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3. Health Silk Road 2020: A Bridge to the Future of Health for All

Author

Tillman H, Jian Y, and Ye Y

Subjects
Economic growth, Stock exchange, Global health, Cold storage, Business, Private sector, Emerging markets, China, Capital market, Initial public offering
Abstract

The outbreak of the Coronavirus crisis at the end of 2019 has led to a surprise acceleration and expansion of the HSR and a boom in studies of this topic by global financial press, think tanks and universities. The team from China Investment Research (CIR), Grisons Peak, a London based consultancy focused primarily on emerging markets with a specific focus on the BRI, and the Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (SIIS), a leading foreign policy think tank based in Shanghai, collaborate for the third time . Our major findings include the following: Firstly, China had already significantly scaled up medical assistance in various forms and secured the operation of medical supply chain for the world. At the World Health Assembly in May, President Xi promised a series of measures in helping with the world deal with the COVID-19, including providing US$2 billion assistance over two years, ensuring security and efficiency of anti-epidemic supply chains by establishing global humanitarian response depot and hub in China in collaboration with the UN, pairing up Chinese hospitals with 30 African hospitals, accelerating construction of African CDC headquarters, and providing Chinese-developed vaccine as global public good, etc.. The pledges are being delivered. By October of 2020, China had provided assistance to 150 countries and seven international organizations and exported over 179 billion masks, 1.73 billion protective suits, and 543 million testing kits. At present, 46 resident Chinese medical teams are in Africa helping with COVID-19 containment efforts, such as in Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea and Zimbabwe. China Development Bank and the two new multilateral development banks with China being the most important shareholder, i.e., Asian Infrastructure Development Bank and the New Development Bank, provided billions of timely COVID-19 related loans abroad. Secondly, Chinese companies accelerated “going out” in both volume and value in the health sector while the aggregate outbound investment has been declining. While it is true that Chinese announced outbound equity investments have declined annually since the 2016 peak, both deal volume and aggregate amounts in healthcare have increased substantially over the past 2 years. The number of investments more than doubled from 22 in the first quarter of 2019 to 52 in the third quarter of 2020, while the value increased even more significantly from 390.5 million US Dollars to 2.72 billion US Dollars in the same period. Despite the rising concerns on the “decoupling” of China and US technological development, slightly over 50% of the 224 Chinese outbound healthcare investments during this period had some involvement with the USA, even though such investments were virtually all minority investments and/or small components of much larger primarily USA-led VC/PE syndicates. Considering the background of rising geopolitical tensions, this represents a structural trend of Chinese firms’ outbound investment in following the model of the two tech giants Tencent and Alibaba and taking small stakes via growth capital. Biotech increased to about half of these investments in some quarters from 20-25% in early of this period. Thirdly, bio-tech and bio-pharma companies also became the most active components in Chinese capital market, which dwarfed many FDI inbound sector amounts. Strong developments in capital, technology and markets have enabled China to play a bigger role in maintaining global health. While company formation declined in other major markets such as the US, Europe, and Japan, the number of new Chinese biopharma companies has risen steadily over the past three decades, accelerating dramatically in the last ten years. More than 140 new biotech companies emerged in China from 2010 to 2020. Fueled by an ever-growing demand for healthcare, healthcare/life sciences is expected to be a long-term driving force of the A-share IPO market of China. During 2018-2019, the three major Chinese stock exchanges in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen, relaxed their rules or launched new platforms, such as the Science and Technology Innovation Market (STAR) in Shanghai, in allowing companies has yet to earn a profit to raise funds via initial public offerings (IPOs), providing a significant boom to drug developers. By the end of the period, life sciences IPOs were among the most active in all of these exchanges. Shares in the 29 biotech companies that listed in Hong Kong since mid-2018 until 13 December 2020 — 27 of which are Chinese — rose by 53% on average from their IPO prices, according to Dealogic. This is also paving the way for Chinese capital market to become the world’s largest biotech fundraising hubs. Hong Kong plans to overtake NASDAQ as the world’s largest biotech fundraising centre by 2025. Fourthly, China provides vaccines around the world in a "public product" manner and has played an integral role in global vaccine development and distribution. China published the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in mid-January triggering a global R&D activity to develop a vaccine. The first COVID-19 vaccine candidate entered human clinical testing with unprecedented rapidity on 16 March 2020. By mid-year 2020, there were five Chinese biotech companies active in the COVID vaccine space that were publicly listed: CanSino Biologics, Sinopharm and its vaccine and bioscience subsidiary the China National Biotec Group Co Ltd (CNBG), Chongqing Zhifei Biological Products, Fosun Pharma, and Sichuan Clover. By the third quarter of 2020, China had been piloting vaccines in 16 developing countries around the world, beyond the narrowly defined “BRI countries”. In the fourth quarter, two of China’s 5 vaccines being trialed were approved, less than 3 weeks after the vaccines from the world’s largest and more established biopharma firms. Approved Chinese vaccines were sent for use in Bahrain, Chile, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Turkey and UAE, while agreements were signed with Brazil, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan and Ukraine and similar agreements were under review in Bangladesh, Jordan, Malaysia, Philippines and Peru. Chinese vaccines provide reasonable alternates for lower-and middle-income countries that cannot provide the extensive cold storage network required for the distribution of Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. It is most noteworthy that Chinese private sector has been playing an active role in the process. In the fourth quarter of 2020, Cainiao announced its partnership with Ethiopian Airlines to launch a special cold chain air freight to transport temperature-controlled medicines twice a week from Shenzhen to Africa, and to the rest of the world via Dubai and Addis Ababa.

