Beratungsbedarf. Schlussfolgerungen Im medizinischen Sektor könnte und sollte noch mehr auf KBS als hilfreiches ambulantes Beratungssetting hingewiesen werden. Eine engere Zusammenarbeit der KBS mit Hausärzt/innen, Onkolog/innen und psychoonkologischen Diensten ist anzustreben. Gezielte und bedarfsgerechte Informationen können auf das Unterstützungsangebot durch eine KBS hinweisen und so die Versorgung von Krebspatient/innen verbessern.

Aims To provide a quantitative analysis of eHealth-supported interventions on health outcomes in cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) maintenance (phase III) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and to identify effective behavioural change techniques (BCTs). Methods and results A systematic review was conducted (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) to summarize and synthesize the effects of eHealth in phase III maintenance on health outcomes including physical activity (PA) and exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL), mental health, self-efficacy, clinical variables, and events/rehospitalization. A meta-analysis following the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines using Review Manager (RevMan5.4) was performed. Analyses were conducted differentiating between short-term (≤6 months) and medium/long-term effects (>6 months). Effective behavioural change techniques were defined based on the described intervention and coded according to the BCT handbook. Fourteen eligible studies (1497 patients) were included. eHealth significantly promoted PA (SMD = 0.35; 95%CI 0.02–0.70; P = 0.04) and exercise capacity after 6 months (SMD = 0.29; 95%CI 0.05–0.52; P = 0.02) compared with usual care. Quality of life was higher with eHealth compared with care as usual (SMD = 0.17; 95%CI 0.02–0.32; P = 0.02). Systolic blood pressure decreased after 6 months with eHealth compared with care as usual (SMD = −0.20; 95%CI −0.40–0.00; P = 0.046). There was substantial heterogeneity in the adapted BCTs and type of intervention. Mapping of BCTs revealed that self-monitoring of behaviour and/or goal setting as well as feedback on behaviour were most frequently included. Conclusion eHealth in phase III CR is effective in stimulating PA and improving exercise capacity in patients with CAD while increasing QoL and decreasing systolic blood pressure. Currently, data of eHealth effects on morbidity, mortality, and clinical outcomes are scarce and should be investigated in future studies. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42020203578. Lay summary • This paper reviews the impact of eHealth-supported interventions on health outcomes during cardiovascular rehabilitation maintenance phase III for patients with coronary artery disease, with a meta-analysis performed to differentiate between short-term (≤6 months) and medium/long-term effects (>6 months). Key findings • eHealth interventions in cardiovascular rehabilitation maintenance may be used to increase physical activity and exercise capacity as well as quality of life while reducing systolic blood pressure. • Effective behavioural change techniques used in eHealth interventions may include self-monitoring of behaviour, goal setting, and feedback on behaviour; thus, future studies are needed to define effective eHealth components based on behavioural change theories and associated behavioural change techniques to assist patients with coronary artery disease.

The dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton controls many cellular processes and a loss of its plasticity has been linked to accelerated cell ageing. Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that controls actin dynamics and is linked to mitochondrial signalling pathways that control drug resistance and cell death. Here we show that cofilin driven stabilisation of actin dynamics leads to a loss in cell wall integrity, vacuole fragmentation and disruption of lipid homeostasis, lipid droplet accumulation and the promotion of necrosis. Our data suggest that these phenotypes are triggered by the inappropriate activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC) which leads to constitutive MAPK signalling. Cofilin-driven activation of the MAPK Slt2 requires the presence of the voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC), which resides in the mitochondrial outer membrane, referred to as Porin 1 (Por1) in yeast. This provides further evidence for a link between actin regulation and mitochondrial signalling. Porin has recently been implicated in lipid transport and we find that prevention of excessive lipid droplet accumulation, achieved by deleting the LRO1 and DGA1 genes, was sufficient to prevent Slt2 activation and restore cellular homeostasis in actin stabilised cells. These data suggest that the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is essential to maintain the fidelity of MAPK signalling and that this in turn is crucial for the maintenance of lipid homeostasis and cell health in S. cerevisiae. Our data also suggest that chronic actin stabilisation leads to mitochondrial VDAC-dependent Slt2 activation and altered, pro-death, cell fate in yeast cells.

