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In this work, data from the aLIGO detectores collected during the first two aLIGO and AdV observing runs (O1 and O2), in the form of spectrograms, were classified using Deep Learning models based on Convolutional Neural Networks. As well as training models from scratch, pre-trained models were also employed, and their performance compared. Initially, a brief theoretical introduction on gravitational wave detection was performed, focusing on the LIGO detectors. In addition, the foundations of Deep Learning and current best practices for the training of image classification models were also presented. The computational experiments showed that encoding information from different time windows in the different colour channels enhanced the performance of the models and that small architectures were capable of separating the 22 classes present in the Gravity Spy dataset. Moreover, transfer learning was able to accelerate the training process and achieve classifiers with competitive performance. The best models obtained a macro-averaged F1 score of 96.84% (fine-tuned model) and 97.18% (baseline trained from scratch), which are in line with the best results in the literature for the same dataset. In addition, these models were evaluated on real gravitational wave signals from Compact Binary Coalescences from the first two aLIGO and AdV observing runs, and they achieved recalls of 75% and 25%, respectively, while only having been trained with a small number of signals from gravitational wave simulations. Neste trabalho, dados dos detetores aLIGO recolhidos nos dois primeiros períodos de observação de LIGO e Virgo (O1 e O2), na forma de espectrogramas, foram classificados usando modelos de Deep Learning baseados em redes neuronais convolucionais. Além de serem usados modelos treinados do zero, também se testaram modelos pré-treinados, e os resultados foram comparados. Para isso, começou por se fazer uma breve introdução às ondas gravitacionais e sua deteção nos detetores de LIGO. Foram também introduzidos os fundamentos relacionados com algoritmos de Deep Learning e das boas práticas para o treino de modelos para a classificação de imagens. Verificou-se que usar os diferentes canais de cor das imagens para apresentar informação com diferentes janelas temporais melhora os resultados dos modelos e que, além disso, arquiteturas pequenas são capazes de separar eficazmente as 22 classes presentes no dataset Gravity Spy. Adicionalmente, a técnica de transfer learning permite acelerar a fase de treino e obter classificadores com um desempenho competitivo. Os melhores modelos obtiveram um F1-score médio (macro) de 96.84% para o modelo pré-treinado e de 97.18% para o modelo base treinado do zero. Estes resultados estão em linha com os melhores resultados encontrados na literatura para o mesmo dataset. Adicionalmente, os modelos foram testados em sinais reais de ondas gravitacionais de Coalescências Binárias Compactas detetadas por LIGO, obtendo sensibilidades de, respetivamente, 25% e 75%, apesar de terem sido treinados com um número reduzido de sinais provenientes de simulações de ondas gravitacionais. Mestrado em Engenharia Física

Interim response evaluation byWe included 85 patients diagnosed with DLBCL and uniformly treated with standard protocols. iPET with DS of 1-3 and/or ΔSUViPET positivity, measured by DS or ΔSUVOur study suggests that combined DS and ΔSUV

Crops are a very special type of human artifact, living organisms literally rooted in their environments. Crops suggest ways to embed rootedness in mobility studies, fleshing out the linkages between flows and matrices and thus developing effective frameworks for reconnecting local and global history. Our focus here is on the movements, or failures to move, of “cropscapes”: the ever-mutating ecologies, or matrices, comprising assemblages of nonhumans and humans, within which a particular crop in a particular place and time flourishes or fails. As with the landscape, the cropscape as concept and analytical tool implies a deliberate choice of frame. In playing with how to frame our selected cropscapes spatially and chronologically, we develop productive alternatives to latent Eurocentric and modernist assumptions about periodization, geographical hierarchies, and scale that still prevail within history of technology, global and comparative history, and indeed within broader public understanding of mobility and history.

Food waste is one of the major challenges to be faced in the world and, therefore, its elimination is one of the most important issues in the perishable product market. Thus, it is necessary to develop and/or apply algorithms and mathematical tools that relate food products perishability with their cost, i.e, how the value of a product varies as function of its deterioration over time until spoilage. This decision support system aims to assist in the product's price definition during its shelf life, maximizing the profit and reducing the spoilage and consequently waste, this means that this system has the objective to relate sales efficiency and the reduction of losses in perishable food products, allowing to answer to which logistics strategy provides a higher profit and consequently less food waste. The proposed easy and expedite computational decision support system compares the FIFO, FEFO or LSFO logistics strategies. The system is tested for two cases of perishable products. First, the system is explained and tested in detail for the yogurt. The second product to be considered is the apple, where the results are briefly presented in order to compare and justify the proposed method.

