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Our objective in this study was to assess the biodegradability and to calculate the percentage degradation for the modifier used in liquid fuel combustion processes and for sodium acetate (the reference material). We performed an assessment study evaluating high biodegradability in an aqueous environment using the manometric respirometry method (according to the OECD 301F guideline). Based on the results, it was found that the biodegradation of the test material reached 62.18% at the end of testing (after 28 days). On the other hand, the biodegradation of the reference material was at 85.94% at the end of our tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes an innovative installation concept for the sustainable utilization of sewage sludge. The aim of the study is to prove that existing devices and technologies allow construction of such an installation by integration of a dryer, torrefaction reactor and gasifier with engine, thus maximizing recovery of the waste heat by the installation. This study also presents the results of drying tests, performed at a commercial scale paddle dryer as well as detailed analysis of the torrefaction process of dried sewage sludge. Both tests aim to identify potential problems that could occur during the operation. The scarce literature studies published so far on the torrefaction of sewage sludge presents results from batch reactors, thus giving very limited data of the composition of the torgas. This study aims to cover that gap by presenting results from the torrefaction of sewage sludge in a continuously working, laboratory scale, isothermal rotary reactor. The study confirmed the feasibility of a self-sustaining installation of thermal utilization of sewage sludge using low quality heat. Performed study pointed out the most favorable way to use limited amounts of high temperature heat. Plasma gasification of the torrefied sewage sludge has been identified that requires further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]