40 results on '"Throne-Holst, Harald"'
Search Results
2. Standardisation as a Form of Deliberation
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Throne-Holst, Harald, primary and Strandbakken, Pål, additional
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
3. Correction to: Does Proof of Concept Trump All? RRI Dilemmas in Research Practices
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Borch, Anita and Throne-Holst, Harald
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Does Proof of Concept Trump All? RRI Dilemmas in Research Practices
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Borch, Anita and Throne-Holst, Harald
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Circular Business Models in the Mobile Phone Industry
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Watson, David, primary, Tojo, Naoko, additional, Bauer, Bjørn, additional, Milios, Leonidas, additional, Gylling, Anja Charlotte, additional, and Throne-Holst, Harald, additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Bærekraftig energiforbruk: Forbrukermobilitet og -fleksibilitet i strømmarkedet
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Tangeland, Torvald, Alfnes, Frode, Throne-Holst, Harald, and Dulsrud, Arne
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strømmarked ,strømforbruk ,forbrukermobilitet ,forbrukerfleksibilitet ,energikrise - Abstract
Norge og Europa har i 2022 opplevd en energikrise som har medført at kostnadene for strøm har økt betraktelig for norske husholdninger. Det er usikkert hvor lenge denne ustabiliteten med de medfølgende høye priser på strøm vil vare. I denne rapporten ser vi nærmere på hvordan norske husholdninger har tilpasset seg i markedet og hvordan de har endret på strømforbruket når prisene på strøm har økt kraftig. Vi finner at husholdningene har gjort flere tilpasninger som en konsekvens av høyere strømpriser, som å flytte på energikrevende aktiviteter til tidspunkter hvor det er billigere strøm, og redusere på forbruksnivået i seg selv. Graden av hvor fleksible husholdningene opplever at de er påvirkes av en rekke faktorer som er utenfor husholdningenes kontroll. Flertallet opplever at de klarer å betjene de økte kostnadene knyttet til strøm, men det er grupper som oppgir at de må kutte ned på andre forbruksfelt for å klare å betale strømregningen. In 2022, Norway and Europe have experienced an energy crisis which has meant that the costs of electricity have increased considerably for Norwegian households. In this report, we take a closer look at how Norwegian households have adapted to the market and how they have changed their electricity consumption. We find that households have made several such as moving energy-intensive activities to times when electricity is cheaper and reducing the level of consumption itself. The degree to which households perceive themselves to be flexible is influenced by a number of factors that are beyond the household's control. The majority feel that they are able to handle the increased costs associated with electricity, but there are groups that state that they have to cut back on other areas of consumption in order to be able to pay the electricity bill.
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- 2022
7. Bærekraftig koronaliv
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Vittersø, Gunnar, Hebrok, Marie, Heidenstrøm, Nina, Klepp, Ingun Grimstad, Laitala, Kirsi, Tangeland, Torvald, Throne-Holst, Harald, and Torjusen, Hanne
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korona ,smitteverntiltak ,mat ,klær ,covid-19 ,bærekraft ,forbrukspraksiser ,transport ,handel ,fritid ,survey ,forbruk - Abstract
Resultatene i dette notatet bygger i hovedsak på et datamateriale fra en landsrepresentativ survey gjennomført i desember 2020 – februar 2021. SIFO gjennomfører jenvnlig forbruksundersøkelser (SIFO-survey) som gir store mengder data om ulike sider ved forbruket, inkludert forbrukernes holdninger, kunnskap og praksiser. I dette notatet har vi trukket fram data som kan fortelle noe om hvordan koronapandemien påvirket forbruket i Norge i 2020.
- Published
- 2021
8. Husholdningenes innkjøps- og spisemønster under pandemien
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Throne-Holst, Harald, Dulsrud, Arne, Tangeland, Torvald, and Kjærnes, Unni
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hamstring ,matvareberedskap ,matvareforsyning ,beredskap - Abstract
Dette prosjektet har tatt sikte på å innhente kunnskap om befolkningens reaksjoner under pandemien med hensyn til innkjøps- og spisemønster. Dette har blitt vurdert i lys av strategier for matvareberedskap og matforsyning under en krise. Vårt utgangspunkt har vært matsikkerhet for befolkningen under pandemien. For å kunne si noe om dette er det nødvendig å forstå folks handlemønster og tilpasninger under en krise, ut ifra så vel egne ønsker og forutsetninger, som det matsystemet de handler innenfor. I det statistiske materialet finner vi også at de som bor i by har mindre lagre av mat enn de som bor utenfor byene. På den ene siden kan det forklares med at folks boliger i byene er mindre, og dermed har de mindre plass til å lagre mat. I fokusgruppen, hvor enpersonshusholdningene var i flertall, så vi tydelig at for eksempel mulighetene for lagring av frossenvarer var begrenset. Deltagerne brukte også butikkene i nærheten som et forlenget lager, kanskje spesielt av frossenvarer, men til dels også ferskvarer som frukt og grønt. Fra det statistiske materiale identifiserte vi særlig en sårbar gruppe som ikke kunne få levert hjem mat fra nettbutikker eller gjennom sitt sosiale nettverk (familie og eller venner). Denne utgjorde 9 prosent av befolkingen. Dette er en sammensatt gruppe og skiller seg i