Ziel Ziel der Studie ist es, den spezifischen Versorgungsbeitrag von Krebsberatungsstellen (KBS) sowohl aus Sicht der Ratsuchenden wie aus Sicht der Zuweisenden in den Blick zu nehmen. Methodik Qualitatives Design mittels leitfadengestutzter face-to-face-Interviews mit Krebspatient/innen/Angehorigen und telefonischer Einzelinterviews mit Zuweisenden. Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 43 Ratsuchende und 30 Zuweisende befragt. In Bezug auf die Beratungsinhalte werden die psychoonkologische Begleitung und Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe in Kombination mit einer sozialrechtlichen Aufklarung uber zusatzliche Unterstutzungsleistungen als zentrale Merkmale wahrgenommen. In der Gruppe der Zuweisenden scheint jedoch eine gewisse Unsicherheit daruber zu bestehen, was KBS leisten (konnen). Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf der einen Seite auf einen spezifischen Kern des Angebots von KBS, zugleich auch auf mehrdeutige Wahrnehmungen seitens der Befragten. Sie konnen zur weiteren Profilscharfung der KBS und zur Verdeutlichung ihres Stellenwerts in der Gesundheitsversorgung beitragen.

The widely accepted model of prevention, including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, focuses predominantly on diseases. The WHO provides a comprehensive model of health conceptualized on the basis of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This paper develops a conceptual description of prevention aimed at functioning on the basis of the ICF model. Starting from the ICF-based conceptual descriptions of rehabilitation as a health strategy, a conceptual description of functioning prevention has been developed. Prevention aiming at functioning is the health strategy that applies approaches to avoid or reduce risks of impairing bodily functions and structures, activity limitations and participation restrictions; to strengthen the resources of the person; to optimize capacity and performance; to prevent impairments of bodily functions and structures; to prevent activity limitations and participation restrictions; to reduce contextual risk factors and barriers, including personal and environmental factors; to promote and strengthen contextual facilitators, with the goal of enabling people with impairments and people at risk of disability; and to maintain or improve the level of functioning in interactions with the environment. The proposed concept widens the scope of prevention to all aspects of functioning, including contextual factors.

ZusammenfassungDer Teilhabebegriff ist konstitutiv für die Rehabilitation und Rehabilitationsforschung. Ihre aktuellen Definitionen beziehen sich über das Konzept der Funktionsfähigkeit und Behinderung der WHO auf Teilhabe. Das Rahmenrecht für Rehabilitation in Deutschland, das SGB IX, sowie die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention greifen den Teilhabebegriff explizit auf. Nach einer Charakterisierung der Rehabilitationsforschung thematisiert dieser Beitrag das Spannungsfeld von Selbstbestimmung und gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe, anschließend die gegenwärtige Praxis der Rehabilitationsforschung mit Blick auf partizipative Forschungsansätze und in einem weiteren Abschnitt die Entwicklung von Outcome-Modellen mit explizitem Teilhabebezug.