Published
2021
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6. Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

Author

Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, Buse JB, Engel SS, Garg J, Josse R, Kaufman KD, Koglin J, Korn S, Lachin JM, McGuire DK, Pencina MJ, Standl E, Stein PP, Suryawanshi S, Van de Werf F, Peterson ED, Holman RR, Josse RG, Califf RM, Goldstein BJ, Shapiro DR, Silverman R, Bethel A, Green J, Hayden S, Hannan K, Quintero K, Rorick T, Berdan L, Leloudis D, Califf S, Wilson M, McFarron D, Trollinger K, Pesarchick J, Eskenazi L, Campbell C, Townes O, Tolsma D, Keenan J, Milton J, Athwal R, Darbyshire J, Doran Z, Kennedy I, Gregory V, Lokhnygina Y, Prather K, Wolfley A, Usman M, Tajjar A, Gray R, Pfeffer MA, Gerstein HC, Groop L, McMurray JJ, Pocock SJ, Clayton T, Sinay I, Brieger D, Stranks S, Scheen A, Lopes R, Tankova T, Hramiak I, Grado CR, Wenying Y, Ge J, Aschner P, Skrha J, Ambos A, Strandberg T, Travert F, Hanefeld M, Riefflin A, Chan JC, Ofner P, Reddy NK, Christopher J, Mathur A, Arambam P, Mittal S, Manchanda M, Wainstein J, Ambrosio G, Pirags V, Jakuboniene N, Mohamed M, Scott R, White H, Cornel J, Halvorsen S, Tykarski A, Veresiu IA, Dreval AV, Misinkova I, Tai E, Krahulec B, Distiller L, Park Y, Rovira A, Alversson M, Chuang LM, Delibasi T, Adler A, Rodbard HW, Marre M, Goff D, Chacra A, DeVore A, Beaven A, Shah B, Hirsch B, Batch B, Bushnell C, Patel C, Melloni C, Henshaw C, Kong D, Bernecki G, Tillman H, Kang HJ, Hawes J, Strickler J, Piccini J, Wilder J, Alexander K, Mahaffey K, Patel K, Hyland K, Newby K, Jackson L, Cooper L, Armaganijan L, Szczeh L, Koshizaka M, Roe M, Morse M, Guimaraes P, Hess P, Tricoci P, Mehta R, Mathews R, Kociol R, Harrison R, Mentz R, Pokorney S, Leblanc T, Lazzarini V, Eapen Z, Truffa A, Fosbol E, Brito F, Katz M, Bahit M, Santos M, Barros P, Bernardez S, Alvarisqueta AF, Arias P, Cagide AL, Calella PR, Cantero MC, Canella JP, Cipullo MA, de Loredo L, Gelersztein ES, Gorban de Lapertosa SB, Klyver MI, Maffei LE, Maldonado N, Oviedo AI, Piskorz DL, Ridruejo MC, Saavedra SS, Sessa HA, Sinay IR, Sposetti GD, Ulla MR, Vico ML, Waitman JN, Binnekamp M, Carroll P, Cheung W, Colman P, Davis T, De Looze F, dEmden M, Fulcher G, Gerstman M, Hamilton A, Lehman S, Moses R, Proietto J, Roberts A, Shaw J, Simpson R, Sinha A, Tan Y, Topliss D, Vora P, Waites J, Crenier L, Descamps O, Keymeulen B, Mathieu C, Nobels F, Van den Bruel A, Van Gaal L, Borges JL, Costa e Forti A, Eliaschewitz FG, Felício JS, Griz LH, Hissa MN, Leite S, Panarotto D, Pimentel Filho P, Rassi N, Saraiva JK, Sgarbi JA, Silva RP, Tambascia M, Weber Silva DM, Bobeva R, Bostandzhieva R, Cinlikov I, Georgieva M, Iliev D, Ilieva E, Kovacheva S, Liubenova L, Nikitov Z, SHeinikova G, Slavcheva A, Spasova V, Temelkova-Kurktschiev T, Velichka D, Yakov A, Carpentier A, Chiasson JL, Constance C, Dumas R, Filteau P, Garceau C, Huynh T, Kaiser S, Kornder J, Leiter L, Mereu L, Miller D, Pandey S, Punthakee Z, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Robitaille Y, Saunders K, Sigal R, Sigalas J, Vizel S, Weisnagel S, Woo V, Yale JF, Yared K, Zinman B, Bunster Balocchi LB, Escobar Cerda EE, Garces Flores EE, Lanas Zanetti FT, Larrazabal Miranda Adel P, Morales Alvarado JM, Olivares Cañon CM, Potthoff Cárdenas SH, Raffo Grado CA, Rodriguez Venegas ME, Saavedra Gajardo VA, Westerberg Maldonado BH, Chen LL, Dong J, Guo X, Li QM, Shi B, Tang XL, Yang T, Yang WY, Zheng SX, Aschner Montoya P, Botero Lopez R, Coronel Arroyo JA, Cure CA, Gómez Medina AM, Molina DI, Perez Amador GA, Reyes Rincon A, Urina Triana MA, Valenzuela Rincon A, Vélez Pelaez S, Yupanqui Lozno H, Brabec T, Brychta T, Hasalova Zapletalova J, Havelkova J, Hejnicova K, Hola O, Hornackova M, Hrdina T, Kafkova D, Kellnerova I, Krystl T, Kutejova V, Mikulkova I, Nevrla J, Pantlikova C, Petr M, Racicka E, Sarbochova R, Smolenakova K, Turcinek R, Urbancova K, Vejvodova J, Vondrakova M, Zachoval R, Alt I, Kaasik Ü, Kiiroja K, Lanno R, Märtsin K, Past M, Vides H, Viitas L, Kantola I, Nieminen S, Perhonen M, Strand J, Valle T, Clergeot A, Couffinhal T, Courreges JP, Gouet D, Moulin P, Ziegler O, Badenhoop K, Behnke T, Bender G, Braun M, Dshabrailov J, Hamann A, Himpel-Boenninghoff A, Kamke W, Kasperk C, Luedemann J, Mayr P, Merkel M, Oerter EM, Ohlow MA, Ott P, Overhoff U, Paschen B, Remppis R, Rose L, Schumm-Draeger PM, Segiet T, Strotmann HJ, Stuchlik G, Stürmer W, Thinesse-Mallwitz M, Tytko A, Wendisch U, Wurziger J, Ho AY, Kam G, Kong AP, Lam YY, Lau EY, Lee S, Siu SC, Tomlinson B, Tsang CC, Yeung VT, Dezső E, Dudás M, Földesi I, Fülöp T, Késmárki N, Koranyi L, Nagy K, Oroszlán T, Pécsvárady Z, Ples Z, Taller A, Agarwal P, Ambulkar S, Aravind S, Balaji V, Kalra S, Kesavadev J, Kudalkar H, Kumar A, Misra A, Mithal