liten grad fra resten av befolkingen, med unntak av at menn er overrepresentert. Hamstring var noe alle aktørene, inkludert fokusgruppedeltagerne var opptatte av. Men, hva er nå egentlig hamstring? Fokusgruppedeltagerne ytret nemlig ønske om å kjøpe inn litt ekstra av viktige matvarer (kaffe, sukker, hermetikk, tørrvarer) om en krise skulle nærme seg, og før andre husholdninger ville begynne med hamstring. De skiller altså mellom å handle inn litt ekstra (legitimt) og hamstring (ikke legitimt). Fra informantintervjuene med nøkkelaktører ble det ganske klart at fokuset under pandemien har vært stabil tilgjengelighet av mat fra leverandør og frem til døren til husholdningene. Men hva som foregår bak den døren i betydningen hvilke behov husholdningene har og hadde, ser det ikke ut til at noen av aktørene hadde tatt inn i sine planverk. This project has aimed to gather knowledge about the population's reactions during the pandemic with regards to shopping and eating patterns. This has been assessed in the light of strategies for food preparedness and food supply during a crisis. Our starting point has been food security for the population during the pandemic. In order to say something about this, is it necessary to understand people's shopping patterns and adaptations during a crisis, based on their own wishes and assumptions, as well as the food system within which they act. In the statistical material, we also find that those who live in cities have smaller stocks of food than those who live outside of the cities. On the one hand, it can be explained by the fact that residents in the cities are smaller, and thus they have less space to store food. In our focus group, where single-person households were in the majority, we clearly saw that, for example, the possibilities for storing frozen goods were limited. The participants also used the shops nearby as a kind of extended storage, especially for frozen goods, but to some extent also fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables. From the statistical material, we identified a particularly vulnerable group who could not have food delivered home from online stores or through their social network (family and or friends). This accounted for 9 percent of the population. This is a compounded group and differs to a limited degree from the rest of the population, with the exception that men are overrepresented. Hoarding was something all the actors, including the focus group participants were concerned about. But what exactly is hoarding? The focus group participants expressed a desire to buy a little extra of important foods (coffee, sugar, canned food, dry goods) if a crisis were to approach, and before other households would start hoarding. They distinguished between shopping a little extra (legitimate) and hoarding (not legitimate). From the informant interviews with key actors, it became quite clear that the focus during the pandemic has been reliable availability of food from the supplier to the doorstep of the households. However, what is going on behind that door in the sense of what needs the households have, does not appear to be something that the actors had included in their preparedness planning.
- Published
- 2021
9. Plastsortering i norske kommuner – hvorfor er det så store forskjeller?
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Hebrok, Marie, Throne-Holst, Harald, and Bakkeli, Nan Zou
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kildesortering ,plast ,demografi ,henteordning ,organisering - Abstract
Hvorfor samler noen kommuner og interkommunale renovasjonsselskaper (IKS) inn større mengder plastemballasje fra husholdningene enn andre? Det er store forskjeller i hvor mye plast som samles inn i ulike deler av Norge. I denne eksplorerende casestudien gjør vi en første analyse av potensielle forhold som kan føre til disse forskjellene. Studien er basert på et datasett fra Grønt Punkt Norge, som viser mengder plastemballasje samlet inn per selskap i 2019. Etter å ha ekskludert selskap med mangelfull informasjon samt dem som ikke bruker henteordning, sto vi igjen med 49 IKS og 10 enkeltstående kommuner – til sammen 59 enheter (selskap). Disse utgjør utvalget for den kvantitative studien. Siden de fleste selskaper er interkommunale og betjener flere kommuner, er det altså ikke kommunene som analyseres enkeltvis. Vi har i tillegg hentet data om innbyggertall i kommunene selskapene betjener fra Statistisk sentralbyrå. Målet har vært å avdekke om innsamlingen av plast varierer med demografien områdene. Videre har vi samlet inn data direkte fra selskapene om hentefrekvenser og erfaring med kildesortering, samt gjort kvalitative intervjuer av nøkkelpersoner. Vi har også hatt tilgang til resultatene av en representativ spørreundersøkelse om kildesortering fra 2019.
- Published
- 2021
10. Sustainable corona life – Changes in consumption among Norwegian during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020
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Vittersø, Gunnar, Hebrok, Marie, Heidenstrøm, Nina, Klepp, Ingun Grimstad, Laitala, Kirsi, Tangeland, Torvald, Throne-Holst, Harald, and Torjusen, Hanne
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covid-19 ,consumption ,consumption practices ,sustainability ,corona - Abstract
The results in this note are mainly based on data from a nationally representative survey conducted in December 2020 - February 2021. SIFO regularly conducts consumption surveys (SIFO surveys) which provide large amounts of data on various aspects of consumption, including consumers' attitudes, knowledge and practices. In this note, we have highlighted data that can tell something about how the corona pandemic affected consumption in Norway in 2020.
