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On July 7, 2021, the global death toll from COVID-19 surpassed 4 million as the crisis devolved into a race between the vaccine and highly contagious variants. According to estimates from the Peace Research Institute in Oslo, the number of lives lost in the last year and a half, as compiled from official sources by Johns Hopkins University, is roughly equal to the number of people killed in battle in all of the world's wars since 1982 (Segarra, 2021). Among those who died from COVID-19, many people were parents in their families. Their deaths have severely affected their children's physical and mental health. Therefore, through a review of various reports, this paper will develop a familiarity with families whose parents have died of Covid-19. These families have received counseling and other types of support. Keywords: COVID-19, died, parents, families, counseling.

Recently, app-based motorbike taxi drivers have been one of Vietnam's most popular jobs, especially in Ho Chi Minh City. This is a job with simple requirements and a stable income, and it makes travelling convenient for city dwellers and is a source of livelihood for many people of this largest city. The aim of this paper is to prove that app-base motorbike taxi driver is the career trend in Ho Chi Minh City from 2021 to 2026 by using a literature review method because the method used in this paper is supported by relevant sources. Although severely affected by the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic during the past two years like other occupations, technology motorbikes taxi driver will still attract many people in the next five years. Keywords: app-based motorbike taxi, driver, Ho Chi Minh City, career trend, from 2021 to 2026.

The paper proposes an approach to deal with problems stemming from inaccurate elements of car driving simulators and the disadvantages of nonlinear model-based controllers, including the Backsteppi...

Purpose Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) has been used to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Recent studies have shown the efficacy of rTM through its anti-inflammatory effects for treatment of adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the safety and efficacy of rTM in children with severe ARDS complicated by DIC have not been reported. In this preliminary study, we reported the feasibility of using rTM for the treatment of pneumonia-induced severe ARDS complicated by DIC in children. Methods Six children (age: median 10 months old) with pneumonia-induced severe ARDS complicated by DIC were enrolled in this preliminary study. rTM (380 U/kg) was administered for a maximum of 6 days, in addition to conventional therapies after diagnosis of severe ARDS complicated by DIC. After administration of rTM, we measured changes in the plasma TM concentration and evaluated the clinical course, status of DIC and ARDS, and other laboratory findings, including levels of cytokines, chemokines, and biomarkers. Results In all six children, the plasma concentration of TM increased and DIC scores decreased after administration of rTM. Four of the six children recovered from the severe ARDS complicated by DIC after treatment, and were discharged from the hospital with no complications. In survived children, levels of soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 decreased after administration of rTM compared to those before rTM. Conclusions The rTM administration is feasible as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for children over 2 months with pneumonia-induced severe ARDS complicated by DIC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00540-021-02971-3.

Developing biostimulants from salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria is an emerging strategy for sustainable agriculture in the context of increasing soil salinization. This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria (EB) capable of promoting rice seed germination and seedling growth at different NaCl concentrations. Nine salt-tolerant EB strains were isolated and two, ST.6 and ST.8, with the rice seed promoting effect 99.3 and 99.7 %, respectively, were selected and identified as Pantoea dispersa and Burkholderia cenocepacia, respectively. ST.6 showed a higher value of the activity of phosphatase (617 mg P ml-1), production of indole-3-acetic acid (19.7 µg IAA ml-1), the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (13.5 µmol mg−1 protein h−1), and production of siderophore (76.3 %). Especially, rice seedlings inoculated with strain ST.6 showed a significant improvement in root length (58.95 %), shoot length (16.6 %), dry biomass (7.0 %), the content of chlorophyll (46.2 and 57.1 % for chlorophyll a and b, respectively), carotenoids (22.2%), and proline (19.0 %). A decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities was also observed in the rice seedlings inoculated with either ST.6 or ST.8 strain under salt stress. Furthermore, the salt stress condition enhanced the colonization of roots by both studied endophytic bacteria. More experiments should be done to develop endophytic bacteria ST.6 and ST.8 as efficient bio-inoculants.