A, Mohan V, Pitale S, Ramu M, Reddy N, Shah S, Shamanna P, Sharda A, Sharma A, Shunmugavelu M, Srikanta S, Suryaprakash G, Abramov G, Adawi F, Bashkin A, Darawsha M, Fuchs S, Harman-Boehm I, Hayek T, Jaffe A, Knobler H, Minuchin O, Mosseri M, Shechter M, Shimon I, Stern N, Tsur A, Vishlitzky V, Alfonsi F, Cavalot F, Del Vecchio L, Frisinghelli A, Gambardella S, Lauro D, Lembo G, Leotta S, Mondillo S, Novo S, Pedrinelli R, Piatti P, Salvioni A, Tritto I, Zavaroni DZ, Ahn KJ, Choi KM, Chung C, Han SJ, Kim DM, Kim IJ, Kim MH, Lee IK, Nam M, Park IeB, Park KS, Park TS, Rhee EJ, Yoo SJ, Andersone I, Balode A, Eglite R, Gersamija A, Kakurina N, Jegere B, Leitane I, Pastare S, Stalte V, Teterovska D, Baltramonaitiene K, Barsiene L, Ceponis J, Lasiene J, Levinger A, Sirutaviciene A, Sulskiene M, Urbanaviciene L, Valius L, Varanauskiene E, Velickiene D, Mahendran KA, Abu Hassan MR, Aziz NA, Hussein Z, Ismail IS, Kamaruddin NA, Nordin Z, Nayar SK, Ramanathan GR, Sothiratnam R, Beijerbacht H, Breedveld R, Cornel JH, Den Hartog F, Hermans W, Kietselaer B, Kooy A, Lenderink T, Nierop P, Remmen J, Rojas Lingan G, Ronner E, Van der Heijden R, Van Hessen M, van Kempen W, Voors-Pette C, Westendorp I, Baker J, Benatar J, Cutfield R, Krebs J, Leikis R, Lunt H, Manning P, Williams M, Birkeland K, Claudi T, Istad H, Karlsson T, Ossum Gronert J, Arciszewska M, Artemiuk E, Blach E, Blicharski T, Cypryk K, Dabrowska M, Górny G, Górska M, Jakubowska I, Jazwinska-Tarnawska E, Karczmarczyk A, Kitowska-Koterla J, Koltowski L, Krzyzagorska E, Pasternak D, Pentela-Nowicka J, Piesiewicz W, Przekwas-Jaruchowska M, Rajzer M, Salamon-Ferenc A, Sawicki A, Skowron T, Śmiałowski A, Albota A, Alexandru C, Crisan C, Dumitrescu A, Ferariu IE, Lupusoru DA, Munteanu M, Negru D, Nicolau A, Pintiliei E, Popescu A, Serban G, Voitec M, Babenko A, Barbarash O, Bondar I, Chizhov P, Demin A, Dora S, Dreval A, Ershova O, Gratsiansky N, Ketova G, Kotelnikov M, Levashov S, Morugova T, Mustafina S, Pekarskiy S, Raskina T, Rechkova E, Samoylova Y, Sazonova O, Sherenkov A, Shilkina N, Stetsyuk O, Tretyakova T, Turova E, Valeeva F, Zadionchenko V, Dalan R, Tan RS, Tay L, Buganova I, Fabry J, Jan C, Toserova E, Zak R, Zimanova J, Badat A, Bester F, Burgess L, De Jong D, Ellis G, Fouche L, Govender P, Govind U, Naidoo V, Nieuwoudt G, Nortje H, Rheeder P, Robertson L, Siddique N, Stapelberg AM, Trinder Y, Van Der Merwe A, Van Zyl L, Viljoen M, Wilhase A, Botella M, Civeira Murillo F, de Teresa L, Del Cañizo FJ, Extremera BG, Gimeno EJ, Martin-Hidalgo A, Morales C, Nubiola A, Tinahones Madueño F, Tranche S, Trescolí Serrano C, Alvarsson M, Eizyk E, Gillblad A, Johansson P, Löndahl M, Ohlsson-Önerud Å, Rautio A, Sundström U, Torstensson I, Chen JF, Chou CW, Ho LT, Hsieh IC, Huang BH, Huang CL, Huang CN, Lai WT, Lo PH, Pei D, Sheu WH, Wang SY, Araz M, Bakiner O, Comlekci A, Guler S, Sahin I, Sarac F, Tarkun I, Ukinc K, Yilmaz M, Abdulhakim E, Abraham P, Adamson K, Blagden M, Bundy C, Daly M, Davies M, Deshpande M, Gillings S, Harvey P, Horvathova V, Hristova D, Jaap A, Johnson A, Jones H, Kerrane J, Kilvert A, Ko T, Kumar J, Lindsay R, Litchfield J, McCrimmon R, McKnight J, Millward B, Oyesile B, Purewal T, Ravikumar C, Robinson A, Sathyapalan T, Simpson H, Thomas H, Turner W, Weaver J, Wilding J, Wiles P, Adkins K, Akpunonu B, Albu J, Anagnostis G, Anastasi L, Argoud G, Aroda V, Azizad M, Banerji MA, Bartkowiak A Jr, Bays H, Behn P, Bergenstal R, Bhargava A, Bias D, Bolster E, Buchanan P, Busch R, Chadha C, Chang M, Cheng C, Cohen A, Cohen J, Cole B, Connery L, Cooperman M, Cushman W, DAgostino R, Dayamani P, De Lemos J, De Meireles M, Dean J, DeHart D, Detweiler R, Donovan D, Dugano-Daphnis P, Dulin M, Dunn F, Eaton C, Erickson B, Estevez R, Feinglos M, Fonseca V, Force R, Forker A, Fox D, Gabriel J, Garcia R, Garvey T, Gaudiani L, Getaneh A, Goldberg A, Goldman S, Hairston K, Harris R, Haught W, Hidalgo H Jr, Higgins A, Houchin V, Ison R, Jacobs G, Jaffrani N, Jafry B, Kapsner P, Kaye W, Labroo A, Levinson L, Lewis S, Lillestol M, Luttrell L, Madu I, McNeill R, Merrick B, Metzger F, Nadar V, Nagelberg S, Nash S, Oparil S, Osei K, Papademetriou V, Patel N, Pedley C, Prentiss A, Radbill M, Raisinghani A, Rassouli N, Reddy R, Rees P, Rendell M, Robbins D, Rodbard H, Rohlf J, Roseman H, Rudolph L, Sadler L, Schnall A, Schramm R, Schubart U, Seneviratne T, Shanik M, Snyder H, Sorli C, Stich M, Sweeney ME, Tsao J, Ukwade P, Viswanath D, Vo A, Vogel C, Voyce S, Weintraub H, White J, Wood M, Wu P, Wysham C, Zimmerman R, Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine, Diabetes Pathology & Therapy, and Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, Buse JB, Engel SS, Garg J, Josse R, Kaufman KD, Koglin J, Korn S, Lachin JM, McGuire DK, Pencina MJ, Standl