- Published
- 2021
11. 'Hvorfor kan ikke bare alle produkter være bærekraftige?' Hvordan forbrukere oppfatter og påvirkes av markedsføring med bærekraftpåstander
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Heidenstrøm, Nina, Haugsrud, Ingrid, Hebrok, Marie, and Throne-Holst, Harald
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kosmetikk ,klær ,bærekraft ,grønnvasking ,markedsføring - Abstract
Formålet med denne rapporten er å få en bedre forståelse av hvordan markedsføring med bærekraftpåstander kommuniseres til norske forbrukere gjennom nettbutikker og sosiale medier, og hvordan forbrukerne oppfatter og håndterer markedsføringen. Rapporten ser spesielt på to produktkategorier; klær og kosmetikk. En skrivebordsstudie analyserer markedsføringens tekstlige og visuelle utforming, og data fra fokusgrupper brukes for å forstå hvilke ressurser og begrensninger forbrukerne har i møte med markedsføringen. Skrivebordsstudien viser at markedsføringen av klær og kosmetikk benytter seg av store og felles samfunnsfortellinger om hvordan vi skal møte klimautfordringene gjennom forbruksendringer. Fortellingene bruker emosjoner, moral og logikk i sine argumenter, som forsterkes gjennom symboler og visuelle atmosfærer. Resultatene fra fokusgruppene viser at informasjon og kunnskap om markedsføring med bærekraftpåstander per i dag ikke er tilstrekkelig, og det er lav tillit til påvirkere i sosiale medier, forhandlere, og produsenter. Tilliten er høy til myndighetene, som samtidig anses å være ansvarlige for å regulere markedsføringen. Rapporten avsluttes med fire læringspunkter for å utbedre forbrukernes forståelse av markedsføring med bærekraftpåstander: i) standardisere og kontekstualisere informasjon, ii) videreutvikle det nordiske miljømerket, iii) regulere feilbruk av vitenskapelig kunnskap og iv) lage retningslinjer for visuelle virkemidler. This report aims to gain a deeper understanding of how marketing with sustainability claims is communicated to Norwegian consumers through online stores and social media, and how consumers perceive and handle such marketing. The report looks specifically at two product categories: clothing and cosmetics. A desktop study analyses the textual and visual design of the marketing, and data from focus groups are used to understand what resources and limitations consumers have when facing sustainability claims. The desktop study shows that marketing of clothing and cosmetics are constructed using shared cultural narratives about how we should understand and act on the global climate crisis through changed patterns of consumption. The narratives use emotions, moral and logic in their arguments, which are reinforced through symbols and visual atmospheres. The focus group results show that information and knowledge about marketing with sustainability claims is insufficient, and there is a low level of trust in social media influencers, retailers, and manufacturers. There is a high level of trust in national authorities, who are also considered to be responsible for regulating marketing. The report concludes with four learning points to improve consumers’ understanding of marketing with sustainability claims: i) standardise and contextualise information, ii) further develop the Nordic eco-label, iii) regulate misuse of scientific knowledge, and iv) create guidelines for visual techniques in marketing.
- Published
- 2021
12. “Nobody Told Me I was a Nano-Consumer:” How Nanotechnologies Might Challenge the Notion of Consumer Rights
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Throne-Holst, Harald and Strandbakken, Pål
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- 2009
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13. Increasing repair of household appliances, mobile phones and clothing: Experiences from consumers and the repair industry
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Laitala, Kirsi, primary, Klepp, Ingun Grimstad, additional, Haugrønning, Vilde, additional, Throne-Holst, Harald, additional, and Strandbakken, Pål, additional
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- 2021
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14. Virkemidler for forbruksendringer – med utgangspunkt i tiltak fra Klimakur 2030
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Tangeland, Torvald, Heidenstrøm, Nina, Haugrønning, Vilde, Throne-Holst, Harald, Hebrok, Marie, Klepp, Ingun Grimstad, Laitala, Kirsi, and Steinnes, Kamilla Knutsen
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Forbruksendring ,Forbruk ,Klima ,Klimagassutslipp ,Tiltak ,Klimakur 2030 ,Virkemidler - Abstract
Rapporten omfatter innsamling, systematisering og evaluering av forbruksrettede virkemidler for å utløse et utvalg av tiltakene i Klimakur 2030. For å endre forbruket kan vi skifte ut produkter til mer klimavennlige alternativer, omorganisere forbruket, eller redusere forbruksnivået. Virkemidler for å skape slike forbruksendringer kan enten rettes mot individet, mot den sosiale og kulturelle konteksten forbruket foregår i, eller mot de materielle strukturene. SIFO har utredet forbruksrettede virkemidler som kan bidra til å utløse ni tiltak hvor forbruksendringer er sentrale for å redusere klimagass utslippene innenfor transport, landbruk, boligoppvarming, tekstil og plast. Følgende læringspunkter oppsummerer arbeidet: • Helhetlige virkemidler har best effekt • Virkemidler må være treffsikre • Virkemidler må være koordinerte • Tiltakene og virkemidlene må favne hele forbruket • Kunnskaps- og ferdighetsheving er nødvendig • Forbrukerne må ha tillit til virkemidlenes klimaeffekt • Virkemidler må ikke forutsette klimavennlige holdninger og verdier for å ha effekt • Få virkemidler er effektmålte • Det trengs mer kunnskap om atferdsendringer som virkemiddel i omstillingsprosesser This report includes the collection, systematization and evaluation of consumption-oriented instruments to achieve the measures reported in Klimakur 2030. To change consumption, we can replace products