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Objective To evaluate the analgesic and sedative effect of single epidural application of esketamine in cesarean section during perioperative period, and analyze the clinical application value of esketamine in cesarean section epidural analgesia and sedation. Methods From October 2021 to March 2022, 100 patients undergoing lower segment cesarean section under combined spinal epidural anesthesia in Rugao Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University were selected and randomly divided into morphine group (n=50) and esketamine group (n=50). After delivery of newborns (Apgar score ≥ 8) and removal of the umbilical placenta for 5 min, individuals in esketamine group were administered 20 mg ketamine, 5 mg dexamethasone plus 9 mg ropivacaine via an epidural catheter diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride to 6 mL; while individuals in morphine group were administered 2 mg morphine, 5 mg dexamethasone plus 9 mg ropivacaine via an epidural catheter, diluted with same volume (6 mL) of sodium chloride. The VAS score and Ramsay score at different time points after epidural administration, postoperative supplemental analgesic use and adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in VAS scores at 5 min after epidural administration, at the end of operation, 24 h after operation, and 48 h after operation, as well as the time of first use of supplementary analgesic drugs after operation and the proportion of the number of people (P＞0.05). At 5 min after epidural administration, Ramsay scores in esketamine group were significantly higher than those in morphine group (P＜0.05), and that there was no statistically difference in Ramsay scores between the two groups after surgery (P＞0.05). The incidence of dysuria (22.00% vs 4.00%, χ2=7.162, P＜0.05) and pruritus (18.00% vs 0, χ2=7.814, P＜0.05) in morphine group were higher than those in esketamine group. Conclusion Esketamine and morphine both exert effective analgesic effects during the perioperative period of cesarean section, and more importantly, ketamine is superior to morphine in sedative effect during cesarean section and reducing postoperative adverse reactions.

In the field of crop research, the study of roots involves many challenges, particularly the lack of effective methods for identifying crop roots. To deal with this problem, this study proposes a solution strategy: in applying strontium to crop leaves, the roots of different crops are distinguished. In this study, we applied strontium ions to the leaves of hydroponically grown wheat, and these strontium ions were partially absorbed by the leaves and transported to the roots. Therefore, the strontium concentration of roots was significantly increased through the foliar application of strontium. After mixing the treated wheat with the untreated wheat root, the greater the biomass of the wheat root applied with strontium ions, the higher the strontium concentration in the mixed root. Based on this phenomenon, we can establish the relationship between wheat root biomass and strontium concentration in mixed roots through linear fitting. Furthermore, we can also use the relationship between root biomass and root length to establish the correlation between strontium concentration in mixed roots and the root length of wheat with strontium ions. After measuring the strontium concentration of the mixed roots to be distinguished, the root biomass and root length of wheat applied with strontium ions can be calculated according to the equation obtained through linear fitting. The accuracy of this method was verified through a comparison with the actual value and the existing root staining method. The results show that the coefficient of determination (R2) of the root biomass estimation equation obtained through linear fitting reached 0.83, which is statistically significant (p < 0.01). The Pearson correlation coefficient with the measured value was more than 0.9, showing a very high correlation and significance. The root length estimation equation derived from the relationship between the root biomass, strontium concentration and root length was compared with the real root length value and the root length value obtained using the staining method. The Pearson correlation coefficient also exceeded 0.8 and reached a statistically significant level (p < 0.01). This study confirms that strontium ions can be absorbed and transported to roots through wheat leaves and successfully developed a new method for predicting the length of wheat roots, providing an effective new tool for wheat root research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]