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Soil moisture is the core of the hydrological cycle in agroecosystems, and most of the studies on soil moisture dynamics modeling adopt deterministic research methods, which are not well suited to study the hydrological processes in agricultural fields under changing conditions. Therefore, the present study adopts a stochastic approach to reveal the distribution characteristics of soil moisture in agroecosystems under the effects of soil, climate, vegetation, and other influencing factors. Using soil moisture and precipitation data and based on a stochastic model of soil moisture dynamics, the point-scale soil moisture dynamic characteristics and soil moisture probability density function of farmland systems in the Songnen Plain region were investigated. The soil moisture of maize in the study area showed a certain degree of stochasticity, and the curve characteristics of the probability density function of soil moisture p(s) obtained from the simulation were very close to those of the measured p(s). It shows that the stochastic model can effectively simulate the probability density function of soil moisture in the study area, which can provide a theoretical basis and scientific method for efficiently using soil and water resources in the area.

Abstract The climate and land use changes caused by the natural environment and socioeconomic development have potential impacts on the green and sustainable development of agriculture. To accommodate agricultural production under multiple scenarios of future climate and land‐use change, this study proposes a “simulation–optimization” modeling approach based on a crop growth model with a synergistic “carbon emission–economic benefit” approach. This approach is based on climate change conditions and it accurately simulates future land use changes and crop growth processes, establishes a carbon emission intensity optimization model, and generates a spatial planting structure optimization and regulation scheme based on intelligent optimization algorithms under changing scenarios. The results of the model application show that the planting structure option in the future scenario can increase economic benefit by up to 14.8% compared to the current scenario while simultaneously reducing total greenhouse gas emissions by 6.77%. Correlation analysis of planting area, irrigation water volume, carbon intensity value and unilateral water use efficiency can be used to obtain the coordination level of each county under different regulation scenarios. This “simulation–optimization” modeling approach provides an effective approach to achieve synergistic and coordinated development of regional agricultural benefits and carbon reduction by fine‐tuning the planting structure, which promotes low‐carbon and high‐quality development of regional agriculture.

To uncover the security aspects of the Water-Energy-Food-Nexus (WEFN) and develop innovative methods for evaluating its security, we initially utilize the coefficient of variation-cumulative information contribution rate (COV-CICR) model to select assessment metrics. This approach ensures a well-suited set of indicators for assessing the security of the WEFN. Subsequently, the WEFN security assessment model is developed by utilizing a random forest model that has been fine-tuned with the aquila optimizer. To illustrate this model's application, we use the example of the Hongxinglong branch of China's Beidahuang Farming Group Co., Ltd. The study conducted a detailed analysis of the spatiotemporal variations in the security of the WEFN (Water-Energy-Food Nexus) system across 12 subsidiary farms. Furthermore, it identified key driving factors and elucidated their mechanisms by accounting for data fluctuations. The research included calculating the contribution index of these key driving factors to accurately determine the dominant factors under varying conditions. The results indicate that over time, the WEFN security level in the study trended upward. From 2002–2008, the WEFN security level slowly increased. From 2009–2018, WEFN security remained stable. From 2018–2021, the security level rapidly accelerated. Spatially, the WEFN security in the southern region is lower than that in the northern region, while the central region’s security remained stable. The primary controlling factors for WEFN security also vary at different scales. In comparison to the BP, RF, and PSO-RF models, the AO-RF model demonstrates outstanding advantages in terms of fitting performance, reliability, reasonableness, and stability. This fully supports the applicability of the AO-RF model in WEFN security assessment. The research findings enrich the integrated application of intelligent optimization and machine learning in WEFN studies, introduce a novel analytical model for WEFN security drivers, and expand our understanding of the new mechanisms underlying WEFN security operations.

Summary: Background: Endovascular therapy (EVT) was demonstrated effective in acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) with large infarction. Revealing subgroups of patients who would or would not benefit from EVT will further inform patient selection for EVT. Methods: This post-hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial, a randomised controlled trial of 456 adult patients with acute anterior-circulation LVO and large infarction, defined by ASPECTS 3–5 or infarct core volume 70–100 mL, enrolled from 46 centres across China, between October 2, 2020 and May 18, 2022. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receiving EVT and medical management or medical management alone. One patient withdrew consent, 455 patients were included in this post-hoc analysis and categorised into 4 subgroups by lower or higher NIHSS (< or ≥16) and smaller or larger infarct core (< or ≥70 mL). Those with lower NIHSS & smaller core, and higher NIHSS & larger core were considered clinical-radiological matched subgroups; otherwise clinical-radiological mismatched subgroups. Primary outcome was 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). ANGEL-ASPECT is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04551664. Findings: Overall, 139 (30.5%) patients had lower NIHSS & smaller core, 106 (23.3%) higher NIHSS & larger core, 130 (28.6%) higher NIHSS & smaller core, and 80 (17.6%) lower NIHSS & larger core. There was significant ordinal shift in the 90-day mRS toward a better outcome with EVT in clinical-radiological matched subgroups: lower NIHSS & smaller core (generalised OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18–2.62; p = 0.01) and higher NIHSS & larger core (1.64; 1.06–2.54; 0.01); but not in the two clinical-radiological mismatched subgroups. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that in patients with anterior-circulation LVO and large infarction, EVT was associated with improved 90-day functional outcomes in those with matched clinical and radiological severities, but not in those with mismatched clinical and radiological severities. Simultaneous consideration of stroke severity and infarct core volume may inform patient selection for EVT. Funding: Unrestricted grants from industry [Covidien Healthcare International Trading (Shanghai), Johnson & Johnson MedTech, Genesis MedTech (Shanghai), and Shanghai HeartCare Medical Technology].