The paper proposes the method to deal with control problems of unmodeled components of the four-wheeled Omni-directional mobile robot. It is commonly challenging to design a model-based control scheme to achieve smooth movement in the tracking process due to the unknown elements in the mathematical model of the robot or external disturbances. Our main contribution focuses on designing an adaptive controller based on neural networks with online weight updating laws and Fuzzy logic to guarantee the high accuracy of the robot’s movement when the unknown factors adversely affect the robot control. At the initial step, a Dynamic Surface Control plays a role as a core of the controller for the robot system. Then, with the ability to estimate the appropriate value for uncertain nonlinear parts, a Radial Basis Function Neural Network is designed. Finally, a Fuzzy law is to utilize control parameters in each period to increase the adaptive behavior of the system. The stability and convergence of the system are proven by the Lyapunov’s stability theory. The simulation results illustrate the validity and the efficiency of the proposed control algorithm when the system is lack of robot model’s information.

In the chapter, a posteriori methods for solving multi-criteria synthesis problems are analyzed and modified. An example of their use in modeling and selecting the values of the parameters of the kinematic model of the configuration of a four-fingered robotic gripper for harvesting tomatoes is described. The results of the simulation were compared using the NSGA-II, MOGWO, and MOPSO methods. Variants of the choice of the objective function, weight coefficients and their influence on the set of optimal grip sizes are discussed.

The chapter provides an analytical overview of existing approaches to solving the problems of controlling aerial manipulation systems (AMS) and the physical interaction of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with ground-based objects, in particular when solving problems of agricultural production. The relevance of the introduction of robotic systems in the agricultural field is caused by socio-economic reasons and a reducing the world’s freshwater resources. Among the UAVs that are actively beginning to be used for monitoring land, mapping land productivity and planning fertilizer application areas, multicopters are distinguished, the advantage of which is the vertical take-off and high resolution of the sensors. Multicopters can be equipped with an onboard manipulator and sensor devices, such as a video camera, thermal imager, thermometer, gas sensors, sonar, wind speed sensors, pressure sensors, infrared and other sensors. The modern researches of UAVs with a manipulator are discussed, including those devoted to the problems of flight control, avoidance of contact with the ground, interaction with the surrounding space, as well as physical interaction with ground-based objects. The addition of an on-board manipulation system to the UAV significantly complicates the algorithms of operation, design and leads to an increase in overall dimensions. The physical interaction of the manipulator with objects complicates the process of UAV stabilization, which in turn leads to difficulties in positioning the UAV and reduces the accuracy of the capture guidance. In addition, the physical interaction of the manipulator with objects requires increased energy resources of the UAV. The research presents an original classification of components of aerial manipulation systems, describing various options of on-board vehicles necessary for the implementation of the functional purpose of a UAV with a manipulator.

The fourth chapter presents the results of numerical and simulation modeling of the amount of robotic technology for processing agricultural land. The experiments were carried out in the developed program AgrobotModeling, which provides the calculation of the number of unmanned aerial vehicles and ground-based service mobile platforms involved in the processing of agricultural land of a given area. The program also simulates the functioning of a selected number of robotic equipment, as well as calculates a multi-criteria assessment based on a linear combination of three main criteria: total processing time, total consumed energy, total cost of the equipment involved.

The structure of the developed software system AgroGripModeling, which provides modeling and multicriteria optimization of the robotic gripper configuration, is described. The configuration of the developed robotic gripper for picking tomatoes, which consists of a four-fingered mechatronic system, a vacuum suction nozzle and differs from existing analogues by using a linear actuator to move the vacuum nozzle simultaneously with the movements of the four-fingered mechanism, is described. The results of modeling and optimization of the configuration of a robotic gripper using a posteriori algorithms MOGWO, NSGA-II, MOPSO are presented. A generalized algorithm for controlling the cycle of operation of software and hardware modules for robotic gripping when removing a fetus is presented. The results of testing a robotic gripper with a vacuum bellows for picking tomatoes are discussed.