Soziale Arbeit gilt als ein fester Bestandteil der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Allerdings bestehen bisher unerklärbare Variationen hinsichtlich der Ausgestaltung und Inanspruchnahme ihrer Leistungen sowie Hinweise auf negative Effekte sozialarbeiterischer Leistungen in der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Zudem wurden die theoretischen Grundlagen der Tätigkeiten von Sozialarbeiter*innen in der Rehabilitation bisher nicht ausreichend expliziert. Das in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Forschungsprojekt „Sozialarbeiterische Wirkmechanismen in der medizinischen Rehabilitation“ (SWIMMER) setzt hier an. Nach einer Erläuterung des Settings der medizinischen Rehabilitation, der Rolle der Sozialen Arbeit in diesem und des methodischen Vorgehens wird das Projekt, dessen Ziele die Erklärung der Variationen und die Entwicklung einer Programmtheorie Sozialer Arbeit in der medizinischen Rehabilitation sind, konzeptionell und theoretisch eingeordnet. Bezugspunkte dieser Auseinandersetzung sind das Tripelmandat, die Theorie Sozialer Arbeit als Wissenschaft und Praxis der Erklärung, Lösung und Vorbeugung sozialer Probleme, die Rehabilitationswissenschaften mit einem Fokus auf der Rehabilitation als Gesundheitsstrategie, die Perspektive der Versorgungsforschung und „evidence-based practice“. Darauf aufbauend werden die Vorannahmen des Projekts dargelegt., Social work is an important part of medical rehabilitation; however, there are unexplained variations in the form and utilization of its services. In addition, there are indications of negative effects of social work services in medical rehabilitation and a lack of a theoretical foundation of these services. The research project presented in this article aims to investigate these problems. After an explanation of the setting of medical rehabilitation and the role of social work in this setting, we introduce the project “Causal assumptions about social work services in medical rehabilitation” (“Sozialarbeiterische Wirkmechanismen in der medizinischen Rehabilitation, SWIMMER”). The project aims to explain the mentioned variations and to develop a program theory of social work in medical rehabilitation. The conceptional and theoretical backgrounds and orientation of the project are presented (threefold mandate, social work and social problems, rehabilitation as a health strategy, the perspective of health services research and evidence-based practice). Based on this, first hypotheses are formulated.

The aim of the study is to look at the specific contribution of outpatient cancer counselling centers (OCCC) from the perspective of both the person seeking advice and the referring health care professionals.Qualitative design by means of guideline-based face-to-face interviews with cancer patients/relatives and individual telephone interviews with referring health care professionals.A total of 43 persons seeking advice and 30 referring health care professionals were interviewed. With regard to the contents of counselling, psycho-oncological support and help for self-help in combination with social-legal information about additional support services are perceived as central features. In the group of referring physicians, however, there seems to be some uncertainty about what OCCCs (can) provide.On the one hand, the results point to a specific core of the services offered by OCCCs, and on the other hand to ambiguous perceptions on the part of the respondents. They may contribute to further sharpening the profile of OCCC and to clarifying their place in the health care system.ZIEL: Ziel der Studie ist es, den spezifischen Versorgungsbeitrag von Krebsberatungsstellen (KBS) sowohl aus Sicht der Ratsuchenden wie aus Sicht der Zuweisenden in den Blick zu nehmen.Qualitatives Design mittels leitfadengestützter face-to-face-Interviews mit Krebspatient/innen/Angehörigen und telefonischer Einzelinterviews mit Zuweisenden.Insgesamt wurden 43 Ratsuchende und 30 Zuweisende befragt. In Bezug auf die Beratungsinhalte werden die psychoonkologische Begleitung und Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe in Kombination mit einer sozialrechtlichen Aufklärung über zusätzliche Unterstützungsleistungen als zentrale Merkmale wahrgenommen. In der Gruppe der Zuweisenden scheint jedoch eine gewisse Unsicherheit darüber zu bestehen, was KBS leisten (können).Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf der einen Seite auf einen spezifischen Kern des Angebots von KBS, zugleich auch auf mehrdeutige Wahrnehmungen seitens der Befragten. Sie können zur weiteren Profilschärfung der KBS und zur Verdeutlichung ihres Stellenwerts in der Gesundheitsversorgung beitragen.

Die in die Jahre gekommene Zentralsterilisation auf dem Campus des Universitätsspitals Zürich (USZ) ist seit Juni abgelöst worden von der neuen Aufbereitungseinheit für Medizinprodukte (AEMP) im Logistik- und Servicezentrum in Schlieren – eine der europaweit modernsten Anlagen ihrer Art. Die Autoren berichten von dem Weg dorthin.