E, Stein PP, Suryawanshi S, Van de Werf F, Peterson ED, Holman RR, Holman RR, Peterson ED, Holman RR, Peterson ED, Armstrong PW, Buse JB, Josse RG, Kaufman KD, Koglin J, Korn S, Lachin JM, McGuire DK, Standl E, Stein PP, Suryawanshi S, Van de Werf F, Engel SS, Califf RM, Goldstein BJ, Shapiro DR, Silverman R, Bethel A, Green J, Hayden S, Hannan K, Quintero K, Rorick T, Berdan L, Leloudis D, Califf S, Wilson M, McFarron D, Trollinger K, Pesarchick J, Eskenazi L, Campbell C, Townes O, Tolsma D, Keenan J, Milton J, Athwal R, Darbyshire J, Doran Z, Kennedy I, Gregory V, Garg J, Lokhnygina Y, Prather K, Wolfley A, Usman M, Tajjar A, Gray R, Pfeffer MA, Gerstein HC, Groop L, McMurray JJ, Pocock SJ, Clayton T, Sinay I, Brieger D, Stranks S, Scheen A, Lopes R, Tankova T, Hramiak I, Grado CR, Wenying Y, Ge J, Aschner P, Skrha J, Ambos A, Strandberg T, Travert F, Hanefeld M, Riefflin A, Chan JC, Ofner P, Reddy NK, Christopher J, Mathur A, Arambam P, Mittal S, Manchanda M, Wainstein J, Ambrosio G, Pirags V, Jakuboniene N, Mohamed M, Scott R, White H, Cornel J, Halvorsen S, Tykarski A, Veresiu IA, Dreval AV, Misinkova I, Tai E, Krahulec B, Distiller L, Park Y, Rovira A, Alversson M, Chuang LM, Delibasi T, Adler A, Rodbard HW, Marre M, Goff D, Chacra A, DeVore A, Beaven A, Shah B, Hirsch B, Batch B, Bushnell C, Patel C, Melloni C, Henshaw C, Kong D, McFarron D, Bernecki G, Tillman H, Kang HJ, Green J, Hawes J, Strickler J, Piccini J, Wilder J, Alexander K, Mahaffey K, Patel K, Hyland K, Newby K, Jackson L, Cooper L, Armaganijan L, Szczeh L, Koshizaka M, Roe M, Morse M, Guimaraes P, Hess P, Tricoci P, Mehta R, Lopes R, Mathews R, Kociol R, Harrison R, Mentz R, Pokorney S, Leblanc T, Lazzarini V, Eapen Z, Truffa A, Fosbol E, Brito F, Katz M, Bahit M, Santos M, Barros P, Bernardez S, Alvarisqueta AF, Arias P, Cagide AL, Calella PR, Cantero MC, Canella JP, Cipullo MA, de Loredo L, Gelersztein ES, Gorban de Lapertosa SB, Klyver MI, Maffei LE, Maldonado N, Oviedo AI, Piskorz DL, Ridruejo MC, Saavedra SS, Sessa HA, Sinay IR, Sposetti GD, Ulla MR, Vico ML, Waitman JN, Binnekamp M, Carroll P, Cheung W, Colman P, Davis T, De Looze F, dEmden M, Fulcher G, Gerstman M, Hamilton A, Lehman S, Moses R, Proietto J, Roberts A, Shaw J, Simpson R, Sinha A, Stranks S, Tan Y, Topliss D, Vora P, Waites J, Crenier L, Descamps O, Keymeulen B, Mathieu C, Nobels F, Scheen A, Van den Bruel A, Van Gaal L, Borges JL, Costa e Forti A, Eliaschewitz FG, Felício JS, Griz LH, Hissa MN, Leite S, Panarotto D, Pimentel Filho P, Rassi N, Saraiva JK, Sgarbi JA, Silva RP, Tambascia M, Weber Silva DM, Bobeva R, Bostandzhieva R, Cinlikov I, Georgieva M, Iliev D, Ilieva E, Kovacheva S, Liubenova L, Nikitov Z, SHeinikova G, Slavcheva A, Spasova V, Tankova T, Temelkova-Kurktschiev T, Velichka D, Yakov A, Carpentier A, Chiasson JL, Constance C, Dumas R, Filteau P, Garceau C, Hramiak I, Huynh T, Kaiser S, Kornder J, Leiter L, Mereu L, Miller D, Pandey S, Punthakee Z, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Robitaille Y, Saunders K, Sigal R, Sigalas J, Vizel S, Weisnagel S, Woo V, Yale JF, Yared K, Zinman B, Bunster Balocchi LB, Escobar Cerda EE, Garces Flores EE, Lanas Zanetti FT, Larrazabal Miranda Adel P, Morales Alvarado JM, Olivares Cañon CM, Potthoff Cárdenas SH, Raffo Grado CA, Rodriguez Venegas ME, Saavedra Gajardo VA, Westerberg Maldonado BH, Chen LL, Dong J, Guo X, Li QM, Shi B, Tang XL, Yang T, Yang WY, Zheng SX, Aschner Montoya P, Botero Lopez R, Coronel Arroyo JA, Cure CA, Gómez Medina AM, Molina DI, Perez Amador GA, Reyes Rincon A, Urina Triana MA, Valenzuela Rincon A, Vélez Pelaez S, Yupanqui Lozno H, Brabec T, Brychta T, Hasalova Zapletalova J, Havelkova J, Hejnicova K, Hola O, Hornackova M, Hrdina T, Kafkova D, Kellnerova I, Krystl T, Kutejova V, Mikulkova I, Nevrla J, Pantlikova C, Petr M, Racicka E, Sarbochova R, Skrha J, Smolenakova K, Turcinek R, Urbancova K, Vejvodova J, Vondrakova M, Zachoval R, Alt I, Ambos A, Kaasik Ü, Kiiroja K, Lanno R, Märtsin K, Past M, Vides H, Viitas L, Kantola I, Nieminen S, Perhonen M, Strand J, Strandberg T, Valle T, Clergeot A, Couffinhal T, Courreges JP, Gouet D, Moulin P, Travert F, Ziegler O, Badenhoop K, Behnke T, Bender G, Braun M, Dshabrailov J, Hamann A, Hanefeld M, Himpel-Boenninghoff A, Kamke W, Kasperk C, Luedemann J, Mayr P, Merkel M, Oerter EM, Ohlow MA, Ott P, Overhoff U, Paschen B, Remppis R, Riefflin A, Rose L, Schumm-Draeger PM, Segiet T, Strotmann HJ, Stuchlik G, Stürmer W, Thinesse-Mallwitz M, Tytko A, Wendisch U, Wurziger J, Ho AY, Kam G, Kong AP, Lam YY, Lau EY, Lee S, Siu SC, Tomlinson B, Tsang CC, Yeung VT, Dezső E, Dudás M, Földesi I, Fülöp T, Késmárki N, Koranyi L, Nagy K, Ofner P, Oroszlán T, Pécsvárady Z, Ples Z, Taller A, Agarwal P, Ambulkar S, Aravind S, Balaji V, Christopher J, Kalra