1. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT)
- Author
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Authors/Task Force Members, Galiè N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, Torbicki A, Vachiery JL, Barbera JA, Beghetti M, Corris P, Gaine S, Gibbs JS, Gomez Sanchez MA, Jondeau G, Klepetko W, Opitz C, Peacock A, Rubin L, Zellweger M, Simonneau G, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines, Vahanian A, Auricchio A, Bax J, Ceconi C, Dean V, Filippatos G, Funck Brentano C, Hobbs R, Kearney P, McDonagh T, McGregor K, Popescu BA, Reiner Z, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Vardas P, Widimsky P, Document Reviewers, Al Attar N, Andreotti F, Aschermann M, Asteggiano R, Benza R, Berger R, Bonnet D, Delcroix M, Howard L, Kitsiou AN, Lang I, Maggioni A, Nielsen Kudsk JE, Park M, Price S, Domenech MT, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Zamorano J.L., PERRONE FILARDI, PASQUALE, Authors/Task Force, Member, Galiè, N, Hoeper, Mm, Humbert, M, Torbicki, A, Vachiery, Jl, Barbera, Ja, Beghetti, M, Corris, P, Gaine, S, Gibbs, J, Gomez Sanchez, Ma, Jondeau, G, Klepetko, W, Opitz, C, Peacock, A, Rubin, L, Zellweger, M, Simonneau, G, ESC Committee for Practice, Guideline, Vahanian, A, Auricchio, A, Bax, J, Ceconi, C, Dean, V, Filippatos, G, Funck Brentano, C, Hobbs, R, Kearney, P, Mcdonagh, T, Mcgregor, K, Popescu, Ba, Reiner, Z, Sechtem, U, Sirnes, Pa, Tendera, M, Vardas, P, Widimsky, P, Document, Reviewer, Al Attar, N, Andreotti, F, Aschermann, M, Asteggiano, R, Benza, R, Berger, R, Bonnet, D, Delcroix, M, Howard, L, Kitsiou, An, Lang, I, Maggioni, A, Nielsen Kudsk, Je, Park, M, PERRONE FILARDI, Pasquale, Price, S, Domenech, Mt, Vonk Noordegraaf, A, Zamorano, J. L., Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Galie N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, Torbicki A, Vachiery JL, Barbera JA, Beghetti M, Corris P, Gaine S, Gibbs JS, Gomez-Sanchez MA, Jondeau G, Klepetko W, Opitz C, Peacock A, Rubin L, Zellweger M, and Simonneau G.
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medicine.medical_treatment ,Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular ,Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use ,Cardiovascular ,Anoxia ,Risk Factors ,Biological Markers/blood ,Hypoxia ,Referral and Consultation ,Heart Diseases/complications/diagnosis/therapy ,media_common ,Terminal Care ,ddc:618 ,Exercise Tolerance ,Pulmonary ,Prognosis ,Terminal Care/methods ,Thromboembolism/complications/diagnosis/therapy ,Hypertension ,Cardiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Algorithms ,Lung Transplantation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hypertension, Pulmonary/*diagnosis/etiology/*therapy ,Heart Diseases ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Hypertension, Pulmonary ,MEDLINE ,Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease/complications/diagnosis/therapy ,Internal medicine ,Thromboembolism ,Exercise Tolerance/physiology ,medicine ,Lung transplantation ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Task force ,business.industry ,Conflict of interest ,Cardiovascular Agents ,Evidence-based medicine ,Diagnostic Techniques ,Clinical trial ,Cardiovascular agent ,Anoxia/complications/diagnosis/therapy ,Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents summarize and evaluate all currently available evidence on a particular issue with the aim to assist physicians in selecting the best management strategies for a typical patient, suffering from a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk/benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines are no substitutes for textbooks. The legal implications of medical guidelines have been discussed previously. A great number of Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents have been issued in recent years by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as well as by other societies and organizations. Because of the impact on clinical practice, quality criteria for development of guidelines have been established in order to make all decisions transparent to the user. The recommendations for formulating and issuing ESC Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents can be found on the ESC website (http://www.escardio.org/knowledge/guidelines). In brief, experts in the field are selected and undertake a comprehensive review of the published evidence for management and/or prevention of a given condition. Unpublished clinical trial results are not taken into account. A critical evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is performed including assessment of the risk/benefit ratio. Estimates of expected health outcomes for larger societies are included, where data exist. The level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular treatment options are weighed and graded according to predefined scales, as outlined in Tables 1 and 2 . View this table: Table 1 Classes of recommendations View this table: Table 2 Levels of evidence The experts of the writing panels have provided disclosure statements of all relationships they may have which might be perceived as real or potential sources of conflicts of interest. These disclosure forms are kept on file at the European Heart House, headquarters of the ESC. Any changes in conflict of interest that arise …
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- 2009
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