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The composition of protection monolayer exerts great influence on the molecular and electronic structures of atomically precise monolayer protected metal nanoclusters. Four isostructural Ag/cyanurate/phosphine metallamacrocyclic monolayer protected Ag

Hypothesis Hollow nanostructures, known as nanocapsules, have been the preferable candidates in the drug-delivery and control-release applications. To enhance the adherence and penetration into biological hosts for efficient drug delivery, constructing multiple pods on the hollow structure to form a tribulus-like branched architecture has been proven an effective strategy. However, the synthesis is challenging due to the simultaneous control of the branched podal morphology, the hollow architecture and the mesophase structures at the nanometer scale. Experiments Polymer spheres with surface carboxyl moieties were first prepared by emulsion polymerization, which were partly coated by a type of basic silane. The left carboxyl moieties formed some seperated acid spots on the surface of polymer spheres, which could lead to the subsequent self-assembly of surfactant and silica within these acidic spots to grow a branched nanostructure. Findings Radiolarian-like organic-inorganic hybrid hollow architecture with branched ordered mesoporous pods were obtained after removing the organic templates of the polymer spheres and surfactants by calcination. The ordered cylindrical mesoporous channels were along the central axis direction of the hexagonal-prism-like pods, which connected inside and outside of the hollow spheres. The number of the branched pods could be easily tuned at the range of one to four.

Silicalite-1 is a pure-silica MFI-type zeolite, which is widely used in the field of adsorption and separation of organic compounds. Herein, the high-micropore-volume silicalite-1 with less silanol defects was obtained under a near-neutral condition free of fluoride ions adjusted by anionic polyelectrolytes, which exhibited excellent adsorption of a wide variety of toxic volatile organic compounds.

The active crystal plane determines the activity of the inorganic metal oxide-based photocatalyst, especially for the degradation of organic pollutants. The ZnO tetrakaidecahedron with different crystal faces ({001}, {101}, and {100}) is efficiently synthesized with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as an additive. The exposed surface of the ZnO tetrakaidecahedron can be controlled by changing the reaction concentration and reaction time. The tetradecahedral ZnO (ZnO-1, ZnO-2) nanoparticles were systematically investigated by various characterizations. On the basis of the experimental results, we speculated the possible formation mechanism of ZnO tetrakaidecahedron. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO-1 tetrakaidecahedron is better than that of ZnO-2 nanoparticles in the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (Rh B), which is ascribed to more exposed active crystal faces, large photocurrent density, and large specific surface area.

The N-ZnO/g-C3N4 composites prepared by high temperature calcination exhibited excellent performance in both the photocatalytic H2 evolution and photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue (MB). It can be seen that the absorption range of ZnO extends from ultraviolet light to UV–visible light after N dopant. The combination with g-C3N4 further enhances the absorption range of N-ZnO, thereby increasing the utilization of light. A Z-scheme photocatalytic system mechanism of N-ZnO/g-C3N4 has been proposed for the enhanced H2 evolution and photocatalytic degradation rate. The proper bands position of N-ZnO facilitates the formation of Z-scheme mechanism. The electrons on CB of N-ZnO would migrate to VB of g-C3N4, which can effectively prevent the recombination of electrons and holes. The generation of electrons in CB of g-C3N4 and accumulation of holes in VB of N-ZnO can improve the photocatalytic efficiency.

Assisted by an anionic polyelectrolyte of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), high-performance titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) could be facilely synthesized at very low usage of expensive organic templates (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide). The presence of PAA helped to incorporate more active Ti species into the TS-1 framework and change the morphology to a plate-like shape, which was beneficial to molecular diffusion among its micropores to access the Ti active sites. Therefore, TS-1 synthesized with PAA showed much higher catalytic activity than that synthesized using the traditional synthesis without polyelectrolytes, and only a 30% usage amount of organic template was used. Moreover, this ultra-cheap catalyst also displayed a better catalytic activity than commercial TS-1 synthesized via a series of complicated preparation processes including alkene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant.