with more climate-friendly alternatives, reorganise consumption, or reduce consumption levels. Instruments to spur such changes in consumption can either be directed towards the individual consumer, at the social and cultural context in which consumption takes place, or at the material structures. SIFO has studied consumer-oriented instruments to achieve nine measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within transport, agriculture, domestic heating, textiles and plastics. The following learning points summarize the work: • Holistic measures have the best effect • Measures must be accurate • Measures must be coordinated • The measures and instruments address the totality of consumption • Knowledge and skills development • Consumer trust in the effect of the instruments • Instruments must not presuppose climate-friendly attitudes and values in order to be effectful • Few instruments are effect-measured • More knowledge is needed about behavioural change as a tool in transition processes
- Published
- 2020
15. The role of consumption and consumers in zero emission strategies
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Throne-Holst, Harald, Stø, Eivind, and Strandbakken, Pål
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- 2007
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16. Practicing Responsible Research and Innovation in a crowdsourcing project
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Fossum, Selamawit Molla, Barkved, Line Johanne, and Throne-Holst, Harald
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Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Sosiologi: 220 [VDP] ,lcsh:T58.5-58.64 ,lcsh:Information technology ,Technology: 500 [VDP] ,Social sciences: 200::Sociology: 220 [VDP] ,Environmental research ,Ansvarlig teknologiutvikling ,STS ,Responsible Research and Innovation ,Teknologi: 500 [VDP] ,Crowdsourcing, Responsible Research and Innovation, Environmental Research ,Responsible Research ,Emerging technologies ,Crowdsourcing ,Nye teknologier ,Innovations ,Teknologi og samfunn - Abstract
This paper examines the socially responsible research and innovation aspects of a project that aimed to test various information communication technology-enabled tools and methods for crowdsourcing data on urban environmental challenges and measures. Using the responsible research and innovation (RRI) framework as a point of departure and analytical lens, this paper considers “socially responsible crowdsourcing” an iterative and recursive process of inclusion, anticipation, reflexivity, and responsiveness. RRI is increasingly being requested in publicly funded projects involving disruptive technologies; however, a response to this demand requires more studies on RRI field practices. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and contextual factors associated with the application of RRI to a research project on crowdsourcing in particular and to RRI-based projects in general. The paper indicates the need for incorporating a variety of skills and forging stronger cooperation between government entities and researchers. Moreover, based on the results of three case studies, three types of responsiveness in RRI practice were identified. They are incorporation, mutual learning, and discontinuation.
- Published
- 2019
17. Leve av å reparere? En studie av økonomien i reparasjonsbransjen for klær og hvitevarer
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Haugrønning, Vilde, Klepp, Ingun Grimstad, Strandbakken, Pål, Laitala, Kirsi, and Throne-Holst, Harald
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hvitevarer ,sirkulære tjenester ,klær ,produktlevetid ,reparasjonstjenester - Abstract
Rapporten undersøker reparasjonsbransjen for klær og hvitevarer og aktørenes synspunkter på barrierer og muligheter for utvikling av tjenestene. Det er viktig å få en bredere forståelse for hvilke muligheter og barrierer de opplever i sitt arbeid med reparasjon, fordi dette kan være en viktig del av sirkulær økonomi og bærekraftig forbruk. De aller fleste reparasjoner foregår privat, og forbrukernes holdninger er også viktige for bransjen. Derfor har vi trukket forbrukernes oppfatninger inn i analysen basert på en spørreundersøkelse. Rapporten diskuterer dermed ikke bare hva som kan styrke en bransje, men også hva som kan bidra til at flere produkter blir reparert og dermed brukes lenger. Den første delen av rapporten er en litteraturgjennomgang. Vi presenterer tidligere studier av bransjen i Norge, samt svenske erfaringer med redusert merverdiavgift. Videre følger en analyse av 15 kvalitative intervjuer med aktører i reparasjonsbransjen, 10 innen klær og 5 innen hvitevarer. I analysen har vi også inkludert datamateriale fra spørreundersøkelsen med forbrukere. Reparasjonsbransjen er svært sammensatt og består delvis av store bedrifter hvor reparasjon er en forsvinnende liten del av deres virksomhet, og av små enmanns bedrifter hvor reparasjon kan være, men ikke alltid er en viktig del av virksomheten. Likevel er det flere likhetstrekk for hva som er barrierer og muligheter for bransjen. Blant barrierer finner vi at den gjennomgående lave prisen på produkter og lav kvalitet bidrar til liten lønnsomhet for reparasjoner, og det er svært liten betalingsvilje blant forbrukere for reparasjonstjenester. Videre er tilgangen på kompetent personale en stor utfordring, som forventes å bli større i årene fremover. Mulighetene ligger i potensielle samarbeid mellom tilretteleggere og tilbydere for reparasjoner, og spre kunnskap om reklamasjon og rettigheter ved kjøp av varer. Både bransjen og forbrukerne er enige om at bedre kvalitet på produkter er et utgangspunkt for økt produktlevetid, og dette vil også øke antall lønnsomme reparasjoner. I tillegg ser vi også et behov for at mindre bedrifter som tilbyr tilpassede produkter og ulike tjenester som forlenger produktlevetiden, får økonomiske tilskudd slik at de blir mer rustet til å bidra i overgangen til et mer miljøvennlig forbruk.