Integrated water and fertilizer management is important for promoting sustainable development of facility agriculture, and biochar plays an important role in guaranteeing food production, as well as alleviating water shortages and the overuse of fertilizers. The field experiment had twelve treatments and a control (CK) trial including two irrigation amounts (I1, 100% ETm; I2, 60% ETm; where ETm is the maximum evapotranspiration), two nitrogen applications (N1, 360 kg ha–1; N2, 120 kg ha–1) and three biochar application levels (B1, 60 t ha–1; B2, 30 t ha–1 and B3, 0 t ha–1). A multi-objective synergistic irrigation–nitrogen–biochar application system for improving tomato yield, quality, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and greenhouse emissions was developed by integrating the techniques of experimentation and optimization. First, a coupled irrigation–nitrogen–biochar plot experiment was arranged. Then, tomato yield and fruit quality parameters were determined experimentally to establish the response relationships between irrigation–nitrogen–biochar dosage and yield, comprehensive quality of tomatoes (TCQ), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN), and net greenhouse gas emissions (NGE). Finally, a multi-objective dynamic optimization regulation model of irrigation–nitrogen–biochar resource allocation at different growth stages of tomato was constructed which was solved by the fuzzy programming method. The results showed that the application of irrigation and nitrogen to biochar promoted increase in yield, IWUE and PFPN, while it had an inhibitory effect on NGE. In addition, the optimal allocation amounts of water and fertilizer were different under different scenarios. The yield of the S1 scenario increased by 8.31% compared to the B1I1N2 treatment; TCQ of the S2 scenario increased by 5.14% compared to the B2I2N1 treatment; IWUE of the S3 scenario increased by 10.01% compared to the B1I2N2 treatment; PFPN of the S4 scenario increased by 9.35% compared to the B1I1N2 treatment; and NGE of the S5 scenario decreased by 11.23% compared to the B2I1N1 treatment. The optimization model showed that the coordination of multiple objectives considering yield, TCQ, IWUE, PFPN, and NGE increased on average from 4.44 to 69.02% compared to each treatment when the irrigation–nitrogen–biochar dosage was 205.18 mm, 186 kg ha–1 and 43.31 t ha–1, respectively. This study provides a guiding basis for the sustainable management of water and fertilizer in greenhouse tomato production under drip irrigation fertilization conditions.

This study focused on the modification of lentinan (LNT) and its degradation product, dLNT, through the nitric acid-sodium selenite method, resulting in the synthesis of 4 distinct seleno-polysaccharide (Se-LNTs). The selenium moiety was found to be connected to the C6 position of LNT in the form of selenate. The selenization process led to a notable reduction in molecular weight and an augmentation in chain rigidity. As the molecular weight decreased and chain rigidity increased, the cellular uptake of Se-LNT diminished. Additionally, the uptake pathway transitioned from macropinocytosis to caveolin-mediated endocytosis (CVME). In vitro cell experiments showed that all four Se-LNTs showed obvious anti-tumor activity, and Se-LNT-2 had higher selenium content and cellular uptake rate, showing better inhibitory effect. Furthermore, Se-LNTs were observed to induce a substantial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCT116 cells. The excessive ROS levels triggered mitochondrial peroxidation damage, escalating mitochondrial inner membrane permeability. This cascade event eventually led to the activation of caspase-3, ultimately leading to apoptosis in HCT116 cells and substantiating the anti-tumor effects of Se-LNTs. The comprehensive investigation into the structural modifications, cellular uptake mechanisms and biological activities of Se-LNTs underscores their potential as promising agents for anti-tumor applications.

Abstract To investigate the relationship of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms with patients’ age and sex, vascular angles at the bifurcation, and diameters of the M1 and two M2 arteries, patients with and without MCA aneurysms were retrospectively enrolled. The lateral angles, MCA bifurcation angle and arterial diameter were measured and analyzed. Totally, 121 (19.0%) patients with and 517 (81.0%) without MCA aneurysms were enrolled. Most (n = 88 or 72.7%) aneurysms were present in the age range of 40–70 years, and significantly (P = 0.01) more women than men had the bifurcation aneurysms. The MCA bifurcation angle was significantly greater (149.2° ± 32.6° vs. 107.2° ± 26.3°; P

Background: Previous single-center studies have demonstrated that drug-coated balloons (DCBs) may reduce restenosis rates, which is an important factor affecting the prognosis for intracranial interventional therapy. However, currently available cardiac DCBs are not always suitable for the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel DCB catheter designed for patients with severely symptomatic ICAS. Methods: This prospective, multicenter, single-arm, target-value clinical trial was conducted in 9 Chinese stroke centers to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel DCB catheter for treating symptomatic severe ICAS. Primary metrics and other indicators were collected and analyzed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Results: A total of 155 patients were enrolled in this study. The preliminary collection of follow-up data has been completed, while data quality control is ongoing. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated the patency rate, safety, and effectiveness of a novel on-label paclitaxel DCB designed for the treatment of ICAS. Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100047223. Registered June 11, 2021-Prospective registration, https://www.chictr.org.cn/ChiCTR2100047223.

Abstract To investigate the effect of endovascular and/or hybrid surgical recanalization on chronic long-segment occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the effect of occlusion location on the recanalization rate and prognosis, 87 patients with chronic ICA occlusion treated with endovascular approach only or hybrid surgery were retrospectively enrolled. The duration of ICA occlusion ranged from 21 to 360 days (median 30). Type I occlusion (from the neck to below the cavernous segment) consisted of 46 (52.8%) patients while type II (from the neck to above the clinoid segment) of 41 (47.1%). Hybrid surgery was performed in 44 (50.6%) patients while endovascular recanalization only was conducted in the other 43 (49.4%). In all patients, the success rate of recanalization was 93.0% (40/43) for the endovascular approach and 95.5% for the hybrid surgical approach. In patients with type I occlusion, endovascular recanalization only was performed in 22 (47.8%) patients and hybrid surgery in 24 (52.2%), resulting in successful recanalization in all patients (100%). In patients with type II occlusion, the success rate of recanalization was 85.7% (18/21) for the endovascular approach only but 90% (18/20) for the hybrid surgery. The total success rate of recanalization was 94.3% (82/87) for all patients, 100% for type I occlusion, and 87.8% for type II occlusion. No significant (P = 0.12) differences existed in the recanalization rate between groups I and II. Clinical follow-up was performed in 82 (94.3%) patients 6–39 months (mean 16) after the surgery. Re-occlusion occurred in 0 in group I but in four (9.8%) in group II. The mRS was good with 0–2 in 38 (82.6%) patients in group I and in 27 (75%) patients in group II, with no significant (P = 0.78) difference. In conclusion, chronic long-segment ICA occlusion can be safely and efficiently recanalized with the endovascular and hybrid surgery. The location of ICA occlusion may have a critical role in determining the recanalization rate, and careful evaluation of the occlusion location may be helpful in increasing the prognosis of recanalization.