Titanium-containing zeolitic catalysts show high activity and selectivity in numerous environmentally-friendly oxidation reactions. However, the small micropores show severe restrictions for the oxidation of large organic reactants. Here, Ti-SFN zeolite with 14-ring extra-large-pores (6.2 × 8.5 A) was firstly synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition method and proved to have superior catalytic performance for bulker molecular oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant compared to 10-ring TS-1 and 14-ring Ti-CIT-5 zeolites.

Affinity, which is the essential attribute of metal ions, is very important to their physical and chemical properties. To make quantitative description and deep understanding on the affinity, fourteen metal ions were considered, and two representative ligands (H2O and NH3) were selected. Five types of energy of five models have been calculated using the density functional theory. Then, the results have been applied to quantify the affinity and describe its evolution in the ligand exchange process. Three aspects, energy decomposition analysis, natural bond orbital analysis, and information-theoretic approach in density functional reactivity theory, have been considered to understand the affinity.

Hierarchically porous Sn-β zeolites were synthesized for the first time via a low-cost and environmentally benign strategy without using an organic structure directing agent, which still showed higher catalytic performance for triose sugar (DHA) into lactate than the traditional nano-sized Sn-β zeolites synthesized with expensive tetraethylammonium hydroxide.

ZnO hollow spheres, which were made of ZnO nanoneedles and had larger (0001) planes than conventional structures, were successfully prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method. The surface of the hollow spheres was composed of highly active crystal (0001) planes. The surface changes of the spheres were studied by controlling the reaction time. It was indicated that with prolonged reaction time, the (0001) planes of the hollow spheres gradually disappeared under acetic acid etching. Acetic acid played a very important role in the formation of ZnO hollow spheres. The long-time corrosion reduces the surface (0001) planes, making the structure looser which increases the specific surface area. From the results of the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), it can be seen that larger (0001) planes were favorable for photocatalysis.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) hexagonal prisms with unique nanostructures are successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method with the assistance of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Further studies demonstrated that dissolved PEG played a critical role in adjusting the exposed proportion of {0001} facets and high-index facets. By increasing the amount of PEG, we successfully reduced the exposed proportion of {0001} facets and increased the exposed proportion of high-index facets. The morphology and the properties of ZnO hexagonal prisms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller N2 gas adsorption–desorption isotherms, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO hexagonal prisms was investigated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution under UV-vis light irradiation. Results showed that the ZnO hexagonal prism samples with a high percentage of exposed high-index facets exhibited superior photocatalytic activity. The idea that adjusting the proportion of different facets to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO samples is a meaningful study.

Hierarchical nanostructures of anatase TiO2 with high specific surface area are specially significant in various applications. In this work, we using a one-pot, template-free method that employed ethanol as mild solvent and obtained hierarchical flower-like TiO2 nanostructures. Interestingly, the hierarchical structures are assembled by ultrathin nanosheets dominated by {001} facets, and the thickness of nanosheets are about 10 nm. We find that the reaction time plays an important role in the growth mechanism and the hierarchical flower-like of anatase TiO2 was governed by a nucleation and nuclei growth-dissolution-recrystallization growth mechanism from time-dependent morphology evolution. The experimental parameters which influence the morphologies, such as reaction species and temperature, were further studied. The results show that the hierarchical flower-like nanostructures of anatase TiO2 nanosheets dominated by {001} facets exhibit higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet–visible light irradiation, can be attributed to the synergetic effect of the architecture, high crystallinity, large specific surface areas, and the exposed highly activity {001} facets of the photocatalysts.

Titanium silicate-1 (TS-1) is a type of commercial titanium-containing Lewis acid zeolite used as a catalyst in environmentally-benign processes to produce epoxide from alkene. Activity, selectivity of targeted products and catalytic life are three key factors to evaluate the catalytic performance of the TS-1 catalyst. Here, we showed a highly active TS-1 catalyst and thereof low-cost synthetic method with the advantages of improving the active-titanium content, yield and reproducibility. The catalytic life is more than 360 minutes while only less than 20 minutes for TS-1 from conventional methods, leading to conversion of reactants more than twice as high as that of TS-1 synthesized by conventional methods. Both the conversion and catalytic life are the best among the current reported TS-1 zeolites for 1-hexene oxidation under similar reaction conditions.