Hintergrund und ZielCOVID-19 stellt eine substanzielle Bedrohung der Gesundheit und in der Folge auch der Lebensbedingungen der Menschen weltweit dar. Die Erkrankung entsteht infolge einer Infektion mit dem neuartigen Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Erkenntnisse über molekulare Grundlagen, Pathophysiologie, klinische Charakteristika, Epidemiologie, aber auch Ressourcenbedarf und Outcomes (z. B. Karagiannidis et al. 2020; zur Übersicht s. Website der WHO: https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/) wachsen in beispiellos kurzem Zeitraum weltweit an, auch im Feld der Rehabilitation (vgl. Negrini et al. 2020). Die Erkenntnisse münden in Leitlinien, Policy Briefs oder konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen (vgl. Publikationen des Kompetenznetz Public Health COVID-19, www.public-health-covid19.de).

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag ist die Fortsetzung des – ebenfalls im Rahmen der Arbeitsgruppe Qualitative Methoden des Deutschen Netzwerks Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) e.V. entstandenen – ersten Artikels zu Gruppendiskussionen in der Versorgungsforschung. Beginnend mit theoretischen Überlegungen zum Gruppenbegriff wird spezifisches Wissen über Gruppen im Allgemeinen und das Verhalten einzelner Gruppenmitglieder im Besonderen zugrunde gelegt, welches sich insbesondere für die Gestaltung und Interpretation von Interaktionsprozessen im Gruppenkontext relevant zeigt. Es folgen Abschnitte mit Auseinandersetzungen zur Prozesshaftigkeit von Gruppendiskussionen, zu Moderationsstilen und -techniken sowie Reflexionen über mögliche Analysegegenstände und -verfahren. Dabei wird auch die Darstellung von Ergebnissen und Textpassagen diskutiert, in denen das Interaktionsgefüge mehrerer Diskussionsteilnehmer_innen sichtbar wird. Schließlich werden Einblicke in die Besonderheiten, Potenziale und Herausforderungen der Erhebung über Online-Plattformen gewährt. Zusammen geben beide Artikel einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Aspekte der Anwendung von Gruppendiskussionen im Bereich der Versorgungsforschung.

during its fourth year of existence, cochrane rehabilitation went on to promote evidence-informed health decision-making in rehabilitation. in 2020, the outbreak of the coVid-19 pandemic has made it necessary to alter priorities. in these challenging times, cochrane rehabilitation has firstly changed its internal organisation and established a new relevant project in line with pandemic needs: the REH-COVER (Rehabilitation – coVid-19 evidence-based response) action. the aim was to focus on the timely collection, review and dissemination of summarised and synthesised evidence relating to COVID-19 and rehabilitation. Cochrane Rehabilitation REH-COVER action has included in 2020 five main initiatives: 1) rapid living systematic reviews on rehabilitation and coVid-19; 2) interactive living evidence map on rehabilitation and coVid-19; 3) definition of the research topics on “rehabilitation and COVID-19” in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) rehabilitation programme; 4) Cochrane Library special collection on Coronavirus (COVID-19) rehabilitation; and 5) collaboration with COVID-END for the topics “rehabilitation” and “disability.” Furthermore, we are still carrying on five different special projects: Be4rehab; RCTRACK; definition of rehabilitation for research purposes; ebook project; and a prioritization exercise for Cochrane Reviews production. The Review Working Area continued to identify and “tag” the rehabilitation-relevant reviews published in the cochrane library; the publication Working area went on to publish Cochrane Corners, working more closely with the Cochrane Review Groups (CRGs) and Cochrane Networks, particularly with Cochrane Musculoskeletal, oral, skin and sensory Network; the Education Working area, the most damaged in 2020, tried to continue performing educational activities such as workshops in different online meetings; the Methodology Working area organized the third and fourth cochrane Rehabilitation Methodological (CRM) meetings respectively in Milan and Orlando; the Communication Working Area spread rehabilitation evidences through different channels and translated the contents in different languages.