S, Kesavadev J, Kudalkar H, Kumar A, Misra A, Mithal A, Mohan V, Pitale S, Ramu M, Reddy N, Shah S, Shamanna P, Sharda A, Sharma A, Shunmugavelu M, Srikanta S, Suryaprakash G, Abramov G, Adawi F, Bashkin A, Darawsha M, Fuchs S, Harman-Boehm I, Hayek T, Jaffe A, Knobler H, Minuchin O, Mosseri M, Shechter M, Shimon I, Stern N, Tsur A, Vishlitzky V, Wainstein J, Alfonsi F, Cavalot F, Del Vecchio L, Frisinghelli A, Gambardella S, Lauro D, Lembo G, Leotta S, Mondillo S, Novo S, Pedrinelli R, Piatti P, Salvioni A, Tritto I, Zavaroni DZ, Ahn KJ, Choi KM, Chung C, Han SJ, Kim DM, Kim IJ, Kim MH, Lee IK, Nam M, Park IeB, Park KS, Park TS, Park Y, Rhee EJ, Yoo SJ, Andersone I, Balode A, Eglite R, Gersamija A, Kakurina N, Jegere B, Leitane I, Pastare S, Pirags V, Stalte V, Teterovska D, Baltramonaitiene K, Barsiene L, Ceponis J, Jakuboniene N, Lasiene J, Levinger A, Sirutaviciene A, Sulskiene M, Urbanaviciene L, Valius L, Varanauskiene E, Velickiene D, Mahendran KA, Abu Hassan MR, Aziz NA, Hussein Z, Ismail IS, Kamaruddin NA, Mohamed M, Nordin Z, Nayar SK, Ramanathan GR, Sothiratnam R, Beijerbacht H, Breedveld R, Cornel JH, Den Hartog F, Hermans W, Kietselaer B, Kooy A, Lenderink T, Nierop P, Remmen J, Rojas Lingan G, Ronner E, Van der Heijden R, Van Hessen M, van Kempen W, Voors-Pette C, Westendorp I, Baker J, Benatar J, Cutfield R, Krebs J, Leikis R, Lunt H, Manning P, Scott R, Williams M, Birkeland K, Claudi T, Halvorsen S, Istad H, Karlsson T, Ossum Gronert J, Arciszewska M, Artemiuk E, Blach E, Blicharski T, Cypryk K, Dabrowska M, Górny G, Górska M, Jakubowska I, Jazwinska-Tarnawska E, Karczmarczyk A, Kitowska-Koterla J, Koltowski L, Krzyzagorska E, Pasternak D, Pentela-Nowicka J, Piesiewicz W, Przekwas-Jaruchowska M, Rajzer M, Salamon-Ferenc A, Sawicki A, Skowron T, Śmiałowski A, Tykarski A, Albota A, Alexandru C, Crisan C, Dumitrescu A, Ferariu IE, Lupusoru DA, Munteanu M, Negru D, Nicolau A, Pintiliei E, Popescu A, Serban G, Veresiu IA, Voitec M, Babenko A, Barbarash O, Bondar I, Chizhov P, Demin A, Dora S, Dreval A, Ershova O, Gratsiansky N, Ketova G, Kotelnikov M, Levashov S, Morugova T, Mustafina S, Pekarskiy S, Raskina T, Rechkova E, Samoylova Y, Sazonova O, Sherenkov A, Shilkina N, Stetsyuk O, Tretyakova T, Turova E, Valeeva F, Zadionchenko V, Dalan R, Tan RS, Tay L, Buganova I, Fabry J, Jan C, Krahulec B, Toserova E, Zak R, Zimanova J, Badat A, Bester F, Burgess L, De Jong D, Distiller L, Ellis G, Fouche L, Govender P, Govind U, Naidoo V, Nieuwoudt G, Nortje H, Rheeder P, Robertson L, Siddique N, Stapelberg AM, Trinder Y, Van Der Merwe A, Van Zyl L, Viljoen M, Wilhase A, Botella M, Civeira Murillo F, de Teresa L, Del Cañizo FJ, Extremera BG, Gimeno EJ, Martin-Hidalgo A, Morales C, Nubiola A, Rovira A, Tinahones Madueño F, Tranche S, Trescolí Serrano C, Alvarsson M, Eizyk E, Gillblad A, Johansson P, Löndahl M, Ohlsson-Önerud Å, Rautio A, Sundström U, Torstensson I, Chen JF, Chou CW, Chuang LM, Ho LT, Hsieh IC, Huang BH, Huang CL, Huang CN, Lai WT, Lo PH, Pei D, Sheu WH, Wang SY, Araz M, Bakiner O, Comlekci A, Delibasi T, Guler S, Sahin I, Sarac F, Tarkun I, Ukinc K, Yilmaz M, Abdulhakim E, Abraham P, Adamson K, Adler A, Blagden M, Bundy C, Daly M, Davies M, Deshpande M, Gillings S, Harvey P, Horvathova V, Horvathova V, Hristova D, Jaap A, Johnson A, Jones H, Kerrane J, Kilvert A, Ko T, Kumar J, Lindsay R, Litchfield J, McCrimmon R, McKnight J, Millward B, Oyesile B, Purewal T, Ravikumar C, Robinson A, Sathyapalan T, Simpson H, Thomas H, Turner W, Weaver J, Wilding J, Wiles P, Adkins K, Akpunonu B, Albu J, Anagnostis G, Anastasi L, Argoud G, Aroda V, Azizad M, Banerji MA, Bartkowiak A Jr, Bays H, Behn P, Bergenstal R, Bhargava A, Bias D, Bolster E, Buchanan P, Busch R, Chadha C, Chang M, Cheng C, Cohen A, Cohen J, Cole B, Connery L, Cooperman M, Cushman W, DAgostino R, Davies M, Dayamani P, De Lemos J, De Meireles M, Dean J, DeHart D, Detweiler R, Donovan D, Dugano-Daphnis P, Dulin M, Dunn F, Eaton C, Erickson B, Estevez R, Feinglos M, Fonseca V, Force R, Forker A, Fox D, Gabriel J, Garcia R, Garvey T, Gaudiani L, Getaneh A, Goff D, Goldberg A, Goldman S, Hairston K, Harris R, Haught W, Hidalgo H Jr, Higgins A, Houchin V, Ison R, Jacobs G, Jaffrani N, Jafry B, Kapsner P, Kaye W, Labroo A, Levinson L, Lewis S, Lillestol M, Luttrell L, Madu I, McNeill R, Merrick B, Metzger F, Nadar V, Nagelberg S, Nash S, Oparil S, Osei K, Papademetriou V, Patel N, Pedley C, Prentiss A, Radbill M, Raisinghani A, Rassouli N, Reddy R, Rees P, Rendell M, Robbins D, Rodbard H, Rohlf J, Roseman H, Rudolph L, Sadler L, Schnall A, Schramm R, Schubart U, Seneviratne T, Shanik M, Snyder H, Sorli C, Stich M, Sweeney ME, Tsao J, Ukwade P, Viswanath D, Vo A, Vogel C, Voyce S, Weintraub H, White J, Wood M, Wu P, Wysham C, Zimmerman R