Gelatin, as an amphoteric polyelectrolyte, can combine with cationic or anionic organic compounds by ionic bond. In this work, two binary quaternary ammonium salts have been prepared from 1,2-ethanediamine and 1,4-butanediamine. The viscosity of aqueous gelatin solution containing these two organic salts is studied systematically, which verifies the occurrence of the crosslinking between the gelatin and the binary quaternary ammonium salts. This crosslinking improves the thermal stability of the dried gelatin.

X-ray diffraction analysis is a convenient and important route to investigate crystalline materials. With powder materials, calcium carbonate as target, the effects of scatter slit, soller slit and receiving slit of Bruker D8 ADVANCE diffractometer on the diffraction pattern based on information, such as the background intensity, peak height, intensity and full width at half maximum, which provide the evidence for slits selection.

The urethane reaction of isocyanate was carried out with zirconium acetyl acetonate (Zr(acac)4) as catalyst. 1,2-Butanediol and 1,4-butanediol were used as model compounds to investigate the reaction kinetics. It was shown that hydroxyl groups in 1,2-butanediol appeared to have different reaction rate when reacting with phenyl isocyanate, which was labeled as kfast and kslow. It was very surprising that the reaction rate of 1,4-butanediol (kcon) was very similar to the value of kslow at the same temperature although there is only primary hydroxyl group in its molecule. Furthermore, activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH), and activation entropy (ΔS) for the reaction were calculated out, from which some catalytic properties of Zr(acac)4 were revealed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

Surfactants are widely used in the leather-making processes. The structure and property of surfactant obviously affect the quality and performance of leather. In this paper, a novel anionic surfactant, organosilicone modified sodium sulfonate of alkanolamide succinic acid monoester with palm oil was synthesized. Firstly palm oil was amidated with diethanolamine, then grafted with hydroxy-terminated silicone oil, esterified with maleic anhydride and sulphited with sodium bisulfite in sequence. The emulsification properties and fatliquoring performance of the prepared surfactant were tested. The influence of the mass percentage of reactants, the reaction temperature and time on the surface tension, the emulsifying activity and stability of the prepared surfactant were investigated. The FT-IR spectra analysis showed that under optimised conditions the novel surfactant was obtained. The fatliquoring application experiments showed that the novel surfactant is an excellent leather fatliquor.

A kind of conductive composite material for the bipolar plate of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was fabricated by the hot-pressure molding with graphite powders and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin powders. The influencing factors including PPS resin content, molding pressure and molding temperature, and temperature holding time on the conductivity, flexural strength and density of the composite were investigated. It was found that the perfect conditions for the fabrication of bipolar plate were that the PPS resin content was 25%wt, the forming pressure was 20 MPa, the mold temperature was 320°C and the holding time was 25 min.

A novel of carbazole derivatives containing –Si-OCH3 groups was successfully synthesized by reaction of carbazole with γ-chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane. By immobilizing the carbazole derivatives on a glass plate surface through the chemical reaction of -Si-OCH3 and -Si-OH, a novel photoinduced luminescence film sensors was prepared. The structures of carbazole derivatives was determined by means of 1H NMR and the film was characterized by fluorescence measurements, contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sensing performance of the functionalized glass sensor has been evaluated.

Nitrogen-modified cobalt-doped TiO2 materials were successfully prepared via a modified sol–gel method. The structure and properties of the catalysts were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, ultraviolet–visible light diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–Vis DRS), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The XRD patterns of the pure and co-doped TiO2 samples indicate that the predominant phase was anatase. The average grain size obtained from TEM was approximately 10 nm. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis results indicate that the specific surface area was 77.7 m2 g−1. The UV–Vis DRS results for the co-doped sample reveal an absorption edge that had been red-shifted to 500 nm. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated through photodegradation of papermaking wastewater under UV and visible light irradiation. Compared with the cobalt-doped TiO2 sample and Degussa P25, the 3 mol% N-doped mesoporous N/Co-TiO2 photocatalyst exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the N and Co co-doping.

