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Surface and groundwater resources are two important sources in meeting agricultural, urban, and industrial needs. Random supply of surface water resources has prevented these resources from being a reliable source of water supply at all times. Therefore, groundwater acts as insurance in case of water shortage, and maintaining the quality of these resources is very important. On the other hand, studying vulnerability and identifying areas prone to aquifer pollution seems necessary for the development and optimal management of these valuable resources. Identifying the vulnerabilities of the aquifer areas to pollution will lead to a greater focus on preserving those areas. Therefore, groundwater quality assessment was performed in this study using the groundwater quality index (GQI), and groundwater vulnerability to pollution was assessed using the DRASTIC index. GQI is developed based on the values of six quality parameters (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO4 2-, Cl-, and TDS). The DRASTIC index is developed based on the values of seven parameters (depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity). The zoning of both indexes has been done using geographic information system (GIS) software. The results show that the GQI of the region was about 93, and its DRASTIC index was about 86. Therefore, the quality of aquifer groundwater is excellent, and its vulnerability to pollution is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from the fifth New Russian Barometer survey conducted by the Centre for the Study of Public Policy were analyzed to determine the factors which influenced the voters during the 1995 Russian Duma election. The results revealed that there was no significant relationship between confidence in traditional institutions and party choice. Economic judgments were also found to be dependent on the behavior of the voters, with parties, which gave more emphasis on economic issues getting more votes., An explosion of competitive elections is one unobtrusive measure of the transformation of Russian politics in the past half-dozen years. Russian elections have been very competitive - critics would argue [...]

A study of the 1996 Russian presidential elections is presented. Russia uses a two-ballot system wherein voters first choose from among several candidates and then, consequently, between the two candidates who emerge with the biggest number of votes. This system effectively reduces the capability of a small but noisy minority to prevail over more desirable alternatives. Among other aspects of the election, the study focused on the economic issues at stake, the candidates and their political platforms and the behavior of the Russian voting public.

Examines theories and practice of voting at the 1995 multi-party Russian Duma election. Relevant questions of theory and method; Relationships between party choice and social structure, economic circumstances and political attitudes using New Russia Barometer survey data; Combined impact of all the influences upon votes for the nine major parties.