Subjects
Oral, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart diseases, Glycosylated, Administration, Oral, heart failure, Type 2 diabetes, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Placebo, Sitagliptin Phosphate, Sitagliptin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Therapy, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Glycated Hemoglobin, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Diseases, Heart Failure, Hospitalization, Pyrazines, Triazoles, Medicine (all), business.industry, Semaglutide, Hemoglobin A, General Medicine, ta3121, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cardiovascular diseases, chemistry, Sitagliptin, Administration, Combination, Glycated hemoglobin, business, Type 2, Alogliptin, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 patients to add either sitagliptin or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all patients. To determine whether sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, there was a small difference in glycated hemoglobin levels (least-squares mean difference for sitagliptin vs. placebo, -0.29 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.32 to-0.27). Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 839 patients in the sitagliptin group (11.4%; 4.06 per 100 person-years) and 851 patients in the placebo group (11.6%; 4.17 per 100 person-years). Sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09; P

Published
2015
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8. The Neurobiological Origins of Pedophilia: Not That Simple

Author

Henrik Walter, Jonas Kneer, Christian C. Joyal, Gilian Tenbergen, Tillman H C Kruger, Till Amelung, Christian Kärgel, and Sebastian Mohnke

Subjects
business.industry, Urology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MEDLINE, Brain, computer.software_genre, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pedophilia, Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine, Humans, Artificial intelligence, Psychology, business, computer, Natural language processing, Simple (philosophy)
Published
2019
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10. Comparison of blended versus layered structures for poly(p-phenylene vinylene)-based polymer photovoltaics.

Author

Chasteen, S. V., Härter, J. O., Rumbles, G., Scott, J. C., Nakazawa, Y., Jones, M., Hörhold, H.-H, Tillman, H., and Carter, S. A.