Vesicle-like silica (VS) was prepared by utilizing cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a dual-template. The mesostructures of VS were characterized by N2adsorption-desorption isotherms, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that mean mesopore size of unilayer and multilayer VS was about 14 nm and shell thickness was nearly 6 nm. The VS was chosen as support for immobilization of Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) by physical adsorption. The immobilized PPL possessed excellent thermal stability and reusability in the hydrolysis reaction of triacetin in phosphate buffer solution.

Three new supramolecular complexes based on a 2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1 H -benzimidazole (Hpbi) and a series of Cd(II) salts have been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Reaction of CdCl 2 ·2.5H 2 O with Hpbi afforded a one-dimensional chain [Cd(Hpbi)Cl 2 ] ( 1 ), which exhibits a three-dimensional (3-D) supramolecular architecture through intermolecular X–H···Cl (X = N and C) hydrogen bonds and π – π stacking interactions. When using CdBr 2 ·4H 2 O instead of CdCl 2 ·2.5H 2 O under similar reaction conditions, a bisnuclear complex [Cd(Hpbi) 2 Br 2 ] ( 2 ) is obtained, which obviously exhibits intermolecular X–H···Br (X = N and C) hydrogen bonds and π – π stacking interactions. When CdI 2 take place of CdCl 2 ·2.5H 2 O, a mononuclear complex, [Cd(Hpbi) 2 I 2 ] ( 3 ), is isolated, which shows a 3D supramolecule framework formed by intermolecule hydrogen bonds and π – π packing interactions. Interestingly, the Hpbi ligand exhibits the same coordination modes in complexes 1 – 3 . It is noteworthy that the radius of anions plays an important role in affecting the structures and luminescent intensity of the final products. The TGA for 1 – 3 have been investigated and discussed in detail.

Ordered mesoporous SBA-15 was prepared by hydrothermal process and was functionalized with(3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) by post-synthesis-grafting method. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), small-angle X-ray powder diffraction (SAXRD), N2 adsorption-desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that SBA-15 had a 2-dimensional hexagonal p6mm mesoscopic structure and the mesoscopic structure was remained after the functionalization procedure. The activities of porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) immobilized in SBA-15 by physical adsorption and in APTES functionalized SBA-15 by chemical adsorption were studied by hydrolysis of triacetin. Chemically adsorbed PPL showed higher loading amount and catalytic activity comparing with physically adsorbed PPL. The stability of immobilized PPL against thermal and pH of reaction medium was significantly improved. Recycling experiments showed that chemically adsorbed PPL exhibited better reusability than physically adsorbed PPL.

Mesoporous silica (MPS) has been synthesized by using biodegradable gelatin and anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) as a dual-template. The mesostructures of MPS were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The MPS was chosen as support for immobilization of porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) by physical adsorption. The immobilizedPPL possessed good thermal stability and excellent reusability solution in hydrolysis reactions of triacetin in phosphate buffer. The results also indicated that the immobilized PPL maintained about 40% of its initial activity even after being reused six times.

A series of theoretical calculations were performed on thienyl-functionalized polysilanes in order to understand their geometries, excited state spectra, energy band structures, and adsorption stability onto Au (111) surfaces. The thienyl functionalization causes a significant red-shift of the electronic spectra of the oligosilanes, which is due to the maximum absorption energy resulting from σ → π* transition in oligo(methylthienylsilane) much lower than that from σ → σ* transition, and a great decrease of the σ → σ* transition energy in thienyl end-functionalized oligo(dimethylsilane). The thienyl substitution exerts a small effect on the band gap of the polysilane, and yet disturbs slightly the σ electronic delocalization. There exists a stable adsorption between thienyl-functionalized polysilanes and Au (111) surfaces through non-bonding interaction of thiophenes with Au.