Introduction Interim response evaluation by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) (iPET) in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is encouraged to rule out disease progression and has been suggested to be predictive of survival. However, treatment guidance by iPET is not yet recommended for DLBCL in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to assess the predictive value of iPET in progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in DLBCL patients (pts), interpreted according to visual and semiquantitative methods. Methods Single centre retrospective analysis of pts diagnosed with DLBCL from 2010 to 2019, uniformly treated with R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like protocols (6-8 cycles) and submitted to iPET assessment after 3-4 cycles of treatment, with no therapy change based on the latter. The iPET findings were interpreted using the visual Deauville 5-point scale (DS) and quantitative comparison of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) before and during treatment. The percentage decrease in SUVmax between baseline PET (PET0) and iPET (ΔSUVmax) was calculated as follows: ΔSUVmax = (PET0 SUVmax-iPET SUVmax)/PET0 SUVmax × 100%. iPET with DS of 1-3 and ΔSUVmax ≥66% was defined as negative. Agreement between the 2 methods, DS and ΔSUVmax, was assessed by Cohen´s k computation. Cox regression model was used to estimate PFS and OS. Risk factors with p Results A total of 335 pts were diagnosed with DLBCL. Forty-one percent (n=138) underwent iPET and SUVmax was available for 86 pts. Of these, 55.8% were male, with median age of 60 years old (24-84). At diagnosis, 72.1% presented with advanced stage disease, 55.8% with abnormal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 49.4% with B symptoms. Bone marrow involvement and extranodal disease was present in 12% and 76.7%, respectively. According to International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, 44.7% of pts were intermediate-high/ high-risk. At interim evaluation, 26.7% (n=23) had an iPET positive by DS, while 17.4% (n=15) had a ΔSUVmax Primary refractoriness (PrR) and/or disease progression, defined according to Lugano criteria, was seen in 22.1% of the pts. iPET positivity, measured either by DS (OR 6.45 [95%CI: 1.68-24.82], p=0.007) or ΔSUVmax (OR 5.42, [95%CI: 1.39-21.12], p=0.015), showed predictive value of PrR, improved by combining the DS and the ΔSUVmax in iPET interpretation (OR 2.36 [95%CI: 1.35-4.13], p=0.003) (Figure 1). For a median follow-up of 50.1 months, median PFS was not reached (NR) and was higher in iPET negative pts, regardless of the interpretation by DS (84.3% versus 49.0% at 5 years; HR 4.27, p Median OS was NR and was higher in the iPET negative group, when assessed by DS (89.3% versus 62.2% at 5 years, HR 3.49, p=0.01). By contrast, ΔSUVmax ≥66% did not prove to be predictive of OS (85.8% versus 65.7% at 5 years, HR 2.63, p=0.06). The impact of iPET negativity on OS was not significant upon multivariate analysis, regardless scan measurement by DS or ΔSUVmax ≥66% (HR 4.01, p=0.07 for DS, and HR 1.06, p=0.94, for ΔSUVmax ≥66%). Interestingly, combined visual and semiquantitative analysis allowed to identify a very high-risk subgroup of patients in our cohort, with significantly inferior PFS and OS (PFS: HR 9.60, p Conclusion Our results showed that, in our cohort, ΔSUVmax semiquantitative method in iPET interpretation has an independent predictive value of PFS, but not of OS. iPET sub-analysis with combined DS and ΔSUVmax allowed to identify a very high-risk group of DLBCL pts with markedly inferior PFS and OS. In addition, both DS and ΔSUVmax are good predictors of primary refractoriness, particularly when both visual and semiquantitative methods are combined. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Gomes: Takeda: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy.