BackgroundIn some MMD patients, the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination found, occlusion in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery, accompanied by the formation of numerous moyamoya vessels. Conversely, the contralateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery shows signs of stenosis without the presence of moyamoya vessels. Notably, cerebral perfusion studies reveal a similar or even more severe reduction in perfusion on the occluded side compared to the stenotic side. Importantly, clinical symptoms in these patients are typically attributed to ischemia caused by the stenotic side. This condition is referred to as unstable moyamoya disease (uMMD).ObjectiveThis clinical research focuses on evaluating risk factors related to MMD and developing strategies to minimize postoperative complications. The study aims to analyze vascular characteristics and identify potential risk factors in patients with uMMD.MethodsThe authors reviewed consecutive cases with complete clinical and radiological documentation of patients who underwent surgery between January 2018 and June 2023. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to understand the risk factors and prognosis of postoperative complications in uMMD.ResultsPostoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed in 1481 patients (aged 14 to 65). Among them, 1,429 patients were assigned to the conventional treatment group, while 52 were in the unstable moyamoya disease group. The uMMD treatment group showed a significantly higher incidence of early postoperative complications such as RIND, cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage (p

Summary: Magnesium alloy is an excellent material for biodegradable cerebrovascular stents. However, the rapid degradation rate of magnesium alloy will make stent unstable. To improve the biocompatibility of magnesium alloy, in this study, biodegradable sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan (SA/CMCS) was used to coat onto hydrothermally treated the surface of magnesium alloy by a dipping coating method. The results show that the SA/CMCS coating facilitates the growth, proliferation, and migration of endothelial cells and promotes neovascularization. Moreover, the SA/CMCS coating suppresses macrophage activation while promoting their transformation into M2 type macrophages. Overall, the SA/CMCS coating demonstrates positive effects on the safety and biocompatibility of magnesium alloy after implantation, and provide a promising therapy for the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in the future.

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have great potential as biodegradable materials for medical device. However, their susceptibility to corrosion poses a significant challenge for practical applications. In this study, the poly(trimethylene carbonate)-dimethacrylate (PTMC-dMA) was employed as a coating material for ZE21B magnesium alloys. Upon UV irradiation, the PTMC-dMA macromer undergoes cross-linking to form a uniform PTMC coating with a thickness of approximately 5 μm, effectively protecting the magnesium alloy. The corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid (SBF) was evaluated through immersion testing, which showed minimal hydrogen generation (0.16 mL/cm2) during the initial 24-h period and slight corrosion observed on the PTMC-coated magnesium alloy surface after continuous immersion for 21 days. The silane coupling agent significantly enhanced the adhesive performance between the polymer and alloy. Micro-scratch tests revealed adhesion forces of 3.79 N and 5.75 N for coatings without and with the silane agent, respectively. Electrochemical tests also demonstrated the efficacy of silane treatment, showing corrosion currents of 2.100 × 108 A/cm2 for silane-treated samples compared 6.263 × 107 A/cm2 for untreated ones. Given its exceptional tensile and protective properties, this coated material is ideal for intricate bioresorbable applications, like endovascular bioresorbable stents.

Due to the influence of snow cover and soil freeze–thaw processes in the early spring, the characteristics of spring drought in cold regions are different from those in other regions. This paper takes Qiqihar, a cold and semiarid grain production area in Northeast China, as the study area. Based on factors such as snow cover in the early spring period and precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture during the spring sowing period, a projection pursuit model with analysis of variance (ANOVA PPM) was used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of regional spring drought. For the ANOVA PPM, based on the grouping of the projection points, local aggregation is measured by the mean square within groups, and overall dispersion is measured by the mean square between groups, thus achieving comparability and balance between overall dispersion and local aggregation. The spatial analysis of spring drought showed that, from a spatial perspective, there were significant spatial differences in spring drought in different subregions, and spring drought was closely related to latitude, with significant differences occurring at different latitudes. The northern region is relatively light, while the central and southern regions are more severe. From a temporal perspective, there are significant differences in spring droughts between different decades (1980 s, 1990 s, 2000 s and 2010 s). Overall, spring drought first intensifies and then decreases.

Excessive heavy metal content in soil can seriously hinder plant physiological metabolism and growth. This study, with soybean, examined how drip irrigation reduced heavy metal toxicity. The drip irrigation experiments with four irrigation frequencies were conducted by controlling the lower limit of the soil matric potential (D1: −10 kPa; D2: −20 kPa; D3: −30 kPa; D4: −40 kPa). Through comparison with traditional surface irrigation, the effects of drip irrigation on heavy metal distribution, soybean growth status, physiological metabolism and transcriptome under Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) composite pollution were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that (i) The Cd, Pb and Cr(IV) in soil migrated away from the plant under drip irrigation, thereby reducing the inhibition of heavy metal stress on soybean growth at the root, among which D1 had the best improvement effect on soybean growth. (ii) Drip irrigation improved the resistance of soybean to heavy metal stress, and promoted the transport and fixation of free Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cr6+ in cells, thereby reducing the damage of oxidative stress and heavy metal ions to cell structure. (iii) Drip irrigation was conducive to the energy supply and protein stability of cell physiological metabolism, which helped the improvement of soybean physiological activity. Overall, compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation reduced the toxicity of heavy metals to soybeans by moving heavy metals out of the root zone and enhancing physiological activity. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of drip irrigation technology in the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, and provide a new strategy for the safe production of agriculture.