Purpose: Responding to a recent editorial arguing against defining rehabilitation, we discuss the reasons for developing a classification of rehabilitation for research purposes, its philosophical background and some of the possible risks. Why define: Science requires the definition and classification of phenomena to allow replication of experiments and studies, and to allow interpretation and use of the findings. As understanding increases, the definitions can be refined. Defining rehabilitation does run the risk of excluding some interventions or practices that are either considered rehabilitation (perhaps wrongly) or are rehabilitation interventions; when identified, these errors in definition can be remedied. Defining rehabilitation for research purposes should not inhibit but could (possibly) orient research. Risk of not: Without a definition, rehabilitation will remain in a permanent limbo. Experts will (apparently) know what it is, while others are left guessing or failing to comprehend or recognise it. This uncertainty may reassure some people, because all possible interventions are included; we argue that it downgrades the understanding of our field because interventions that are not rehabilitation are, nonetheless, called rehabilitation. In an era of international collaboration, and of undertaking systematic reviews with metanalysis, we need a shared definition. Conclusion: Terminology is often controversial, but definition enables progress in understanding such that terms themselves can evolve over time.

Neben Interviews erfreuen sich Gruppendiskussionen inzwischen groserer Beliebtheit in den Gesundheitswissenschaften, nicht zuletzt, weil sich die Methode fur gesundheitswissenschaftliche Forschungsgegenstande (wie z. B. Patientenbefragungen zum Erleben von Gesundheitsprogrammen) besonders eignen kann. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Methode der Gruppendiskussion und ihrer Anwendung als Erhebungsmethode im Kontext der Gesundheitsforderung und Pravention. Die Autor_innen verstehen den Begriff der Gruppendiskussion als Oberbegriff fur verschiedene Gruppenverfahren, inklusive den in der gesundheitswissenschaftlichen Literatur verbreiteten Fokusgruppen, deren Spezifika in diesem Beitrag im Mittelpunkt stehen. Zunachst wird eine Verortung der Gruppendiskussionen innerhalb des qualitativen Paradigmas vorgenommen. Ausgehend von einer begrifflichen Charakterisierung der Gruppe soll in die Gruppendiskussion als Erhebungsmethode eingefuhrt und verschiedene Einsatzbereiche vorgestellt werden. Dabei zielen wir darauf, einen ersten Eindruck von grundlegenden theoretischen Konzeptionen zu vermitteln. Im Mittelpunkt stehen aus forschungspragmatischer Perspektive die Modi der Durchfuhrung von Fokusgruppen. Dazu gehoren u. a. Fragen der Samplebildung, die Auseinandersetzung mit der Relevanz und Formulierung des Diskussionsanreizes, grundsatzliche Uberlegungen zur Moderation und zur Datenerfassung als auch das Nachdenken uber den Umgang mit dem erhobenen Datenmaterial.