Background: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) has become the international standard for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) staging and is widely used for response assessment. In the past few years, the prognostic value of a variety of imaging-derived quantitative parameters has been investigated. One of these parameters is the distance between the 2 lesions that are farthest apart (Dmax). Dmax is a simple feature that captures lymphoma dissemination and has been reported to be a strong prognosticator of shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in DLBCL patients (pts). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 146 pts with newly diagnosed Ann Arbor stage III-IV DLBCL, NOS, treated with R-CHOP(-like) regimens, between January 2010 and December 2019 in a tertiary center. Dmax was normalized with the body surface area [standardized Dmax (SDmax)]. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method was applied in resetting the optimal cut-off point for predicting prognosis and treatment outcome. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe time-to-event end points. A p-value of 0,05 was used as cut-off for significance. Results: Dmax was available for 40 pts. The median age at diagnosis was 63 years (24-78); 58% of pts were male. Most pts (69%) presented lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) above the upper limit of normal (ULN); 40% presented lymphopenia (lymphocyte count below 1000/μL), and 26% had albumin levels below 3.2 g/dL. Bone marrow (BM) infiltration occurred in 41% of pts, and 5% had central nervous system (CNS) involvement at diagnosis. According to the international prognostic index (IPI), 74% of pts were high-intermediate (HI) and high (H) risk; according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-IPI, 68% of pts were HI and H risk. According to the cell of origin (COO) 63% of pts presented non-germinal center DLBCL. A complete metabolic response (CMR) on interim PET/CT was observed in 65% of pts, and 71% presented a CMR on end-of-treatment (EOT) PET/CT. At EOT the overall response rate was 80%. Seven percent of pts presented CNS relapse. The 5-year PFS was 58.5% and the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 69.4%. Higher SDmax was significantly associated with BM and CNS involvement at diagnosis (p=0.034 and p=0.049, respectively), as well as with CNS relapse (p=0.048). No statistically significant association was found between SDmax and the following features: lymphocyte count of < 1000/μL (p=0.505), albumin levels < 3.2 g/dL (p=0.140), LDH > ULN (p=0.501), IPI risk ≥ HI risk (p=0.719), NCCN-IPI ≥ HI risk (p=0.239) and COO (p=0.493). There was a tendency, although not significant, towards a lower rate of CMR on interim and EOT PET/CT in pts with higher SDmax (p=0.072 and p=0.077, respectively). A higher SDmax had no statistically significant impact on either PFS (HR 0.456; p=0.500) or OS (HR 0.339; p=0.561). The combination of NCCN-IPI and SDmax allowed to identify a subgroup of pts with low (L) risk and low-intermediate (LI) risk NCCN-IPI and higher (≥ 4.1cm) SDmax with inferior 5-year OS (87.5% vs 50%; HR 4.64; p=0.031) and with a trend towards an inferior 5-year PFS (75% vs 50%; HR 1.92; p=0.166). Conclusions: In our cohort, a higher SDmax was associated with some high-risk features, as well as with a trend towards an inferior response to treatment. Additionally, the combination of SDmax and NCCN-IPI allowed to identify a subgroup of L risk and LI risk pts with inferior OS and a trend towards an inferior PFS. Interpretation of these results may be limited by the small sample size. The role of Dmax in DLBCL prognostication may therefore require further validation before widespread clinical use. Disclosures Gomes: Takeda: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy.

The present text engages the painting Anthropophagy (1929) by Tarsila do Amaral as a performance in overcoming Brazil’s tropical sadness diagnosed by artists, politicians and scientists. While anth...

Tese de mestrado em Ciências Geofísicas (Meteorologia e Oceanografia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2021 Submitted by Cristina Manessiez (camanessiez@fc.ul.pt) on 2021-05-18T17:52:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfc126274_tm_Tiago_Ferreira.pdf: 3630126 bytes, checksum: 85d6571b8b5102504cea168d2043e319 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-18T17:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfc126274_tm_Tiago_Ferreira.pdf: 3630126 bytes, checksum: 85d6571b8b5102504cea168d2043e319 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A violência doméstica é uma mazela social, presente, muitas vezes, silenciosamente, em diversos lares, causando danos irreparáveis em suas vítimas. Embora já haja avanços da lei nesse sentindo, o que podemos observar é a maneira como a vítima se comporta diante das agressões, na maioria das vezes não denunciando por vergonha de familiares, vizinhos ou até mesmo, por descrédito nas autoridades. Muito embora, em um primeiro momento, a expressão violência doméstica seja interpretada como violência contra a mulher, ela pode ser desferida contra qualquer pessoa, indiferente de gênero ou orientação sexual. Ocorre diferenciação na proteção estatal a direitos básicos, como direito à integridade física e à saúde, devido ao gênero? No presente trabalho será abordada a violência contra o homem, existente, em comparativo, na mesma proporção que a violência contra a mulher, porém pouco difundida e tratada como um tabu.