Abstract Background Oligodendroglioma is known for its relatively better prognosis and responsiveness to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, little is known about the evolution of genetic changes as oligodendroglioma progresses. Methods In this study, we evaluated gene evolution invivo during tumor progression based on deep whole‐genome sequencing data (ctDNA). We analyzed longitudinal genomic data from six patients during tumor evolution, of which five patients developed distant recurrence. Results Whole‐exome sequencing demonstrated that the rate of shared mutations between the primary and recurrent samples was relatively low. In two cases, even well‐known major driver mutations in CIC and FUBP1 that were detected in primary tumors were not detected in the relapse samples. Among these cases, two patients had a conversion from the IDH mutation in the originating state to the IDH1 wild state during the process of gene evolution under chemotherapy treatment, indicating that the cell phenotype and genetic characteristics of oligodendroglioma may change during tumor evolution. Two patients received long‐term temozolomide (TMZ) treatment before the operation, and we found that recurrence tumors harbored mutations in the PI3K/AKT and Sonic hedgehog (SHh) signaling pathways. Hypermutation occurred with mutations in MMR genes in one patient, contributing to the rapid progression of the tumor. Conclusion Oligodendroglioma displayed great spatial and temporal heterogeneity during tumor evolution. The PI3K/AKT and SHh signaling pathways may play an important role in promoting treatment resistance and distant relapse during oligodendroglioma evolution. In addition, there was a tendency to increase the degree of tumor malignancy during evolution. Distant recurrence may be a later event duringoligodendroglioma progression. ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT05512325.

Abstract Background and purpose The CATCH (Coil Application Trial in China) trial was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the Numen Coil Embolization System in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in comparison with the Axium coil (ev3/Medtronic). Although the endovascular treatment of small (

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a transmesenteric vein extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TmEPS) for the treatment of cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV). Materials and methods: The clinical data of 20 patients with CTPV who underwent TmEPS between December 2020 and January 2022 ​at Henan Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively collected. The superior mesenteric vein (SMV) trunk was patent or partially occluded in these patients. An extrahepatic portosystemic shunt between the inferior vena cava and the SMV was established using a stent graft through an infraumbilical median longitudinal mini-laparotomy. The technical success, efficacy, and complication rates were evaluated, and the pre- and postoperative SMV pressures were compared. Patients' clinical outcomes and shunt patency were assessed. Results: TmEPS was successfully performed in 20 patients. The initial puncture success rate of the balloon-assisted puncture technique is 95%. The mean SMV pressure decreased from 29.1 ​± ​2.9 ​mmHg to 15.6 ​± ​3.3 ​mmHg (p ​

ABSTRACT: An acidic extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) was gained from Stropharia rugosoannulata fermentation broth by the alcohol precipitate method. Sulfated derivative of EPS (S-EPS) was gained by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method and the conditions were as follows: pyridine as the reaction solvent, temperature 80 °C, and reaction time 90 min. The chemical structure and chain conformation of EPS and S-EPS were characterized by FT-IR, NMR and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) detection. FT-IR spectra indicated the sulfated group was linked to the polymer. The EPS mainly consists of mannose, glucose and glucuronic acid, and the glycosidic bond type is mainly (1→4)-linked and (1→6)-linked. C6 and C2 were substituted by sulfate groups. The EPS was degraded into smaller molecular weight (Mw) polysaccharides with the larger molecular size (Rg) after sulfation and S-EPS has better hydrophilicity. Moreover, the sulfated derivative S-EPS was found to have a better scavenging ability on hydroxyl radicals than EPS. It proved that the chemical modification of S. rugosoannulata polysaccharides by sulfation effectively enhanced their antioxidant activity.

Abstract To investigate the effect and safety of recanalization surgery for non-acute occlusion of large intracranial arteries and factors affecting clincial outcomes. Patients with non-acute occlusion of internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) treated with recanalization were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical and angiographic data were analyzed. 177 patients were enrolled, including 67 patients with intracranial ICA occlusion, 52 with MCA occlusion, and 58 with VBA occlusion. Successful recanalization was achieved in 152 (85.9%) patients. Complications occurred in 15 patients (8.5%). Followed up for 3–7 months, the 90 day mRS was significantly improved compared with that before the procedure. Among 152 patients with successful recanalization, eight patients experienced reocclusion (5.3%), and 11 patients experienced restenosis (7.2%). Successful recanalization was significantly (P

Abstract Background Autophagy plays an important role in the progression of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). This study aimed to identify hub autophagy-related genes (ATGs) associated with CAS. Methods GSE43292 and GSE28829 datasets of early and advanced CAS plaques were enrolled from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed ATGs (DE-ATGs) was conducted. Functional enrichment assay was used to explore biological functions of DE-ATGs. The hub ATGs were identified by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to validate hub ATGs at the protein level and mRNA level. Correlation analysis of hub ATGs with immune cells was also conducted. In addition, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed, and diagnostic value of hub ATGs was evaluated. Results A total of 19 DE-ATGs were identified in early and advanced CAS plaques. Functional enrichment analysis of DE-ATGs suggested that they were closely correlated to autophagy, apoptosis, and lipid regulation. Moreover, 5 hub ATGs, including TNFSF10, ITGA6, CTSD, CCL2, and CASP1, were identified and further verified by IHC. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the 5 hub ATGs were 0.818, 0.732, 0.792, 0.814, and 0.812, respectively. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks targeting the hub ATGs were also constructed. In addition, the 5 hub ATGs were found to be closely associated with immune cell infiltration in CAS. Conclusion In this study, we identified 5 hub ATGs including CASP1, CCL2, CTSD, ITGA6 and TNFSF10, which could serve as candidate diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Soil heavy metal pollution seriously endangers the soil ecological environment and food safety production. In this study, drip irrigation tests with four irrigation frequencies were conducted by controlling the lower limit of the soil matric potential (D1: −10 kPa; D2: −20 kPa; D3: −30 kPa; D4: −40 kPa). Through comparison with traditional surface irrigation, the effect of drip irrigation on the root zone soil environment under heavy metal pollution and the mechanism through which drip irrigation influences soybean heavy metal enrichment characteristics were explored. The conclusions are as follows. (i) Drip irrigation can improve the root zone soil environment of soybean under combined Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) pollution and is conducive to the recovery of bacterial community structure. (ii) Compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation reduced the contents of Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) in the root zone soil, with maximum reductions of 34.88% (D1), 31.35% (D2) and 34.20% (D2), respectively. (iii) Drip irrigation increased the accumulation of Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) in soybean. However, compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation changed the distribution of Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) in soybean organs so that more Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) were stored in roots and significantly less Cd and Cr(VI) were stored in seeds, with maximum reductions of 16.62% (D2) and 19.49% (D2), respectively. These results can be used to develop a new strategy for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution.