- Published
- 2019
18. Towards a low CO2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism (1/2): The bacterial system and prototype production
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Røyne, Anja, primary, Phua, Yi Jing, additional, Balzer Le, Simone, additional, Eikjeland, Ina Grosås, additional, Josefsen, Kjell Domaas, additional, Markussen, Sidsel, additional, Myhr, Anders, additional, Throne-Holst, Harald, additional, Sikorski, Pawel, additional, and Wentzel, Alexander, additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Towards a low CO2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism (2/2): Prospects for global warming potential reduction in the concrete industry
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Myhr, Anders, primary, Røyne, Frida, additional, Brandtsegg, Andreas S., additional, Bjerkseter, Catho, additional, Throne-Holst, Harald, additional, Borch, Anita, additional, Wentzel, Alexander, additional, and Røyne, Anja, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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20. Towards a low CO2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism in a two-step process of limestone dissolution and recrystallization: The bacterial system and prototype production
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Røyne, Anja, primary, Phua, Yi Jing, additional, Le, Simone Balzer, additional, Eikjeland, Ina Grosås, additional, Josefsen, Kjell Domaas, additional, Markussen, Sidsel, additional, Myhr, Anders, additional, Throne-Holst, Harald, additional, Sikorski, Pawel, additional, and Wentzel, Alexander, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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21. iResponse: Crowdsourcing; En tilnærming til miljøstyring i byer
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Strandbakken, Pål, Lavik, Randi, and Throne-Holst, Harald
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SIFO, PublikasjonSIFO, RapporterSIFO - Abstract
The web-survey that this report is based on was carried out in autumn 2016 by TNS Gallup. Representative samples in five Norwegian cities were selected; Oslo, Region of Drammen, Stavanger, Bergen and Trondheim. A total of 35 % reported to have heard of “crowdsourcing”. Approximately one in four respondents (25 %) had tried to influence spatial planning, and of them almost 40 % believed that their interference had had some impact. As many as 69 % report to “seldom” or “never” communicating digitally with authorities. 40 % expected that they in the future would communicate more or less as often as today (with 6 % even expecting it to be less). The stated policy of the Norwegian government however is to increase the amount of digital communication with citizens. Two main findings regarding privacy issues are: 1) That people are more skeptical to share information with authorities the closer the information is to the home/property. However, in general they are not very skeptical, and, 2) that the reluctance to share information and digital tracking data is higher when questions are posed as general questions of privacy rather than if they are specified for type of information. We questioned if there would be some interesting differences between Norwegian cities/urban areas. This is the reason to why we split the questionnaire between Oslo and the following four largest Norwegian cities. This split did not yield interesting results. Overall, answers were rather similar in the five cities. Denne rapporten omhandler en undersøkelse som ble gjennomført på høsten 2016 av TNS Gallup. Surveyen omfatter representative utvalg i fem norske byer: Oslo, Drammensregionen, Stavanger, Bergen og Trondheim. I alt 35 prosent oppga å ha hørt om «crowdsourcing». Ca. en av fire respondenter hadde forsøkt å påvirke byplanlegging, og omtrent 40 prosent mente at deres inngripen hadde hatt en viss effekt. Så mange som 69 prosent oppgir at de «sjelden» eller «aldri» kommuniserer digitalt med myndighetene. 40 prosent antar at de i fremtiden kommer til å kommunisere mer eller mindre som nå (6 prosent antar til og med at det kommer til å bli mindre), mens offisiell norsk politikk er at myndighetene vil øke mengden av digital kommunikasjon med borgerne. To hovedfunn med hensyn til privacy er 1) at folk blir mer skeptiske til å dele informasjon med myndighetene jo nærmere egen eiendom vi kommer, men at de uansett ikke er veldig skeptiske, og 2) at motviljen mot å dele informasjon er større når man snakker generelt, og blir mindre når typen informasjon blir spesifisert. Vi lurte på om det ville være noen interessante forskjeller mellom norske byer og splittet derfor opp respondentene i Oslo pluss de fire største byområdene i Norge. Dette ga ingen interessante funn. I det store og hele var svarene rimelig like i alle de fem regionene.
