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The establishment of Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) in EU Member States aims at increasing employment and territorial cohesion in coastal and inland fisheries-dependent communities through local initiatives funded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). The locally-defined priorities relevant for small-scale fisheries range from a sectoral vision, which focuses specifically on assisting the fisheries sector, to a territorial vision, where the focus is to support a bottom-up approach towards investment within the community. Our case studies in six EU Member States found that problems accrue due to an imbalance between these two visions. For instance, the implementation of the FLAG system in some cases has been found to be excessively sector-based, without using the opportunities for wider local participation of small-scale fisheries. Otherwise, it could be tilted towards an excessively territorial vision that ends up using a large part of the fishing funds to support other sectors than fisheries with greater economic weight and better capacity to manage the funds, such as tourism. In this chapter, we deploy a Blue Justice lens to investigate justice matters relating to FLAGs. This chapter seeks to improve understanding of what FLAGs are bringing – or taking away – from small-scale fisheries and their communities during the Blue Economy era. We draw on cases of best practices to illustrate how FLAGs could also be used to improve the overall sustainability of the fishing sector and provide recommendations on how these can be implemented through transformations in how FLAGs are governed.

Turistindustrien har i de seneste årtier været set som en vigtig drivkraft i forhold til den økonomiske udvikling af landdistrikterne i takt med, at de mere traditionelle erhverv knyttet til land- og yderområderne mister økonomisk betydning. Det stigende fokus på klima og FN’s verdensmål fylder også stadig mere på turismeområdet. Men set i et landdistriktsperspektiv handlerbæredygtig turisme ikke kun om omsætning, klima og miljø, men nok så meget om, hvad turismen betyder i forhold til livsgrundlaget og livskvaliteten for de mennesker, der bor og lever i disse områder. I Center for Landdistriktsforskning er ”Det gode liv” det centrale omdrejningspunkt for vores forskning. Formålet med dette inspirationskatalog er således, med udgangspunkt i vores forskning og international litteratur, at stille skarpt på landdistriktsperspektivet i relation til udvikling af en bæredygtig turisme. At vi ”husker” de mennesker, der lever og bor der.

’At løfte blikket’ er et inspirationskatalog, der kortlægger land- og yderkommuners begyndende tilgange til og hidtidige erfaringer med strategisk landsbyplanlægning og sætter dem ind i et internationalt teoretisk perspektiv. Målgruppen for kataloget er primært interessenter i kommunernes forvaltninger og kommunalpolitikere, som i fællesskab arbejder med at finde deres ståsted i forhold til det nye krav i planloven om strategisk landsbyplanlægning. Vi håber herudover også, at lokalråd, borgerforeninger, landsbyklynger m.m., som er vigtige medspillere i den strategiske landsbyplanlægning, vil kunne hente inspiration i kataloget.Det overordnede spørgsmål, som kataloget besvarer, er:Hvad er land- og yderkommunernes tilgange til og hidtidige erfaringer med strategisk landsbyplanlægning?Som udgangspunkt for at svare på spørgsmålet bringer vi illustrative eksemplerfra kommunerne i spil i forhold til følgende tre områder:→ Hvordan bruger man analyser som fundament?→ Hvordan differentierer man strategisk?→ Hvordan sikrer man borgerinddragelse?

Bidraget gennemgår med udgangspunkt i empirisk materiale, hvorledes LAG-processen har bidraget til iværksætteri og innovation i landdistrikterne.

Kapitlet illustrerer med udgangspunkt i LAG-støtten (støtten til Lokale Aktions-Grupper), at kvantitative effektvurderinger i mange tilfælde vil have en tendens til at undervurdere den effekt, der ønskes målt.

Municipal amalgamations in Denmark in 2007 led to concern for local rural democracy, as the number of politicians from rural areas dropped after the reform. To preserve rural democracy, local councils at the village level were established in some municipalities, and they have begun to prepare local development plans. Based on a concrete study of plan development by two sub-municipal local councils in two Danish municipalities, drawing upon insights from outcome-oriented deliberate democratic theory, this article provides recommendations for a potential structure for sub-municipal democracy in large municipalities. Municipal amalgamations in Denmark in 2007 led to concern for local rural democracy, as the number of politicians from rural areas dropped after the reform. To preserve rural democracy, local councils at the village level were established in some municipalities, and they have begun to prepare local development plans. Based on a concrete study of plan development by two sub-municipal local councils in two Danish municipalities, drawing upon insights from outcome-oriented deliberate democratic theory, this article provides recommendations for a potential structure for sub-municipal democracy in large municipalities.

This paper investigates the added value of the territorial governance approach LEADER in the multi-level governance setting of rural and coastal development. Using focus group interviews in five Danish rural and fisheries local action groups (LAGs) from the 2007-2013 programming period, the paper demonstrates that pursuing the LEADER method at the LAG level enhances rural development in the form of leverage, democratisation and bottom-up decision making that none of the other levels in the multi-level governance setup of LEADER would be able to provide. However, some of the method's seven concepts are not fully used. Maintaining a focus on all of the method's concepts could allow for even greater rural development.

Udgivelsesdato: 8. april 2010

The literature on local action groups offers various reflections on whether the LEADER initiative is elitist or inclusive. As one of seven key concepts behind the LEADER method, the bottom‐up concept spurs an expectation that LEADER is more able to involve the average citizen than other programmes. Until now, however, only scarce information on the composition of the LEADER boards has been available to tell us if this is really so at the decision‐making level. A survey from 2008 examining the composition of the 55 local action groups established in the 2007–2013 Danish Rural Development and Fisheries Programmes shows that most of the board members are extremely well‐educated older men who hold many other posts in society. This lopsided representation is discussed for its problems and potentials from two opposing theoretical angles: from a perspective of post‐liberal theories of inclusive democracy and the relative autonomy of elites and sub‐elites.

Udgivelsesdato: December