Summary: The evolutionary trajectories of genomic alterations underlying distant recurrence in glioma remain largely unknown. To elucidate glioma evolution, we analyzed the evolutionary trajectories of matched pairs of primary tumors and relapse tumors or tumor in situ fluid (TISF) based on deep whole-genome sequencing data (ctDNA). We found that MMR gene mutations occurred in the late stage in IDH-mutant glioma during gene evolution, which activates multiple signaling pathways and significantly increases distant recurrence potential. The proneural subtype characterized by PDGFRA amplification was likely prone to hypermutation and distant recurrence following treatment. The classical and mesenchymal subtypes tended to progress locally through subclonal reconstruction, trunk genes transformation, and convergence evolution. EGFR and NOTCH signaling pathways and CDNK2A mutation play an important role in promoting tumor local progression. Glioma subtypes displayed distinct preferred evolutionary patterns. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05512325.

Background and purpose: Stent retriever thrombectomy is the standard therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke with acute large-vessel occlusion. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new thrombectomy device (Skyflow) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods: After an arterial occlusion model was established, stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and autopsy were carried out immediately after thrombectomy in six animals in the acute experimental group. Simulated stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed for three animals in the subacute experimental group, and follow-up angiography and vascular pathological examination were assessed 90 days after the operation. In the clinical trial, 192 patients with intracranial anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, within 8 ​h of symptom onset, were included to undergo thrombectomy with either Skyflow or Solitaire FR stent retriever. Efficacy and safety endpoints were recorded (including successful reperfusion, favorable clinical outcomes, time from puncture to reperfusion, instrument operation success rates and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 7 days for efficacy endpoints, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and all-cause mortality rates for safety endpoints). Results: All blood vessels achieved successful recanalization in the animal models. In the clinical trial, successful recanalization was attained in 88.4% of patients of the Skyflow group, which was comparable to that of the Solitaire FR group (82.5%) in the full analysis set of the clinical trial. There were no severe complications on DSA, an animal autopsy, or vessel pathological examination in animal experiments. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Skyflow and Solitaire FR groups in the clinical trial regarding the safety endpoints. Conclusion: This study showed that the new Skyflow stent retriever is safe and effective for the treatment of acute large vessel occlusion, as demonstrated in our animal study and human trial.

Abstract Microbial communities in tomb soil change during archaeological excavation, and these changes can accelerate the deterioration of buried heritage. In this study, a high-throughput sequencing method was used to analyze the soil microbial diversity of tomb M88 from the Sujialong Cultural Property after careful excavation in the laboratory. The phylum of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Ascomycota predominated in the tomb soil, and the dominant genera, Pseudarthrobacter, Penicillium, and Cladosporium, showed the potential to degrade residual relics in the tomb soil. These findings will help to explore the process of microbial degradation in buried heritage during long-term archaeological excavation and improve careful excavation procedures in the laboratory for further conservation. Additionally, numerous plant species were identified in the tomb soil, and most of the plants belonged to the native vegetation species. However, the identified dominant species, Glycine, Angelica, and Hippophae, should be from residual heritage rather than native species, which may provide clues for the study of funeral customs and cultural exchange in the Zeng State.

Our previous study reported that Saccharomyces cerevisiae could induce calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation, but the associated mechanism was unclear. In the present study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultured under various conditions, including the presence of different organic acids and initial pH, and the yields of CaCO3 formation induced by the different organic acids were compared. The metabolism of organic acid by the metabolites of S. cerevisiae was also assessed in vitro. The SEM-EDS and XRD results showed that only acetate acid, pyruvic acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid could induce CaCO3 formation, and the weight order of the produced CaCO3 was pyruvic acid, acetate acid, α-ketoglutaric acid. In addition, the presence of only yeast metabolites and the initial neutral or alkaline environment also limited the CaCO3 formation. These results illustrated that organic acid oxidation intracellularly, especially the tricarboxylic acid cycle, was the major mechanism, and the CaCO3 yield was related to the amount of CO2 produced by the metabolism of organic acids. These findings will deepen the knowledge of the mineralization capacity of S. cerevisiae and provide a theoretical basis for the future application of yeast as an alternative microorganism in MICP.