Subjects
COMPARATIVE studies, POLYMERS, PHOTOVOLTAIC cells, PHOTOELECTRIC cells, PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), FREE electron theory of metals, CHARGE transfer, ION exchange (Chemistry)
Abstract

We characterize and compare blended and bilayered heterojunctions of polymer photovoltaic devices using poly[oxa-1,4-phenylene-1,2-(1-cyano)-ethenylene-2,5-dioctyloxy-1,4-phenylene-1,2-(2-cyano)-ethenylene-1,4-phenylene] (CN-ether-PPV) and poly[2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene-1,2-ethenylene-2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-1,2-ethenylene] (M3EH-PPV) as electron- and hole-transporting polymers, respectively. We find that both blended and bilayered structures have substantially improved current densities (>3 mA/cm2) and power efficiencies (∼1% under white light) over neat films. Improved exciton dissociation at multiple interfaces and reduced recombination due to energy and charge transfers increases the charge-carrier collection in both types of heterojunction devices, but low electron mobilities in the polymers lead to low fill factors and reduced quantum efficiency (∼20%) that limit the power efficiency. Time-resolved photoluminescence reveals that for blended structures both the hole and electron-transporting polymers undergo efficient quenching with the exciton decay being dominated by the existence of two fast decay channels of 0.12 and 0.78 ns that are assigned to interspecies charge transfer and account for the increased short-circuit current observed. For layers, these components are not as prevalent. This result indicates that greater exciton generation at the dissociating interface and more efficient charge collection in the thin layers is primarily responsible for the improved short-circuit current, a conclusion that is further supported by numerical simulations of the exciton generation rate and charge collection. We also report evidence for an intermediate exciplex state in both types of structures with the greatest yield for blends with 50 wt % of CN-ether-PPV. Overall, the improved performance is due to different processes in the two structures; efficient bulk exciton quenching and charge transfer in blends and enhanced exciton generation and charge collection in layers. The optimization of each photovoltaic heterostructured device relies on this understanding of the mechanisms by which each material architecture achieves high power efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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12. UNITED STATES

Author

WYMAN, WALTER, JENKINS, W. T., KINYOUN, J. J., KALLOCH, P. C., HASKELL, W. A., Reilly, F. W., HUTTON, DEVAN, TROTH, WM. P., GLENNAN, CLARK, EMMONS, JENKINS, WM. T., KINYOUN, IRWIN, TILLMAN, H. C., MULHERON, J. J., and BRUNNER, W. F.

Published
1892

13. Comparison of blended versus layered structures for poly(p-phenylenevinylene)-based polymer photovoltaics

Author

Chasteen, S.V., Horhold, H.-H, Harter, J.O., Tillman, H., Rumbles, G., Carter, S.A., Scott, J.C., Nakazawa, Y., and Jones, M.

Subjects
Photoluminescence -- Analysis, Physics
Abstract

Blends and bilayers of hole- and electron transporting photoconductive polymers in photovoltaic devices were characterized and compared. It was found that both blended and bilayered structures have improved current densities and power efficiencies over neat films and for blended structures, significant exciton quenching occurs in both the electron and hole transporting polymers.

Published
2006

14. Chip-Scale Room-Temperature Atomic Magnetometers for Biomedical Measurements

Author

Svenja Knappe, Rahul Mhaskar, Lutz Trahms, John Kitching, Tillman H. Sander, and Jan Preusser

Subjects
Physics, SQUID, Scale (ratio), Magnetometer, law, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Optoelectronics, business, Chip, law.invention
Abstract

We describe a portable four-channel array of chip-scale atomic magnetometers in a flexible flying-lead configuration. These microfabricated, uncooled sensors with volumes below 1 cm3 demonstrate sensitivities around 100 fT/Hz1/2 and bandwidths of several hundred hertz. Performance limits are discussed, as the design is easily scalable to different sensor sizes and large arrays. Initial measurements of MCG are crossvalidated with SQUID measurements.

Published
2011
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16. Magnetoencephalography with a chip-scale atomic magnetometer

Author

Lutz Trahms, Jan Preusser, Svenja Knappe, Rahul Mhaskar, John Kitching, and Tillman H. Sander

Subjects
Materials science, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Nanotechnology, Magnetoencephalography, Electroencephalography, ocis:(120.0120) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology, Signal, Noise (electronics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, ocis:(230.0230) Optical devices, Optics, Fiber optic sensor, Electrode, medicine, Perpendicular, Neuroscience and Brain Imaging, Spectroscopy, business, ocis:(170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology, Biotechnology
Abstract

We report on the measurement of somatosensory-evoked and spontaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals with a chip-scale atomic magnetometer (CSAM) based on optical spectroscopy of alkali atoms. The uncooled, fiber-coupled CSAM has a sensitive volume of 0.77 mm(3) inside a sensor head of volume 1 cm(3) and enabled convenient handling, similar to an electroencephalography (EEG) electrode. When positioned over O1 of a healthy human subject, α-oscillations were observed in the component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the scalp surface. Furthermore, by stimulation at the right wrist of the subject, somatosensory-evoked fields were measured with the sensors placed over C3. Higher noise levels of the CSAM were partly compensated by higher signal amplitudes due to the shorter distance between CSAM and scalp.

Published
2012
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17. The need of impatience for general existence theorems for equilibria and pareto optima in mathematical economic systems

Author

Tillman, H. G.

Subjects
math, Existence theorems, Pareto optima, economic systems, general equilibrium
Abstract

We consider a Mathematical Economic System (M.E.S.) of Arrow- Debreu type, [Formula Matemática] where E = E(ro) is a locally convex R- vector space. We assume E barreled, later on we assume E a reflexive Banach Latice. Example. /P, LP(μ), 1 ≤ p ≤∞Hilbert spaces. Question: Which topologies τ in X are suitable for Economic Models?

