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With the growing demand for sustainable development, tobacco stalks, as a resource-rich and low-cost renewable resource, hold the potential for producing high-value chemicals and materials within a circular economy. Due to the complex and unique structure of tobacco stalk biomass, traditional methods are ineffective in its utilization, making the pretreatment of tobacco stalk lignocellulose a crucial step in obtaining high-value products. This paper reviews recent advancements in various pretreatment technologies for tobacco stalk lignocellulosic biomass, including hydrothermal, steam explosion, acid, alkaline, organic solvent, ionic liquid, and deep eutectic solvent pretreatment. It emphasizes the impact and efficiency of these pretreatment methods on the conversion of tobacco stalk biomass and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Finally, the paper forecasts future research directions in the pretreatment of tobacco stalk lignocellulose, providing new insights and methods for enhancing its efficient utilization.

Galinsoga parviflora is an invasive weed in southwest of Chinese agricultural systems and commonly used as medicine and food. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of the G. parviflora was assembled from the whole genome Illumina sequencing data. The circular genome is 151,811 bp in size, which composed of one large single-copy (LSC) and one small single-copy (SSC) regions of 83,594 bp and 18,141 bp, respectively, and separated by a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,038 bp each. It encodes a total of 113 gene species (80 protein-coding, 29 tRNA, and four rRNA species), in which 19 of them with double copies. The overall GC content is 37.7% while the GC content of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 35.8%, 31.3%, and 43.1%, separately. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Galinsoga parviflora was closely related to Galinsoga quadriradiata.

The complete chloroplast genome of Conyza canadensis (GenBank accession number: MK737940) was obtained by using Illumina HiSeq X Ten in this study. The circular Conyza canadensis chloroplast genome is 152,721 bp long and comprises of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,004 bp each, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,280 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,433 bp. The complete chloroplast genome contains 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and 4rRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis of the protein-coding genes revealed that Conyza canadensis was closely related to Conyza bonariensis.

Pueraria montana var. lobata is a traditional Chinese herb with various medicinal purposes. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of the P. montana var. lobata was obtained by using Illumina HiSeq X Ten. The chloroplast genome was 153,411 bp long, which consisted of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84, 131 bp and a short single-copy (SSC) region of 17,990 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,645 bp. The whole chloroplast genome contained 111 gene species including 77 protein-coding genes (PCG), 30 tRNA, and 4 rRNA species, with 19 of them occurring in double copies. Introns were detected in 12 PCG and 6 tRNA species. The overall GC content is 35.4%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that P. montana var. lobata was relatively close to Pachyrhizus erosus in phylogeny.

The complete chloroplast genome of Aesculus chinensis was obtained with Illumina HiSeq X Ten. The chloroplast genome is 155,528 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,656 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,489 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,727 bp. It contains 115 genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 31 transfer RNAs, and four ribosomal RNAs. The total GC content is 37.9%, whereas the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 36.1%, 31.8%, and 43.2%, separately. Phylogenetic analysis of the protein-coding genes showed a close relationship with Aesculus wangii in Hippocastanaceae.