Acquired peripheral hearing loss in midlife is considered the primary modifiable risk factor for dementia, while the underlying pathological mechanism remains poorly understood. Excessive noise exposure is the most common cause of acquired peripheral hearing loss in modern society. This study was designed to investigate the impact of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) on cognition, with a focus on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region that is involved in both auditory and cognitive processes and is highly affected in patients with cognitive impairment. Adult C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned to a control group and seven noise groups: 0HPN, 12HPN, 1DPN, 3DPN, 7DPN, 14DPN, and 28DPN, which were exposed to broadband noise at a 123 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for 2 h and sacrificed immediately (0 h), 12 h, or 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days post-noise exposure (HPN, DPN), respectively. Hearing assessment, behavioral tests, and neuromorphological studies in the mPFC were performed in control and 28DPN mice. All experimental animals were included in the time-course analysis of serum corticosterone (CORT) levels and mPFC microglial morphology. The results illustrated that noise exposure induced early-onset transient serum CORT elevation and permanent moderate-to-severe hearing loss in mice. 28DPN mice, in which permanent NIHL has been verified, exhibited impaired performance in temporal order object recognition tasks concomitant with reduced structural complexity of mPFC pyramidal neurons. The time-course immunohistochemical analysis in the mPFC revealed significantly higher morphological microglial activation at 14 and 28 DPN, preceded by a remarkably higher amount of microglial engulfed postsynaptic marker PSD95 at 7 DPN. Additionally, lipid accumulation in microglia was observed in 7DPN, 14DPN and 28DPN mice, suggesting a driving role of lipid handling deficits following excessive phagocytosis of synaptic elements in delayed and sustained microglial abnormalities. These findings provide fundamentally novel information concerning mPFC-related cognitive impairment in mice with NIHL and empirical evidence suggesting the involvement of microglial malfunction in the mPFC neurodegenerative consequences of NIHL.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. The disease presents with various manifestations that can vary in severity and long-term outcomes. Previous efforts have contributed to the development of effective strategies for treatment and prevention by uncovering the mechanism of viral infection. We now know all the direct protein-protein interactions that occur during the lifecycle of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is critical to move beyond these known interactions to a comprehensive understanding of the "full interactome" of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which incorporates human microRNAs (miRNAs), additional human protein-coding genes, and exogenous microbes. Potentially, this will help in developing new drugs to treat COVID-19, differentiating the nuances of long COVID, and identifying histopathological signatures in SARS-CoV-2-infected organs. To construct the full interactome, we developed a statistical modeling approach called MLCrosstalk (multiple-layer crosstalk) based on latent Dirichlet allocation. MLCrosstalk integrates data from multiple sources, including microbes, human protein-coding genes, miRNAs, and human protein-protein interactions. It constructs "topics" that group SARS-CoV-2 with genes and microbes based on similar patterns of co-occurrence across patient samples. We use these topics to infer linkages between SARS-CoV-2 and protein-coding genes, miRNAs, and microbes. We then refine these initial linkages using network propagation to contextualize them within a larger framework of network and pathway structures. Using MLCrosstalk, we identified genes in the IL1-processing and VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathways that are linked to SARS-CoV-2. We also found that Rothia mucilaginosa and Prevotella melaninogenica are positively and negatively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 abundance, a finding corroborated by analysis of single-cell sequencing data.

Assessments and analyses of the water resource carrying capacity provide practical guidance for regional water resource planning and water resource management. The water resource carrying capacity index system and the corresponding level criteria are constructed from the perspective of the carrying capacity subsystem. Additionally, a water resource carrying capacity model is constructed using the improved TOPSIS method. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the water resource carrying capacity in the study area from 2009 to 2018 is conducted, with the eastern part of Heilongjiang as a case study. The results show that the combination of the improved AHP and the anti-entropy weighting method can avoid the bias caused by subjective factors in the traditional AHP and the bias caused by the randomness of data in the entropy weighting method, yielding accurate estimates of the water resource carrying capacity. A new method of assigning weights in TOPSIS models is developed. In addition, the water resource carrying capacity of the studied cities is generally in state III (Moderate) in the eastern region of Heilongjiang, and the multiyear average value obtained from the comprehensive evaluation is 0.4581. The Qitaihe and Hegang areas have higher water resource carrying capacities than other areas. Overall, water resource and societal factors have an obvious influence on the water resource carrying capacity in the eastern region of Heilongjiang, and these factors vary in different areas. The water supply modulus and proportion of water used for agricultural irrigation have the greatest effects on the water resource carrying capacity in the study area.

Background: To establish a canine model of aortic arch aneurysm that is suitable for research on new devices and techniques applied to the aortic arch. Materials and methods: Fifteen mongrel dogs underwent surgery. The autologous pericardial patch was sewn on the aortotomy site in the anterior wall of the aortic arch. The animals were followed up for 3 months postoperatively. Computed tomography angiography was used to visualize and measure the aneurysm model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the histological characteristics of the aneurysm model. Changes in aneurysm diameter over time were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results: One dog died of hemorrhage during surgery. Fourteen dogs survived the surgical procedure. Two of them died on the first postoperative day because of ruptures at the suturing margin. The diameter of the aneurysm model was twice as large as that of the aortic arch. There was no significant change in the maximum diameter of the aneurysm model during the follow-up period. Conclusions: We established a controllable and stable aortic arch aneurysm model created with an autologous pericardium patch. The aneurysm model can be used to research endoleaks after thoracic endovascular aortic repair and new endovascular techniques can be applied to the aortic arch.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the SeparGate™ balloon-guiding catheter (BGC) for blocking flow and delivering devices in neurointerventional surgery. Method: This prospective multicenter single-arm trial enrolled patients who received BGC adjuvant therapy to provide temporary blood flow arrest of the supra-aortic arch arteries and their branch vessels in interventional therapy. The primary endpoint was immediate procedural success rate in flow arrest, device delivery, and withdrawal. The efficacy endpoints were intraoperative product performance, including rigidity, smoothness, fracture resistance of the catheter wall, catheter push performance, compatibility and radiopaque display, integrity, adhesion thrombus after withdrawal and balloon rupture. The safety endpoints were adverse and serious adverse events associated with the test device and serious adverse events resulting in death or serious health deterioration. Result: A total of 129 patients were included; of them, 128 were analyzed in the full analysis set (FAS) and per protocol set (PPS). Immediate procedural success was achieved in 97.7% of patients with FAS and PPS. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval was 94.6%, higher than the preset efficacy margin of 94%. Device-related adverse events occurred in 2 (1.6%) cases. One was mild adverse event of vasospasm, which resolved spontaneously. The other was serious adverse event of dissection aggravation, which was treated with stenting angioplasty. No device defects were observed. Conclusion: In neurointerventional surgery, the SeparGate™ BGC can be used to temporarily block the flow of the supra-aortic arch arteries and their branch vessels and guide the interventional device to the target vascular position.