Background The reporting of patients' characteristics in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) is one important dimension to improve the clinical replicability or transferability of study results into clinical practice. Aim Based on a previously developed framework for reporting on patient characteristics, the aim of this study was to determine whether and how patients' characteristics are presented in RCTs of major rehabilitation journals. Design A literature search in eight high-impact medical rehabilitation journals was conducted. Setting Any setting. Population A rehabilitation patient group. Methods Papers were included if they presented results on a RCT on rehabilitation patients. We excluded pilot or feasibility studies. We extracted information related to the description of personal, clinical and diagnosis-specific characteristics, comorbidities, and functioning according to the ICF (body functions and structures, activities and participation and context personal/environmental factors). Results From a total of 129 papers initially identified we finally included 100 papers. Patient groups were almost exclusively defined by clinical diagnostic groups. Age and gender were the most prominent persons' characteristics (100% / 99% reported), followed by marital (22%), educational (15%) and occupational status (14%). Clinical characteristics usually relate to the respective diagnosis; general characteristics were reported on the duration of illness or symptoms (62%), to a lesser degree on BMI (45%) and/or weight (32%) and height (27%). One out of five papers report on comorbidities of the patients (20%). Information of body functions were present in almost every paper (98%), and nearly two third reported at least some aspect of activities and participation at baseline (63%). Conclusions The present analysis shows that there is a need to further the development of appropriate standards for the reporting of patient characteristics in rehabilitation trials. Clinical rehabilitation impact In future it should help rehabilitation practitioners to decide whether the patients in a study and their own patients share features similar enough to allow for transferability of results.

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, in der letzten Ausgabe unserer Zeitschrift haben wir Ihnen eine neue Herausgeberin und zwei neue Herausgeber vorgestellt. Nun möchten wir eine weitere Veränderung bekanntgeben. Nach sieben Jahren wird sich Prof. Jürgen Bengel als federführender Herausgeber verabschieden. Die Schriftleitung geht zum 1. Oktober dieses Jahres an Prof. Thorsten Meyer über.

There is a need for a common, shared definition of rehabilitation to conduct systematic reviews and identify relevant systematic reviews for knowledge translation purposes, which is an important task of Cochrane Rehabilitation. The present paper aimed to introduce and compare existing health-related definitions of rehabilitation and to propose core aspects that should characterize a new and workable definition of rehabilitation that is able to serve both as the basis for internal communication and identity work and for external communication. We have conducted a PubMed literature search on current definitions that have been published since the launch of WHO's ICF in 2001. Definitions were analyzed by framing questions to which the definitions provide answers. Nine definitions were included in the analysis. Rehabilitation has been defined as a process, as a set or bundle of interventions, and as a health strategy. The main beneficiaries were mainly related to the presence of disability, however, no specific means or interventions in rehabilitation could be identified. The definitions provided varying answers to the questions "by whom…," "where…," and "when…" and additionally identified certain conditions for rehabilitation. The present analysis can serve as a valuable source of information for developing a Cochrane Rehabilitation definition of rehabilitation.

Background and aim The reporting of clinical studies in rehabilitation has been criticized in several aspects, including the reporting of patient characteristics. This article aims to contribute to the improvement of the reporting of patient characteristics in rehabilitation trials. Specifically, we want to determine the type of information that should be reported in rehabilitation trials that is specific to rehabilitation patients and how this information is captured by current reporting standards. Methods In the first step, we made a conceptual analysis of characteristics of rehabilitation patients by addressing the specifics of the field of medical rehabilitation, including the definition of rehabilitation and a description of its beneficiaries. In the second step, we compared this reference framework to the current reporting standards, especially the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement and its extensions, as well as standards for the reporting of clinical guidelines (agree, right). Results Patients included in rehabilitation interventions should be distinguished by specific information. From a clinical perspective, patients dealt with in rehabilitation comprise broader diagnostic groups compared with other clinical settings. Information on comorbidities should be added in the description of the patients. In addition, a description of baseline characteristics of patients should always include functioning characteristics of the patients, including information on relevant context factors, ie, environmental and personal factors. The CONSORT statement aims to provide patient characteristic to enable transferability of results to users. It is represented in terms of selection (inclusion/exclusion) criteria and the description of the resulting samples. Extensions of the CONSORT statement specified that information on socioeconomic variables should be added, and the selection of patient characteristics to be reported at baseline should be based on the selection of outcome variables. In addition, all relevant prognostic variables should be reported. Only one CONSORT extension asks explicitly to include comorbid conditions. The reporting standards on guidelines demand a more comprehensive characterization of patients, specific to the rehabilitation area. Conclusions Present reporting standards can only partly address relevant issues pertinent to medical rehabilitation. The present analysis provides a conceptual and empirical framework for the development of reporting standards on patient characteristics in rehabilitation trials.