In-situ FT-IR technique is used to investigate the polymerization of propylene oxide with potassium t-butoxide as initiator. The epoxy absorbance at 828 cm-1 is the most useful peaks to monitor the reaction. The absorbance of C-O-C stretching vibration at 1107 cm-1 is very strong and also very useful. Yet, the absorbance of C-H stretching vibration in 3000~2800 cm-1 region is very weak and not reliable for In-situ FT-IR analysis. By monitoring the consumption of propylene oxide, the polymerization rate constant k at 33°C was calculated out and an interesting auto acceleration phenomenon was discovered. Moreover, the chain-transfer process was analyzed by measuring the formation of C=C double bonds, which clarified a former confusion about the course of propylene oxide rearrangement.

In this study, the urethane reaction of several phenols with isocyanate was monitored with in-situ FT-IR. Reaction rate constants were calculated out to investigate the effect of substituents in phenols, as well as the polarity of different solvents. It showed that the polarity of solvents largely affected the reaction rate even without catalyst. The reactivity increased in the following order: Xylene < 1,4-Dioxane < Cyclohexanone. Furthermore, an electron-withdrawing substituent in phenols increased the reactivity of hydroxyl with isocyanate. The reason may be that the H-O bond in phenols could be easily polarized under the influence of electron-withdrawing substituent, where the hydrogen atom was more likely to attack the nitrogen atom of -NCO, thus the nucleophilic addition happened easier.

A new cobalt coordination polymer with linking unit 2-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)acetate (ima), [Co(ima)2] n (1), has been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The X-ray analysis indicates that a neutral 2-D coordination polymer with (3,6) topology was obtained, which shows a 3-D supramolecular network through C–H···O weak interactions. Complex 1 displays mild antimicrobial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans ATCC 2706, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Candida albicans ATCC 90028, respectively. The magnetic and thermal gravimetric properties for 1 have been investigated and discussed.

The free ligand, 2-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)acetate (Hima, 1), was crystallized from the mixture solution of 1. Two new coordination polymers, [Ag(Hima)(NO3)] (2) and {[Pb(Hima)2(NO3)](NO3)}n (3), are achieved by reaction of a flexible Hima, AgNO3 and Pb(NO3), respectively. In 2, the silver(I) atom is coordinated by four oxygen atoms from three carboxylate groups and one nitrate ion in a distorted tetrahedral environment. The free ligand Hima acts as the tridentate coordination mode, which bridges the silver atoms into a zigzag chain featuring a rare [Ag2(carboxylato-O,O′)(carboxylato-μ1,1-O)] six-membered ring. The intra-dimer Ag···Ag distance is 2.966(l) A. In 3, Pb(II) atom exhibits an eight-coordinated dodecahedral coordination geometry, in which a unique 1-D chain structure with dicubane-like can be observed. In two polymers, the ligand Hima exhibits new and unique coordination modes. Solid-state fluorescence spectra reveal that the emission bands of complex 2 center at 462 and 510 nm (λex = 280 nm). In 3, the emission peaks locate at 465 and 547 nm upon excitation at 280 nm. In addition, they have been characterized by IR spectra and TG analysis.

Two novel three-dimensional metal-coordination polymers [Cd2(L)4(μ2-X)(X)(H2O)]n [X = Cl (1) and Br (2)] have been solvothermally synthesized by the self-assembly of an unsymmetric bridging ligand, [L = 2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1H-benzoimidazole], and cadmium salts with different anions, respectively. The two complexes are isostructural and exhibit an acentric sqp-net, in which the cadmium ions act as unusual five-connected nodes. The induction of the flexible and unsymmetric ligand leads them to crystallize in a noncentrosymmetric polar packing arrangement, which displays a second harmonic generation response and ferroelectric behaviors.

The precipitation of calcium carbonate scale on heat transfer surfaces widely occurs in numerous industrial processes. For the control of calcium carbonate scale and in response to environmental guidelines, the new low phosphonic copolymer was prepared through reaction of maleic anhydride with sodium p-styrene sulfonate in water with redox system of hypophosphorous and hydrogen peroxide as initiator. The anti-scale property of the low phosphonic copolymer towards CaCO3 in the artificial cooling water was studied through static scale inhibition tests, and the effect on formation of CaCO3 was investigated with combination of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, respectively. The results showed that the low phosphonic copolymer was excellent calcium carbonate scale inhibitor in artificial cooling water. The crystallization of CaCO3 in the absence of inhibitor was rhombohedral calcite crystal, whereas a mixture of calcite with vaterite crystals was found in the presence of the low phosphonic copolymer. For actions of carboxyl and phosphonic acid groups, the calcite was inhibited and the metastable vaterite was stabilized in the presence of the low phosphonic copolymer during the CaCO3 formation process.