- Published
- 2017
22. Hva koster gratis?
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Throne-Holst, Harald and Kjørstad, Ingrid
- Subjects
SIFO, PublikasjonSIFO, RapporterSIFO - Abstract
«Det er gratis, og det skal det fortsette å være» er den inviterende meldingen når du logger deg på Facebook. På en måte kan vi si at prosjektet som denne rapporten er et resultat av, nettopp ønsker å undersøke hvor gratis ‘gratis’ er. Inntektene til Facebook fra reklamer og markedsføring økte med 63 prosent fra andre kvartal 2015, til andre kvartal 2016 opp til 6,24 milliarder dollar (FB, 2016), og indikerer at annonsemarkedet knyttet til brukerne av dette nettsamfunnet er en gullgruve. Rapporten presenterer utfordringer og muligheter knyttet til kommersialisering av personopplysninger og forbrukerdata, basert på informasjon fra et gruppeintervju med relevante norske organisasjoner (Forbrukerrådet, Datatilsynet, Forbrukerombudet, Teknologirådet og Redd Barna) og gjennomgang av noe sentral litteratur på feltet. Kommersiell bruk av personopplysninger er en stor og kompleks problemstilling. Stilt overfor den, vil kanskje de fleste organisasjoner føle at de kommer til kort. Da virker en gjennomtenkt arbeidsdeling, kombinert med et utstrakt samarbeid og informasjonsdeling mellom relevante organisasjoner som et fornuftig grep. I arbeidet med denne rapporten håper vi å ha bidratt til å vise den brede enigheten mellom organisasjonene, både hva gjelder problemforståelse og mulige løsninger, knyttet til å gjøre den digitale markedsplassen mer oversiktlig og tryggere for forbrukerne.
- Published
- 2016
23. Etiske, lovmessige, samfunnsmessige og miljømessige aspekter ved bruk av mikroalger for CCS
- Author
-
Vittersø, Gunnar and Throne-Holst, Harald
- Subjects
SIFO, PublikasjonSIFO, RapporterSIFO - Abstract
Nummer: Prosjektnotat nr. 3-2016 Kronikk
- Published
- 2016
24. National risk regimes in Norway, Sweden and Iceland
- Author
-
Throne-Holst, Harald, Slettemeås, Dag, Kvarnlöf, Linda, and Tómmason, Bödvar
- Subjects
emergency plans ,households ,risk assessment ,risk regime ,electricity and ICT breakdowns ,risk management - Abstract
This position paper is a deliverable from the first work package, WP 1 National risk regimes: The role of citizens, of the HomeRisk-project. The main aim of work package 1 is to identify the expectations and responsibilities of citizens in national risk plans in the three participating countries Norway, Sweden and Iceland. The basis for this report is the three National reports on this matter from the main partner in each country; SIFO (Norway), Mid Sweden University (Sweden) and University of Iceland (Iceland). The three reports are presented as individual chapters in this report. First, we briefly describe the three national risk regimes in these countries, and then we present and discuss how actors such as households, citizens and consumers are understood in them. Based on these reports, we find that the three countries have much in common. First of all, that there actually are a number of plans and laws in place. Further, that all three national governments have built up and sustain national and regional capabilities in case of emergencies. Within the scope of the HomeRisk-project, we have studied three kinds of actors: households, citizens and consumers. We note that households are hardly mentioned in any of the national plans or laws. It is citizens or the general public that it is referred to. With regard to consumers, we note that the general public only is referred to in this role, when it comes to ICT fallouts. This in contrast to electricity fallouts, where it appears that the general public is framed as citizens, rather than as consumers. There are of course differences between the countries as well, one of them is that there is more of an implicit expectation that Norwegian public authorities will step in if crises occur. In Sweden, The Law on Protection against Accidents (‘Lag om skydd mot olyckor’), specifies that (only) for individuals who are not able to handle an event, then the public authorities are obliged to help. Whereas in Iceland, the implicit expectation is that households should be (must be) able to handle crisis on their own.
- Published
- 2015
25. Towards a low CO2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism (2/2): Prospects for global warming potential reduction in the concrete industry.
- Author
-
Myhr, Anders, Røyne, Frida, Brandtsegg, Andreas S., Bjerkseter, Catho, Throne-Holst, Harald, Borch, Anita, Wentzel, Alexander, and Røyne, Anja
- Subjects
BACTERIAL metabolism ,CONCRETE industry ,GLOBAL warming ,CONSTRUCTION materials ,REDUCTION potential ,MATERIALS science - Abstract
The production of concrete is one of the most significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. This work focuses on bio-cementation-based products and their potential to reduce global warming potential (GWP). In particular, we address a proposed bio-cementation method employing bacterial metabolism in a two-step process of limestone dissolution and recrystallisation (BioZEment). A scenario-based techno-economic analysis (TEA) is combined with a life cycle assessment (LCA), a market model and a literature review of consumers’ willingness to pay, to compute the expected reduction of global GWP. Based on the LCA, the GWP of 1 ton of BioZEment is found to be 70–83% lower than conventional concrete. In the TEA, three scenarios are investigated: brick, precast and onsite production. The results indicate that brick production may be the easiest way to implement the products, but that due to high cost, the impact on global GWP will be marginal. For precast production the expected 10% higher material cost of BioZEment only produces a marginal increase in total cost. Thus, precast production has the potential to reduce global GWP from concrete production by 0–20%. Significant technological hurdles remain before BioZEment-based products can be used in onsite construction scenarios, but in this scenario, the potential GWP reduction ranges from 1 to 26%. While the potential to reduce global GWP is substantial, significant efforts need to be made both in regard to public acceptance and production methods for this potential to be unlocked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Towards a low CO2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism (1/2): The bacterial system and prototype production.
