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BACKGROUND: In recent years, malignant tumors have gradually become one of the main causes of death for Chinese residents, of which lung cancer ranks first in both the incidence and mortality in China. OBJECTIVE: To mine the text of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical medical cases after data cleaning, analyze it, and study the experience of TCM doctors in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The applied approach was based on the data mining methods of decentralized and hierarchical system clustering of data from a drug and prescription database. This study involved 215 patients, 287 cases, and 147 types of clinical drugs. RESULTS: The data analysis of the clinical treatment of NSCLC in TCM showed that Erchen Decoction was the main method for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in clinical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Junjian recipes were close to each other, with Banzhilian, Lobelia, Shanci Mushroom, Hedyotis diffusa to anticancer and detoxify. CONCLUSION: This study analyzed the core TCM prescription for NSCLC by collecting the empirical essence and characteristics of specific medications. It has some guiding scientific significance for the clinical treatment of lung cancer.

We present a comprehensive mechanistic study on the highly tunable selectivity over Inx/ZrO2 catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation. By variation of the indium loading between 0.1 and 5 wt %, either an adm...

The mutual interaction of a microalga Chlorella vulgaris with four antibiotics viz. sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP), azithromycin (AZI), and levofloxacin (LEV) individually and in mixture was studied in batch culture. SMX, TMP, and LEV stimulated algal growth, while AZI inhibited its growth. The Combination Index (CI)-isobologram indicated antagonism of the antibiotic mixture on the growth of C. vulgaris. Higher removal efficiency was observed in the mixed antibiotic than in the single antibiotic batch cultures. Biodegradation was the main antibiotic removal mechanism with a similar antibiotic biosorption pattern in single and mix antibiotic cultures. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry showed minor biochemical alterations on algal cells surface and a stable algal population. Monod kinetics model was successfully applied to understand the growth with respect to the removal efficiency of C. vulgaris in single and mix antibiotic batch cultures. Results indicated relatively higher specific growth rate in the mix antibiotic batch culture with removal efficiency in the order of SMX LEV TMP AZI. In total, 46 metabolites with 18 novel ones of the four antibiotics were identified by using high-resolution mass spectrometry based on the suspect screening approach to propose the potential transformation pathways. Most of the transformation products demonstrated lower toxicity than their respective parents. These findings implied that C. vulgaris could be an outstanding candidate for advanced treatment of antibiotic removal in wastewater.

CeO2 nanorods supported Co–CoOx catalysts showed high selectivity for higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) from syngas. The selectivity has found to increase with lowering the Co loadings, and the value over Co1/CeO2 (19.86%) is twice higher than that over Co5/CeO2 (8.67%). The active sites at the interfaces between Co0 and CoOx, or to say, Co–CoOx pairs, have evidenced to be responsible for HAS. The strong metal–support interactions between Co and CeO2 retard the reduction of CoOx and stabilize the intermediates such as CO–Coδ+. Likely, CO favors dissociating on the metallic Co surface to form CHx species, while CO is associatively activated on Coδ+ sites. Moreover, the structure evolution of the Co–CoOx interface was revealed during calcination, reduction, and reaction using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), in situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (CO-DRIFTS). The structure–performance relationship of HAS over Co/C...

Here we report a facile low-temperature solvothermal method by using Li-dissolved ethanediamine to prepare uniform hydrogenated blue H-TiO2–x with wide spectrum response. H-TiO2–x possesses a distinct crystalline core–amorphous shell structure (TiO2@TiO2–x) with numerous oxygen vacancies and doped H in the amorphous shell. Efficient solar to chemical energy conversions, likely photocatalytic reduction of CO2, degradation of contaminants, and H2 generation from water splitting can be achieved over this blue titania. Notably, the optimized H-TiO2–x(200) shows high activity of CH4 formation at a rate of 16.2 μmol g–1 h–1 and a selectivity of 79% under full solar irradiation. The kinetic isotope effects measurements reveal that the cleavage of the C═O bond from CO2 rather than the O–H bond from H2O is the rate-determining step in CH4 formation. Meanwhile, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy shows the existence of the key intermediate CO2– species. The formation of intermediate ...