Global climate warming and increased climate variability may increase the number of annual freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) in temperate zones. The occurrence of more frequent FTCs is predicted to influence soil carbon and nitrogen cycles and increase nitrogen leaching. Biochar has the potential to increase soil organic carbon storage and decrease nitrogen leaching. This study aims to investigate the impact of freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) on soil nitrogen leaching in temperate zones, considering the potential exacerbation of FTCs due to global climate warming and increased climate variability. This study focuses on how biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from biomass, might mitigate nitrogen leaching by influencing soil characteristics. This study explores the interactions between different laboratory-simulated FTC frequencies (ranging from 0 to 12 cycles) and various biochar addition ratios (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% w/w) on soil nitrogen leaching based on a total of 60 soil columns. Pearson correlations between the soil quality indicators and nitrogen leaching characteristics were detected, and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was used to assess the effects of the FTCs, biochar addition ratios, and soil quality indicators on the nitrogen leaching content. The results showed that the amount of leached soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N reached 0.129–1.726 mg and 2.90–7.90 mg, respectively. NH4+-N and NO3−-N first increased and then decreased under the FTCs, with the highest values being observed after the 6th FTC. As the biochar addition ratio increased, the NH4+-N and NO3−-N contents decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen leaching content was significantly related to the soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), NH4+-N content, and microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) (p < 0.01). The results of the conceptual path model revealed that nitrogen leaching characteristics were significantly affected by the pH, SOM, soil nitrogen content, and biochar addition ratio. Our results suggest that biochar addition can help reduce nitrogen leaching in farmland soil in areas with black soil and seasonal freeze–thaw cycles.

Precipitation unevenness significantly influences the rational allocation of water resources and the management of agricultural irrigation. Based on precipitation data from 29 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province, China, from 1961 to 2020, this study calculated the precipitation concentration index (PCI), precipitation concentration degree (PCD), and precipitation concentration period (PCP) to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation heterogeneity at three distinct timescales: year, maize growth period, and the four stages of the maize growth period. The findings reveal that the rainy season in Heilongjiang Province commences earlier in the southwest compared with the northeast and northwest, with a primary concentration in July. At the annual scale, PCI in southwestern Heilongjiang Province surpasses that in the southeastern region, displaying an approximate east–west gradient in PCD and PCP values ranging from 0.544 to 0.746 and 196 to 203, respectively. During the growth period scale, precipitation concentrates in the southwest and central regions, occurring earlier than in the northeast and northwest. In contrast to the annual scale, the PCI value is smaller, and precipitation predominantly concentrates in mid and late July. Examining the four stages of the maize growth period, PCD generally exhibits a decreasing gradient from west to east. The highest values of PCI and PCD manifest in the southwestern part of Heilongjiang Province, with precipitation concentrated in the middle of each growth stage. The research results serve as a valuable reference for policymakers and stakeholders involved in water resource allocation and agricultural water management in Heilongjiang Province.

Abstract Background Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. is a shrub belonging to the Oleaceae family. The peeled woody stems and roots of S. pinnatifolia are used in Chinese traditional medicine. This plant has been used for centuries, and modern pharmacological research has revealed its medicinal value. However, the wild populations of S. pinnatifolia have been decreasing, and it has been listed as an endangered plant in China. To elucidate the molecular mechanism leading to the synthesis of the major components of S. pinnatifolia for its further development and sustainable use, this study compared peeled stems and twigs at the metabolic and molecular levels. Results Peeled stems with the purple substance visible (SSP) and peeled twigs without the purple substance (TSP) were compared at different levels. Microscopic observation showed resin-like fillers in SSP and wood fiber cell walls approximately 1.0 μm thicker than those in TSP (wood fiber cell thickness approximately 2.7 μm). In addition, 104 volatile organic compounds and 870 non-volatile metabolites were detected in the non-targeted and widely-targeted metabolome analyses, respectively. Among the 76 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) detected, 62 were up-accumulated in SSP. Most of these DAMs were terpenes, of which 90% were identified as sesquiterpenes in the volatile organic compound analysis. In the analysis of the non-volatile metabolites, 21 differentially accumulated lignans were identified, of which 18, including five subtypes, were accumulated in SSP. RNA sequencing revealed 4,421 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 5,522 downregulated DEGs in SSP compared with TSP, as well as 33,452 genes that were not differentially expressed. Analysis of the DEGs suggested that sesquiterpenes and lignans were mostly biosynthesized via the mevalonate and phenylpropanoid pathways, respectively. Additionally, in SSP, the enriched Gene Ontology terms included response to biotic stimulus and defense response, while the enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways included plant–pathogen interaction and many other pathways related to plant immunity. Conclusions This study provides metabolome and transcriptome information for S. pinnatifolia, suggesting that biotic stimuli, including pathogens, are potential and valuable approaches to promoting the biosynthesis of the metabolites linked to the medicinal properties of this plant.

Background: Several pharmacological pathways have revealed statin to have a positive role in patients with for intracranial aneurysms. However, prior studies regarding the association between statin use and patients’ outcomes after pipeline embolization device (PED) treatment were not completely supportive. Objectives: To investigate whether statin medication following PED treatment would improve the outcomes of intracranial aneurysm patients in a real-world setting. Design: A retrospective multicenter cohort study. Methods: Patients were selected from the PLUS registry study conducted from November 2014 to October 2019 across 14 centers in China. The population was divided into two groups: those who received statin medication after the PED treatment and those who did not receive statin medication after PED treatment. Study outcomes included angiographic evaluation of aneurysm occlusion, parent arteries stenosis, ischemic and hemorrhage complications, all-cause mortality, neurologic mortality, and functional outcome. Results: 1087 patients with 1168 intracranial aneurysms were eligible; 232 patients were in the statin user group and the other 855 were in the non-statin user group. For the statin user group versus the non-statin user group, no significant difference was found for the primary outcomes of complete occlusion of aneurysm (82.4% versus 84.2%; p = 0.697). Of the secondary outcomes, none had a significant difference including stenosis of parent arteries ≥ 50% (1.4% versus 2.3%; p = 0.739), total subarachnoid hemorrhage (0.9% versus 2.5%; p = 0.215), all-cause mortality (0.0% versus 1.9%; p = 0.204), neurologic mortality (0.0% versus 1.6%; p = 0.280), excellent (95.5% versus 97.2%; p = 0.877), and favorable (98.9% versus 98.4%; p = 0.933) functional outcomes. The total ischemic complication rate (9.0% versus 7.1%; p = 0.401) was higher but not significant in the statin user group. The propensity score-matched cohort showed similar results. Results of binary multivariable logistic regression analysis and propensity score-matched analysis both showed that statin usage was not independently associated with an increased rate of complete occlusion or any other secondary outcomes. Subgroup analysis found the same result in patients who did not use statin before the procedure. Conclusion: Among patients with intracranial aneurysms, statin use after the PED treatment was not significantly associated with better angiographic and clinical outcomes. Well-designed studies are needed to further confirm this finding.