In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Entwicklungslinien der qualitativen Gesundheitsforschung dar und zeigen die thematischen Arbeitsfelder auf, in denen sich qualitative Methoden hinsichtlich der Untersuchung von Gesundheit und Krankheit in der Psychologie etabliert haben. Unterschiedliche methodologische Stromungen der aktuellen psychologischen Gesundheits- und Versorgungsforschung werden in diesem Zusammenhang ebenso erortert wie die Weiterentwicklung qualitativer Erhebungs- und Auswertungsmethoden.

During its third year of existence, Cochrane Rehabilitation goals included to point out the main methodological issues in rehabilitation research, and to increase the Knowledge Translation activities. This has been performed through its committees and specific projects. In 2019, Cochrane Rehabilitation worked on five different special projects at different stages of development: 1) a collaboration with the World Health Organization to extract the best evidence for Rehabilitation (Be4rehab); 2) the development of a reporting checklist for Randomised Controlled Trials in rehabilitation (RCTRACK); 3) the definition of what is the rehabilitation for research purposes; 4) the ebook project; and 5) a prioritization exercise for Cochrane Reviews production. The Review Committee finalized the screening and "tagging" of all rehabilitation reviews in the Cochrane library; the Publication Committee increased the number of international journals with which publish Cochrane Corners; the Education Committee continued performing educational activities such as workshops in different meetings; the Methodology Committee performed the second Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodological Meeting and published many papers; the Communication Committee spread the rehabilitation evidence through different channels and translated the contents in different languages. The collaboration with several National and International Rehabilitation Scientific Societies, Universities, Hospitals, Research Centers and other organizations keeps on growing.

Objective To develop a revised version of the International Classification of Service Organization in Rehabilitation (ICSO-R). Design Qualitative study. Subjects Not applicable Methods: The revision was based on testing the first version of the ICSO-R; 2 discussion rounds invited by the ICSO-R working group of the Standardized Rehabilitation Reporting Subcommittee of the World Health Organization Liaison committee of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, and a call for corrections from a group of international experts. Results The resulting ICSO-R 2.0 version is composed of 2 dimensions (formerly 3); the Provider dimension and the Service delivery dimension. The categories of the Funding dimension from the first version of ICSO-R were incorporated into each of the other dimensions. The Provider dimension now consists of 9 categories and the Service delivery dimension consists of 14 categories. Subcategories have been added to 7 categories: governance/leadership, funding of provider, target groups, location of service delivery, setting, rehabilitation team, and funding of service delivery. Conclusion This updated version of ICSO-R provides a prerequisite for rehabilitation service organization assessment and implementation projects, reporting of contextual influences in clinical trials and many other aspects. In addition, ICSO-R 2.0 can be used for several purposes, e.g. to analyse and compare the provision of rehabilitation services in health systems and to support the quality management of rehabilitation services. However, the development of value sets for each (sub)category and further validation studies are still needed.

Social work is a common service in medical rehabilitation in Germany. However, studies show inconsistent effects of social work interventions. This study aims to compare a self-reported rehabilitation outcome, which covered all functioning domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, in patients with and without social work interventions. The analysis is based on administrative data comprising individuals admitted to medical rehabilitation services due to an orthopedic ( n = 54,056) or cardiac ( n = 16,955) diagnosis between 2007 and 2011. The intervention and control groups were matched by propensity scores (PS) controlling for sociodemographic, clinical, and sociomedical characteristics. A sufficient overlap of the PS allowed a successful matching in both samples. Orthopedic and cardiac patients receiving social work interventions had a worse outcome compared to the control group ( d = −.20, p = .000). The results indicate a clear-cut need for in-depth analysis of social work practice in medical rehabilitation and implementation of controlled studies.