- Author
-
Røyne, Anja, Phua, Yi Jing, Balzer Le, Simone, Eikjeland, Ina Grosås, Josefsen, Kjell Domaas, Markussen, Sidsel, Myhr, Anders, Throne-Holst, Harald, Sikorski, Pawel, and Wentzel, Alexander
- Subjects
BACTERIAL metabolism ,CONSTRUCTION materials ,UREA ,LIMESTONE ,ORGANIC acids ,CALCIUM carbonate ,BINDING agents ,EARTH sciences - Abstract
The production of concrete for construction purposes is a major source of anthropogenic CO
2 emissions. One promising avenue towards a more sustainable construction industry is to make use of naturally occurring mineral-microbe interactions, such as microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), to produce solid materials. In this paper, we present a new process where calcium carbonate in the form of powdered limestone is transformed to a binder material (termed BioZEment) through microbial dissolution and recrystallization. For the dissolution step, a suitable bacterial strain, closely related to Bacillus pumilus, was isolated from soil near a limestone quarry. We show that this strain produces organic acids from glucose, inducing the dissolution of calcium carbonate in an aqueous slurry of powdered limestone. In the second step, the dissolved limestone solution is used as the calcium source for MICP in sand packed syringe moulds. The amounts of acid produced and calcium carbonate dissolved are shown to depend on the amount of available oxygen as well as the degree of mixing. Precipitation is induced through the pH increase caused by the hydrolysis of urea, mediated by the enzyme urease, which is produced in situ by the bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM33. The degree of successful consolidation of sand by BioZEment was found to depend on both the amount of urea and the amount of glucose available in the dissolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Consumers, Nanotechnology and Responsibilities Operationalizing the Risk Society
- Author
-
Throne-Holst, Harald, Rip, Arie, and Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences
- Abstract
Risks are high on the agenda in our society, to the extent that we might refer to the society as a risk society. Our society experiences emerging technologies, like nanotechnology. Different actors respond to this in a variety of ways. Among these are the consumers, an important, but neglected category of actors in this context. Arguably it is in our role as consumers we first encountered nanotechnology, in the form of nano-enabled products at the consumers market. What consumers think and do, reacting to the mixed messages about benefits and risks of nanotechnology, contributes to how the risk society (with regard to nanotechnology) is developed, and in that sense becomes operationalized. The theme of this thesis, is not just the responses of consumers (and how others perceive these) to the introduction of nanotechnology, but also a case study of how the risk society can be operationalized. One important mode of operationalization is articulations. An important contribution of this dissertation is the emphasis on the ‘work of definition’ that has to be conducted by consumers when being confronted with newly emerging (nano) risks. The commitments of consumers with nanotechnology are analysed and theoretically elaborated with the help of the theory of the Risk Society by Ulrich Beck. In the thesis, focus group studies are one situation where ‘work of definition’ can be observed and evolving outcomes can be traced. Further, the empirical data include stakeholder interviews, as well as content analysis of international advertisements for nano-enabled consumer products. A general finding is that consumers, in focus group interactions , do not limit themselves to risk, but more often discuss responsibilities. A recurrent storyline in the discussions of the focus groups is: “New is worrisome”; “But old is worrisome too” and finally “Yes, new is like old – but with possible added benefits”. Stakeholder interviews show optimism to nanotechnology and technology in general. Enactors experiment with marketing of nano-enabled products. A challenge for civil society organisations is to adopt knowledge-based policies and decision-making on the complex and dynamic developments of nanotechnology. The findings and analysis have relevance even for other emerging technologies.
- Published
- 2012
28. Complexities of labelling of nanoproducts on the consumer markets
- Author
-
Throne-Holst, Harald and Rip, Arie
- Abstract
Various actors, including the European Parliament, press for labelling of products with a nanotechnology component. A few regulatory agencies or advisers are prepared to move in this direction. In deliberative exercises on nanotechnology, people in their roles as citizens and consumers turn out to want such products to be labelled. However, this should not be taken to imply that labelling regulation should be supported without question. There are complexities surrounding labelling: lack of common, international definition of nanomaterials; how labelling is transferring the responsibility to consumers; and low level of knowledge about nanotechnology with the general public. In two Norwegian focus group studies we explored why citizen/consumers are interested in labelling schemes, and use these findings to outline requirements for alternatives. In 2006 and 2008 we carried out focus group studies with Norwegian consumers. The recruitment base was men and women between 25 and 65 years. The studies concerned consumers, nanotechnology and precaution. Labelling was a recurring theme in all the groups, but participants also had reservations. While one cannot argue against more information, participants realized that large groups of consumers will not benefit from labelling. Accountability, transparency and the need for someone to take responsibility were important considerations in their discussions. We take these concerns as entrance points to discuss other divisions of responsibility than consumers’ choices: GRAS lists for which regulators are responsible, and implied warranty which stimulates producers to be responsible. Alternatives could usefully start from the idea of a shared responsibility.