Introdução: A tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 vem sendo considerada como uma modalidade imagiológica com vantagens na pesquisa de metastização óssea. Comparámos a sua capacidade para deteção de metástases ósseas com a de outras técnicas imagiológicas.Material e Métodos: Avaliámos retrospetivamente 114 doentes que realizaram tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18. Destes, 49 realizaram também cintigrafia óssea, 61 tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FDG-F18 e 10 tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FCH-F18. Identificámos a técnica que detetou um maior número de metástases ósseas. Comparámos ainda a tomografia por emissão de positrões com a componente tomografia computorizada da tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18. Registámos as situações nas quais a tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada FNa-F18 e a cintigrafia óssea necessitaram de exames adicionais para esclarecimento complementar.Resultados: A tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 foi superior à cintigrafia óssea em 49% dos doentes (p < 0,001); foi superior à tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FDG-F18 em 59% dos doentes (p < 0,001) e foi superior à tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FCH-F18 em 40% dos doentes (p < 0,001). Nenhuma das técnicas imagiológicas avaliadas lhe foi superior. Na tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada -FNa-F18 a componente tomografia por emissão de positrões foi superior à tomografia computorizada em 35% dos casos (p < 0,001). Foi sugerida investigação complementar em apenas 3,5% dos doentes que realizaram tomografia por emissão de positrões/ tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 (45% para a cintigrafia óssea) (p < 0,001).Discussão: Em conformidade com o referido por outros autores, a nossa experiência confirma que a tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 tem excelente desempenho na deteção de metástases ósseas, sendo capaz de identificar lesões em mais doentes, e em maior número, quando comparada com outras técnicas imagiológicas.Conclusão: A tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FNa-F18 revelou superioridade na deteção de metástases ósseas comparativamente à cintigrafia óssea, à tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FDG-F18 e à tomografia por emissão de positrões/tomografia computorizada - FCH- F18.

This article explores technology as romantic culture in the second half of the nineteenth century. It details how new urban nocturnal experiences emerged from the Lisbon Industrial Institute (Instituto Industrial) founded in 1852. It combines the interest in the space of science production, typical of history of science and science studies, with the attention to production and consumption of lighting more commonly found in history of technology and urban history literature. Engineers' practices are put in a cultural continuum with poetry, opera, and modern city life at large. Industrial Institute directors Vitorino Damásio and Fonseca Benevides are described as romantic engineers for whom technology overcame differences between humans through the forging of new social bonds, produced new aesthetic experiences and new ways of feeling, expressed nature's harmony, and led to heroic lives.

Introdução: No carcinoma da próstata, é frequente, após terapêutica com intuito curativo, ocorrer recidiva bioquímica. O objectivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da PET/CT com fluorocolina-F18 no restadiamento e orientação destes doentes e analisar a influência, da estratificação de risco, dos valores do PSA e da terapêutica de supressão hormonal, na sensibilidade da técnica. Material e Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 107 doentes com carcinoma da próstata em recidiva bioquímica que realizaram PET/CT com fluorocolina-F18 no nosso hospital, entre dezembro de 2009 e maio de 2014. Resultados: A sensibilidade global foi de 63,2% sendo 80,0% quando PSA > 2 ng/mL. Foi possível identificar doença à distância em 28% dos doentes. A sensibilidade aumentou de 40,0% em doentes de risco baixo e intermédio para 55,2% em doentes de alto risco. Sem terapêutica de supressão hormonal, a sensibilidade foi de 61,8% enquanto no grupo sob essa terapêutica, foi de 67,7%. Discussão: A PET/CT com fluorocolina-F18 forneceu informações relevantes, mesmo em doentes com baixos valores do PSA, contudo, com incremento significativo da sensibilidade nos doentes com PSA >2 ng/mL. A sensibilidade foi superior nos doentes de alto risco comparativamente com os de risco baixo e intermédio, contudo, sem uma diferença estatisticamente significativa. A terapêutica de supressão hormonal parece não influenciar a captação de Fluorocolina-F18 nos doentes resistentes à castração. Conclusões: Neste estudo, a PET/CT com fluorocolina-F18 apresentou bons resultados no restadiamento de doentes com carcinoma da próstata em recidiva bioquímica, distinguindo entre doença loco-regional e sistémica, informação com importantes consequências na definição da estratégia terapêutica.

Fascist ideology held strong claims about the relationship between national soil and national community. It has been less noticed that this “ideology of the land” materialized in massive st...

