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Amid the global emphasis on efficient power conversion systems under the "dual carbon" policy framework, the supercritical CO2 (SCO2) Brayton cycle is a noteworthy subject, owing to its pronounced efficiency, compact design, economic viability, and remarkable potential to increase the thermal cycle efficiency of nuclear reactors. However, its application across various nuclear reactor loops presents divergent challenges, complicating system design and analytical processes. This paper offers a thorough insight into the latest research on the SCO2 Brayton cycle, particularly emphasising its integration within directly and indirectly cooled nuclear reactors. The evolution of the Brayton cycle in nuclear reactor systems has been meticulously explored, focusing on its structural dynamics, key components, and inherent pros and cons associated with distinct reactor loops. Based on the theoretical frameworks and empirical findings related to turbomachinery and heat exchangers within the cycle, we chart a course for future enquiries into its critical components, underscoring the indispensable role of experimental investigations. This paper conclusively assesses the feasibility of deploying the SCO2 Brayton cycle in direct and indirect cooling contexts, offering a forward-looking perspective on its developmental trajectory. The SCO2 Brayton cycle may become a focal point for research, potentially creating avenues for nuclear energy endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

—In 2021, blockchain was included in the national five-year plan for the first time, and in the chapter of “Accelerating Digital Development and Building Digital China”, blockchain was listed as one of the seven key industries of digital economy in the 14th Five-Year Plan. The rapid development of blockchain technology not only promotes the high-speed operation of China’s real economy and greatly improves the overall service quality of China’s digital economy, but also provides new development ideas for the innovative development of digital channels of commercial banks. In this paper, through the use of literature research method and qualitative analysis method, we deeply analyze the challenges faced by the development mode of commercial banks at the present stage, etc. Accordingly, we propose corresponding countermea-sures and suggestions from the perspectives of research and development of technology, customer privacy protection and improvement of service efficiency, so as to continuously empower the digital transformation of commercial banks in China.