Global mining of rare earth elements (REEs) has increased exponentially because of their modern technologies' applications. The recovery of REEs from secondary sources such as industrial wastewater and industrial sludge can reduce the radioactive wastes and greenhouse gases generated during their mining and processing, as well as numerous environmental pollutions from REEs commercial products. In this work, β-cyclodextrin hybrid (P-CDP@Fe3O4) was functionalized with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl (PC88A) doped in silica. The synthesized composite, namely PCDP-M-SHM, performed better toward recovering REEs. The quantitative desorption of adsorbed REEs using dilute acidic solutions was achieved over five cycles without degradation in composite performance. More importantly, PCDP-M-SHM was found to selectively purify REEs from synthetic solutions and industrial wastewater in a continuous adsorption process with enrichment factors ranging from 10 to 30. Finally, the separation factor confirmed the effectiveness of PCDP-M-SHM to recover REEs from digested sludge with much higher distribution coefficients than coexisting elements. These results indicate that the synthesized adsorbent is a promising solution for REEs separation and purification from water.

Direct synthesis of H2O2 from H-2 and O-2 on Pd/TiO2 catalysts has been systematically studied to gain understanding of the origin of active sites. For the first time, the structure of Pd ensembles has been demonstrated to be finely tuned by the variation of Pd loading without change in the particle size. The structure of Pd/TiO2 catalysts has been thoroughly characterized using multiple techniques such as HRTEM, XRD, in situ DRIFTS, XPS, XANES, and EXAFS. With the variation of Pd loading in the range 1.0-5.0 wt%, the size (ca. 2.4 nm in diameter) and crystallinity of Pd particles have shown no discernible differences, while the surface configuration of Pd atoms changed significantly. Performance (a selectivity of 61% to H2O2 and a rate in TOF of 630 h(-1)) was optimal for a catalyst of 1.0 wt% Pd at 283 K and 1 atm using a semibatch reactor. We demonstrate that part of the surface Pd atoms can be oxidized (47.6% for 1.0 wt% Pd and 35.2% for 5.0 wt% Pd) by the adsorbed oxygen with the assistance of TiO2 even at 283 K, and form Pd-PdO ensembles. The electronic structure of the surface Pd atoms has proved to change dynamically in different atmospheres. We assume that H2O2 synthesis occurs at the interfaces of the Pd and PdO domains. In addition, the deep insight into the origin of active sites from this paper, as a case study, reminds us that the structure of active sites of support catalysts can be potentially tuned by varying the metal loading. (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

H 2 O 2 synthesis directly from H 2 and O 2 and side reactions in this system over a variety of Pd–Au/TiO 2 catalysts have been studied systemically. The effects of Pd/Au ratio on H 2 O 2 synthesis and subsequent H 2 O 2 hydrogenation were investigated. The catalysts were characterized using multiple techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy of CO adsorption (CO-DRIFTS), X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature-programmed desorption of H 2 /O 2 (H 2 -/O 2 -TPD). By detailed analysis of these spectroscopies and the kinetics of this reaction, new insights into various active sites of Pd upon alloying with Au were elaborated. Pd monomer surrounded by Au atoms could be the primary active site for H 2 O 2 formation. In addition, Pd ensembles were assumed to be more active for H 2 O 2 hydrogenation than monomeric Pd sites; the over-oxidation of H 2 to H 2 O likely occurred at the interface between Au and TiO 2 .

With the considerable development of city bus system, people have been troubled by the scarcity of city bus, traffic jam and inaccuracies of stations speaker system. Based on the problems, the simulation system implements accurate positioning of the buses by using multiple wireless modules for wireless communication and applying SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer) to be the central data processing unit.

— An array of WRGB (white, red, green, and blue) LEDs used as a spot-lighting fixture with zoom capabilities has been developed. The array of WRGB LEDs are packaged inside a light tunnel for color mixing. A zoom lens at the exit of the tunnel projects light through a diffuser film that is used to eliminate the virtual spot phenomenon generated by the light tunnel. Three different position arrangements of the individual WRGB elements in the LED array are discussed, and the optimized arrangement can produce a uniform color light pattern with a 83% optical efficiency when a diffuser film with a 70% transmission haze is used. Through the use of projection zoom lenses, the experimental lighting fixture has a selectable illumination full angle from 20 to 60° with 6000-lm output and 20.97 lm/W of power consumption, enabling its use in many outdoor commercial lighting applications such as a concert or highlighting a building exterior.

The zoom-able spot lighting fixture using WRGB LED is proposed. The fixture is divided into 2 parts, WRGB LED light source and the projection zoom lenses. The WRGB LED position arrangement is optimized to product more uniform colorful output and decrease the loading of the diffuser film. with the projection zoom lenses, the fixture have the divergent angle from 10 to 30 degree and 3000 lumens output which is useful in plaza or spot lighting.