Abstract Nitinol (NiTi) alloy is an ideal material for preparing neurointerventional stents due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, NiTi stents without surface‐specific functionalization cause a high rate of stent thrombosis and in‐stent restenosis after implantation. In ischemic stroke, exosomes have a role in regulating nervous system development, regeneration, vascular remodeling, and neuroinflammation. In this work, the effect of exosome coating on the biocompatibility of NiTi alloy is evaluated. NiTi alloy is successively immersed in relevant solution (sodium alginate, 3‐aminophenylboronic acid, distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, and exosomes) to form ROS‐responsive exosome coated surfaces. In vitro experiments (platelets, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages) and in vivo subcutaneous implantation experiments are performed to test coatings for biocompatibility. The results show that the modified NiTi alloy surface has high hydrophilicity, which has the functions of inhibiting platelet aggregation, promoting endothelialization, inhibiting smooth muscle cell migration, anti‐inflammatory, and good tissue biocompatibility. This study develops exosome neurointerventional stent coating as a bioactive drug via reactive oxygen species accumulation in lesions, thus targeting drug release, inhibiting intimal hyperplasia, and reducing inflammation and thrombosis.

PurposeThe study aimed to investigate the safety, effect, and risk factors of endovascular recanalization of symptomatic non-acute occlusion of the vertebrobasilar artery (SNOVA).Materials and methodsPatients with SNOVA were retrospectively enrolled and treated with endovascular recanalization. The clinical data, endovascular treatment, peri-procedural complications, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed.ResultsA total of 88 patients were enrolled, with an interval to recanalization of 2–89 days (median 23) and an mRS of 2–5 (median 3 and IQR 1). Occlusion was in the intracranial vertebral artery in 68 (77.27%) patients and basilar artery in 20 (22.73%), with an occlusion length of 4.5–43.7 mm (mean 18.3 ± 8.8). Endovascular recanalization was successful in 81 (92.0%) patients. Post-dilatation was performed in 23 (28.4%) patients. After stenting, the residual stenosis was 10%–40% (mean 20.2% ± 7.6%). Peri-procedural complications occurred in 17 (19.3%) patients, with a mortality rate of 5.7%. In total, 79 (95.18%) patients underwent follow-up 5–29 (mean 16.9 ± 5.5) months later, with an mRS score of 0–6 (median 1 and IQR 1) at follow-up, being significantly (p

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of the MRI arterial spin labeling (ASL) in evaluating the blood-brain barrier permeability of anterior circulation ischemic lesions in subacute ischemic stroke (SIS) and the risk of hemorrhage transformation (HT) after endovascular recanalization.Materials and methodsPatients with anterior circulation SIS treated with endovascular recanalization were prospectively enrolled. The imaging presentations in the MRI ASL sequences, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) sequence, and Xper CT were studied. The relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), and the weighted Kappa coefficient (rKtrans) were analyzed.ResultsAmong 27 eligible patients, HT occurred in 7 patients (25.92%). Patients with HT had significantly higher rCBF value (1.56 ± 0.16 vs. 1.16 ± 0.16), Ktrans, (0.08 ± 0.03 min vs. 0.03 ± 0.01 min) and rKtrans (3.02 ± 0.89 vs. 1.89 ± 0.56). The ASL imaging sequence had a high consistency with the DCE sequence and Xper CT with a high weighted Kappa coefficient of 0.91 for the DCE sequence and 0.70 for the Xper CT imaging. The DCE sequence was also highly consistent with the Xper CT in imaging classification with a high weighted Kappa coefficient of 0.78. The rCBF value in the 21 patients with the subcortical and basal ganglia infarction was significantly lower than that in the other 6 patients with the cortical infarction (1.222 ± 0.221 vs. 1.413 ± 0.259, t = 1.795, P = 0.004).ConclusionThe MRI ASL sequence has an important role in evaluating the blood-brain barrier permeability and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation of anterior circulation SIS following endovascular recanalization.

BackgroundIntracranial aneurysm (IA) is an uncommon but severe subtype of cerebrovascular disease, with high mortality after aneurysm rupture. Current risk assessments are mainly based on clinical and imaging data. This study aimed to develop a molecular assay tool for optimizing the IA risk monitoring system.MethodsPeripheral blood gene expression datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus were integrated into a discovery cohort. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning integrative approaches were utilized to construct a risk signature. QRT-PCR assay was performed to validate the model in an in-house cohort. Immunopathological features were estimated using bioinformatics methods.ResultsA four-gene machine learning-derived gene signature (MLDGS) was constructed for identifying patients with IA rupture. The AUC of MLDGS was 1.00 and 0.88 in discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis also confirmed the good performance of the MLDGS model. MLDGS was remarkably correlated with the circulating immunopathologic landscape. Higher MLDGS scores may represent higher abundance of innate immune cells, lower abundance of adaptive immune cells, and worse vascular stability.ConclusionsThe MLDGS provides a promising molecular assay panel for identifying patients with adverse immunopathological features and high risk of aneurysm rupture, contributing to advances in IA precision medicine.