The chapter presents the results of modeling the stability of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the hover mode when the manipulator moves. The simulation was carried out in the absence of external disturbances and their impact. The experiments were carried out in the developed UAVmanipulatorModeling program, which provides calculation and visualization of the trajectories of the movement of the center of mass of the manipulator and its end working mechanism. When studying the horizontal shift of the center of mass of the manipulator, its maximum value is analyzed and the end of the movement of the manipulator under the influence of disturbing factors that cause instability of the entire aerial manipulation system.

This chapter presents a formal statement of the problem of interaction with heterogeneous agricultural robots, describes the developed model-algorithmic support for controlling the interaction of heterogeneous robotic systems during UAV service during group agricultural tasks.

The chapter provides an overview of the tasks of control technological and robotic operations in agricultural production. The relevance of the research on robotization of agriculture problem is justified by the possibility of improving the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables, reducing production costs, reducing the labor shortage through the development and implementation of agricultural robots. A classification of agricultural grippers, which are installed on robotic agricultural equipment and are used for weed control and harvesting, has been compiled. Also the tasks of directional weeds spraying and pruning of branches and leaves, in which manipulators are involved, are mentioned. Examples of existing research agricultural robots equipped with combined grippers according to the proposed classification, related to various types are given: vacuum gripper with a video camera for grabbing tomatoes, a six-fingered pneumatic gripper with a video camera, a two-fingered grip with pressure and collision sensors for picking apples, a three-fingered gripper with a video camera for citrus fruits, eggplant grippers and others. Also the relevance of the joint interaction of a group of heterogeneous ground-based and air robots was noted, when performing agricultural tasks in an autonomous mode.

The chapter provides a solution to the problem of synthesizing kinematic and dynamic models of the UAV manipulator, describes the structure of the UAV Manipulator Modeling software system, which provides modeling of control and movement of the UAV manipulator and its stabilization under the influence of disturbances. The output data is movement graphs of the center of mass of manipulator, trajectory graphs of each link of the manipulator, graphs of the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the links. These graphs allow you to evaluate the stability of the manipulator when working under the influence of disturbances and without it. When designing the motion control system of the UAV manipulator, it is necessary to calculate the dynamics of the manipulator, determine the equations of motion for each link of the manipulator and calculate the parameters of the manipulator controller.

The chapter describes model-algorithmic support of the interaction of UAV and ground-based robotic platforms that carry out the functions of their transportation and service. The problem of increasing the operating time of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in autonomous agricultural missions is discussed. The approaches to charge or replace onboard batteries on an accompanying robotic platform are analyzed. The existing prototypes of service robotic platforms are distinguished by the complexity of the internal mechanisms, the speed of service, the algorithms for the platform and the aircraft to work together during landing and battery maintenance. The classification of existing service systems installed on robotic platforms for servicing batteries and built-in UAV containers has been compiled based on the results of the analysis.

The chapter describes the conceptual and algorithmic models for selecting the parameters of a robotic manipulator and a control system for capturing agricultural products. A formal statement of the problem of multi-criteria synthesis of robotic capture with the definition of objective functions and imposed constraints is presented. To evaluate the performance of multi-criteria synthesis algorithms, it is proposed to use indicators that are responsible for the quality and speed of calculations.

The chapter describes the conceptual model and the general structure of the aerial manipulator system, new tasks for manipulator control related to the instability of its base and interaction with ground-based objects. The analysis of the destabilizing factors affecting the deviation of the movement of the end working mechanism from the specified trajectory is carried out. The main task of this study is formulated and related to the design of the control system of the manipulator mounted on the UAV and maintaining the center of mass on the vertical axis when interacting with ground-based objects. Then we describe a number of developed algorithms that implement the task of motion control and stabilization of the air manipulation system.