One new one-dimensional neutral coordination polymer [Zn(BTA)2(H2O)]n (1) was hydrothermally synthesized by the self-assembly of the flexible and unsymmetric bridging ligand, 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)acetic acid, and zinc nitrate. The induction of the unsymmetric ligand leads it to crystallize in non-centrosymmetric polar packing arrangement, which displays second harmonic generation response and ferroelectric behavior, which provides a new strategy for designing functional coordination compounds.

A new nickel coordination polymer was obtained from an unsymmetric building block 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione (HL6) and Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O-afforded [Ni(L6)2(H2O)2] n (1) with a (4,4) network. Complex 1 exhibits moderate antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Thermogravimetric data and magnetic moments for 1 have been investigated.

The title compound, [Sn4(CH3)8(C6H5N2O2)4O2]·6H2O, is a hydrated cluster containing four Sn atoms, built up by inversion symmetry around the central Sn2O2 ring. The Sn-atom coordination geometry might be regarded as very distorted SnO3C2 trigonal–bipyramidal or possibly as grossly distorted SnO3C2N octa­hedral. All the cluster non-H atoms, with the exception of the Sn-bonded methyl groups, lie on a mirror plane. Two of the water-mol­ecule O atoms have m site symmetry; the other occupies a twofold rotation axis.

The title compound, [Sn2Cl2(CH3)4(C6H5N2O2)2], forms infinite one-dimensional zigzag chains that propagate in a helical fashion along the c axis via an Sn—O=C—O—Sn—O bridge which involves the carboxylate groups of two methylpyrazinecarboxylate ligands. These display both chelating and bridging coordination behaviour. The asymmetric unit contains two Sn atoms; one adopts a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry, while the other is in a distorted pentagonal–bipyramidal configuration.

The title compound, C(34)H(40)N(2)O(4)·2C(3)H(7)NO, was synthesized by the Mannich condensation of ethane-diamine, formaldehyde and p-cresol. In the crystal, the tetra-phenol mol-ecule is arranged around an inversion center. The mol-ecule and the dimethyl-formamide solvate are linked through an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond. An intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs in the tetra-phenol mol-ecule, which may influence the mol-ecular confomation. Futhermore, C-H⋯O and π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.7081 (14) Å] stabilize the crystal packing, building a three-dimensional network.

In the title complex, [Sn(C7H6Cl)2(C7H13N2S2)Cl], the Sn atom is five-coordinate in a trigonal–bipyramidal geometry. One Sn—S bond is markedly longer than the other for the chelating dithiocarbamate ligand.

Dynamic transformation from a one-dimensional water tape (2T6(2)) with a boat conformation, one-dimensional water chain, to no water was observed in a benzoimidazole-based nonporous organic solid, which shows a non-linear optics and luminescence response upon one-dimensional water removal and uptake.

A series of benzimidazole-based salts, obtained through the reaction of 1-benzyl-2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole and inorganic acid, crystallize in the chiral P1 space group, which exhibit moderate second harmonic generation (SHG) responses and ferroelectric properties.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C25H20N4, the triazinyl ring is nearly coplanar with the planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.028 Å) phenylethenyl unit, the twist being only 5.8 (2)°; however, the planar carbazolyl unit (r.m.s. deviation = 0.008 Å) is twisted by 47.8 (1)° with respect to the phenylethenyl unit. The nonplanar nature of the molecule explains the phenomenon of light emission at short wavelengths in the solid state but at long wavelengths in solution.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Sn(C4H9)3(C6H4NO2)]n, consists of three butyl and one pyridine-3-carboxyl­ate groups bonded to the Sn atom in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry. In the crystal structure, these units are linked to form an infinite one-dimensional polymeric chain structure. In one n-butyl chain three C atoms are disordered over two sites, and in another two C atoms are disordered over two sites.