AimIn the evaluation of prostate cancer, clinical nomograms are commonly used to predict the probability of lymphatic and extra‐nodal spread. Those nomograms may suggest the presence and the extension of this cancer but do not allow a clear distinction between loco‐regional and distant disease. In this study, it was intended to evaluate the usefulness of 18F‐Fluorocoline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FCH‐PET/CT) in the workup of patients with the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer and staged by this imaging technique.Material and methodsThe medical records of 39 patients with prostate cancer who underwent 18F‐FCH PET/CT for initial staging, between November 2010 and April 2015, were reviewed. Of these, 20 patients were excluded because they had already started hormonotherapy. In the other 19 patients, the performance of 18F‐FCH PET/CT for the detection of lymph node metastasis was evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy. Six patients had performed pelvic lymphadenectomy (total of 69 lymph nodes), allowing histological confirmation. When there was no histological confirmation (total of 30 lymph nodes and 3 cases of bone metastasis), the findings of 18F‐FCH PET/CT were correlated with the values of PSA and the information from multiple imaging modalities such as CT, bone scan, magnetic resonance (MRI), 18F‐Sodium Fluoride (18F‐NaF) PET/CT of control.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy for lymph node metastasis detection were, respectively, 96.8%, 80.9%, 69.8%, 98.2% and 85.8%. In our sample, this technique also allowed the identification of nodal extra pelvic or bone metastasis in 5 patients (26.3%) with implications in the treatment. It showed uptake suggestive of bone metastasis, corroborated by other diagnostic technics or by the follow‐up, in 3 patients, those with prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 9.5±2.9 ng/mL.Conclusion18F‐FCH PET/CT is an entire body and multi organ imaging modality that allows the identification, globally, of the sites of disease in patients with prostate cancer. In this study, 18F‐FCH PET/CT showed good results when used in the initial staging of these patients. It is highlighted the ability to detect distant disease, in particular bone metastasis, even with PSA

Drawn from a plenary discussion at the 2013 Agricultural History Society’s annual meeting in Banff, five scholars examine the relationships of specific crops to their surrounding cultures. The question “does crop determine culture?” provided opportunities to explore crop determinism and interrogate the relationships between particular crops and their production methods. The question intended to avoid the narrow association of “culture” with cultivation techniques, and each scholar discussed agricultural production methods in ways that included elements of their wider contexts. As usually happens in the history of technology, these historians spoke of cultivation methods that both reflect and shape those phenomena more often classified as social, cultural, political, or economic, rather than narrowly technological. The plenary ends with a call for readers to answer the organizing question for themselves, in their own studies of agriculture and its environments.

This chapter follows the historical trajectory of Strampelli’s Ardito wheat into Portugal to participate in the Wheat Campaign of Salazar’s fascist regime. When examining the Portuguese case, the narrative explores how new standardized forms of wheat contributed to the development of all embracing corporatist state agencies, a critical subject in the new fascist social order: corporatism promised a society built on organic units and “economic solidarities” in contrast to the alleged artificiality of liberal ideology based on individuals as well as to the Bolshevik obsession with social classes. The technoscientific organisms produced at the National Agricultural Experiment Station (EAN) led by the geneticist António Sousa da Câmara, the executive head of the Wheat Campaign, promised to sustain the futurism of the past announced by the propaganda of the Portuguese corporatist New State.

Chapter four explores the development by academic animal breeders of performance tests enabling the transformation of pigs into organisms embodying fascism. Standards developed at the University of Halle by Gustav Frölich and at Gottingen by Jonas Schmidt assured that pigs were fat and rooted in the soil (bodenständig) contributing to the institutionalization of the Nazi regime: Germans were now feeding their animals produce of the national soil, making the country more resilient in case of war, and following the standards imposed by a new bureaucratic structure. Contrary to many historical references of animals and humans in Nazi times, pigs were not just metaphors calling for comparisons between the way they were bred and the Nazi breeding of humans. It was the particular way they were bred, making them bodenständig,which formed the new ties weaving the German Volk. The animals scientists designed were intended to perform the transition of German society into a national community, embodying Nazi alternative modernity.

“Fascist Pigs” investigates the breeding of new animals and plants embodying fascism. It details the role of technoscientific organisms in the national battles for food independence launched by Mussolini, Salazar, and Hitler, the first large scale mobilizations of the three fascist regimes. The narrative transforms the fascist “back to the land” into a modernist experiment involving geneticists and their organisms (wheat, potatoes, pigs), mass propaganda for peasants and urban consumers, and overgrown bureaucratic structures. In contrast to the generalized emphasis on race, it brings food to the forefront of a renewed understanding of fascism.The fascist obsession with land translated also into violent imperial quests for Lebensraum in Europe and Africa. The book unveils how agricultural experiment stations in Ethiopia, Mozambique and Auschwitz were central for putting in place colonial forced labor schemes for the production of coffee, cotton, and rubber. The story of karakul sheep standardized by scientists at the University of Halle goes a step further. It follows sheep around into Germany, Ukraine, South West Africa, Libya, and Angola, connecting through the travels of a single organism the white settler stories and frontier genocide of the three fascist regimes.This is not a study about what happened to scientists under fascism, but one that by following the historical trajectories of technoscientific organisms reveals how new forms of life intervened in the formation and expansion of fascism.

In the fascist era, rituals followed a tight calendar. Nazis celebrated the 1933 seizure of power in January, the anniversary of the founding of the Party in February, National Mourning Day in March, the Führer’s birthday in April, National Labor Day in May, and so on....