- Published
- 2011
29. Review: a multi-dimensional approach to the study of consumption in modern societies and the potential for radical sustainable changes
- Author
-
Stø, Eivind, primary, Throne-Holst, Harald, additional, Strandbakken, Pål, additional, and Vittersø, Gunnar, additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Forbrukerperspektiv på standardisering av varer og tjenester
- Author
-
Throne-Holst, Harald
- Subjects
SIFO, PublikasjonSIFO, RapporterSIFO - Abstract
Nummer: 2-2001
- Published
- 2001
31. Nanoethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Nanotechnology. Edited by Fritz Allhoff, Patrick Lin, James Moor and John Weckert
- Author
-
Randles, Sally and Throne-Holst, Harald
- Subjects
Nanotechnology ,Business ,Business, general - Abstract
To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00543_2.x Byline: SALLY RANDLES (1), HARALD THRONE-HOLST (2) Author Affiliation: (1)Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (2)SIFO, Norway
- Published
- 2009
32. Forbrukernes rolle i miljøpolitiske suksesser. Fosfatforbudet i tøyvaskemidler. Husmoraksjonen i Mjøsområdet
- Author
-
Throne-Holst, Harald
- Subjects
SIFO, PublikasjonSIFO, RapporterSIFO - Abstract
Dette er den første av flere delrapporter i prosjektet Forbrukernes roller i miljøpolitiske suksesser. Vi har her tatt for oss fremveksten av fosfatforbudet i tøyvaskemidler som vi i dag har i Norge. Forbudet ble innført i forskrift fastsatt av Miljøverndepartementet. Forskriften trådte i kraft 1. februar 1990. Vi har arbeidet frem en firefeltstabell som modell for forbrukerinnflytelse i miljøspørsmål. Den består av nivåene mikro og makro, og arenaene marked og politikk. Et interessant trekk ved det caset vi har tatt for oss her, er hvor raskt vaskemiddel- eller husmoraksjonen ble plukket opp av de besluttende politiske organer.
- Published
- 1999
33. Consumers and Nanotechnology
- Author
-
Throne-Holst, Harald, primary, Soto, Eivind, additional, Strandbakken, Pal, additional, and Scholl, Gerd, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. THE ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION IN THE SHAPING OF A VISION FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY
- Author
-
DELEMARLE, AURÉLIE, primary and THRONE-HOLST, HARALD, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The EMF uncertainty problem related to mobile phones: where do consumers place their trust?
- Author
-
Berg, Lisbet, primary, Slettemeås, Dag, additional, and Throne‐Holst, Harald, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Pursuing More Sustainable Consumption by Analyzing Household Metabolism in European Countries and Cities
- Author
-
Moll, Henri C., primary, Noorman, Klaas Jan, additional, Kok, Rixt, additional, Engström, Rebecka, additional, Throne-Holst, Harald, additional, and Clark, Charlotte, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Identification of households' barriers to energy saving solutions
- Author
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Throne‐Holst, Harald, primary, Strandbakken, Pål, additional, and Stø, Eivind, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Who should be precautionary? Governance of nanotechnology in the risk society
- Author
-
Throne-Holst, Harald, primary and Stø, Eivind, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Complexities of labelling of nano- products on the consumer markets.
- Author
-
Throne-Holst, Harald and Rip, Arie
- Subjects
NANOTECHNOLOGY ,LABELS ,COMMERCIAL products ,PRODUCT management ,HIGH technology ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials - Abstract
The article addresses the complexities of labelling products as containing "nano" on the consumer markets. A significant increase in the availability of consumer products with nanotechnology over the past years is reported. The two main categories of labelling schemes are described such as mandatory and voluntary. Also discussed are some initiatives on voluntary labelling of nanomaterials in consumer products.
- Published
- 2011
40. Pursuing More Sustainable Consumption by Analyzing Household Metabolism in European Countries and Cities.
- Author
-
Moll, Henri C., Noorman, Klaas Jan, Kok, Rixt, Engström, Rebecka, Throne-Holst, Harald, and Clark, Charlotte
- Subjects
HOME energy use ,HOME economics ,INDUSTRIAL ecology ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) - Abstract
Bringing about more sustainable consumption patterns is an important challenge for society and science. In this article the concept of household metabolism is applied to analyzing consumption patterns and to identifying possibilities for the development of sustainable household consumption patterns. Household metabolism is determined in terms of total energy requirements, including both direct and indirect energy requirements, using a hybrid method. This method enables us to evaluate various determinants of the environmental load of consumption consistently at several levels—the national level, the local level, and the household level. The average annual energy requirement of households varies considerably between the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Norway, and Sweden, as well as within these countries. The average expenditure level per household explains a large part of the observed variations. Differences between these countries are also related to the efficiency of the production sectors and to the energy supply system. The consumption categories of food, transport, and recreation show the largest contributions to the environmental load. A comparison of consumer groups with different household characteristics shows remarkable differences in the division of spending over the consumption categories. Thus, analyses of different types of households are important for providing a basis for options to induce decreases of the environmental load of household consumption. At the city level, options for change are provided by an analysis of the city infrastructure, which determines a large part of the direct energy use by households (for transport and heating). At the national level, energy efficiency in production and in electricity generation is an important trigger for decreasing household energy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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