Published
1993

24. Acute vasoreactivity testing in pediatric idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: an international survey on current practice

Author

Lina Caicedo, Rachel Hopper, Humberto Garcia Aguilar, Dunbar Ivy, Dora Haag, Jeff Fineman, Tillman Humpl, Omar Al-Tamimi, Jeff A. Feinstein, Rolf Berger, Erika Rosenzweig, Tarek Kashour, Gabriel Fernando Diaz, Alberto Mendoza, Usha Krishnan, Prashant Bobhate, Stephanie Handler, Antonio Augusto Lopes, Manoj Kumar Rahit, Parag Barward, Carlos Labrandero de Lera, Ian Adatia, Shahin Moledina, Steven Abman, and Maria Jesus del Cerro

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine practice patterns and inter-institutional variability in how acute vasoreactivity testing (AVT) is performed and interpreted in pediatrics throughout the world. A survey was offered to physicians affiliated with the Pediatric & Congenital Heart Disease Taskforce of the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute (PVRI), the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network (PPHNET), or the Spanish Registry for Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension (REHIPED), from February to December 2016. The survey requested data about the site-specific protocol for AVT and subsequent management of pediatric patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) or heritable PAH (HPAH). Twenty-eight centers from 13 countries answered the survey. AVT is performed in most centers using inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Sitbon criteria was used in 39% of the centers, Barst criteria in 43%, and other criteria in 18%. First-line therapy for positive AVT responders in functional class (FC) I/II was calcium channel blocker (CCB) in 89%, but only in 68% as monotherapy. Most centers (71%) re-evaluated AVT-positive patients hemodynamics after 6–12 months; 29% of centers re-evaluated based only on clinical criteria. Most centers (64%) considered a good response as remaining in FC I or II, with near normalization of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, but a stable FC I/II alone was sufficient criteria in 25% of sites. Protocols and diagnostic criteria for AVT, and therapeutic approaches during follow-up, were highly variable across the world. Reported clinical practice is not fully congruent with current guidelines, suggesting the need for additional studies that better define the prognostic value of AVT for pediatric IPAH patients.

Published
2019
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25. Auditory Masking of Multiple Tones by Random Noise.

Author

Schafer, Tillman H. and Gales, Robert S.

Abstract

One, two, four, and eight simple tones were presented to listeners against a background of thermal noise. The masked thresholds for the single tones and the various combinations were determined, for different spacings of the tones. In the case of two tones, the improvement in threshold with respect to a single tone was slight or negligible unless the tones were within one critical band, when the improvement increased as the spacing decreased. In the case of four or eight tones all separated by more than a critical band, the improvement was slight (less than 3 db) or negligible, apparently depending on the combination of frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1949
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26. Auditory Masking of Multiple Tones by Random Noise

Author

Robert S. Gales and Tillman H. Schafer

Subjects
Critical band, Auditory masking, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Random noise, Acoustics, Single tone, Mathematics
Abstract

One, two, four, and eight simple tones were presented to listeners against a background of thermal noise. The masked thresholds for the single tones and the various combinations were determined, for different spacings of the tones. In the case of two tones, the improvement in threshold with respect to a single tone was slight or negligible unless the tones were within one critical band, when the improvement increased as the spacing decreased. In the case of four or eight tones all separated by more than a critical band, the improvement was slight (less than 3 db) or negligible, apparently depending on the combination of frequencies.

Published
1949
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31. COMMON GENETIC VARIANTS DO NOT ASSOCIATE WITH IFN-INDUCED NEUTROPENIA IN A GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS IN THE IDEAL STUDY

Author

Thompson, A. J., Paul Clark, Singh, A., Ge, D., Fellay, J., Sulkowski, M. S., Muir, A. J., Tillman, H. L., Patel, K., Naggie, S., Shianna, K., Afdhal, N. H., Jacobson, I. M., Esteban, R., Poordad, F., Lawitz, E., Mccone, J., Shiffman, M. L., Galler, G. W., King, J. W., Kwo, P. Y., Nyberg, L., Noviello, S., Boparai, N., Koury, K. J., Pedicone, L., Brass, C. A., Albrecht, J. K., Goldstein, D. B., and Mchutchison, J. G.

33. Tillman H. Moore Letter

Author

Tillman H. Moore and Tillman H. Moore

Abstract

In the letter Tillman mentions hearing that Indiana has a lot of Copperheads and that if his unit were there they could "whip all of them." He mentions standing picket and drilling some everyday., Tillman (also spelled Tilghman) H. Moore (1839-1898) lived in Parke County, Indiana, and enlisted as a private in Company E, 31st Indiana Regiment in September, 1861, and was mustered out in September, 1864. The collection contains additional letters.

38. Automatic echo detection and classification system

Author

Tillman H. Schafer and Paul H. Miller

Subjects
Multivibrator, Reverberation, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Computer science, Amplifier, Acoustics, Echo (computing), Sonar, Signal, Voltage
Abstract

1. In an automatic echo detection and classification system wherein sonar equipment transmits pulses toward a target in predetermined and equal time intervals and receives background, dopplered and undopplered echoes which are produced as video output and audio output, the improvement which comprises means for establishing a non-directional background reference signal voltage from the video output, means for separating the audio output into dopplered signal voltage outside the reverberation band and undopplered signal voltage within the reverberation band, means for algebraically adding the background reference signal voltage to both the dopplered and undopplered signal voltages, a first amplifier for the resultant dopplered signal voltage, a target indicator alarm, a first energizing circuit therefor operative by the amplified dopplered signal voltage to indicate that a target has been located, means for obtaining from the resultant undopplered signal voltage a selected signal voltage above a predetermined level, a first gate normally in closed position, a first multivibrator therefor and operable by the selected undopplered signal voltage to move to open position for a predetermined interval to pass a first echo of a predetermined duration, a second gate normally in open position for passing the first echo after it has passed the first gate, a second multivibrator for the second gate operative to close the second gate for a predetermined period, an amplifier for the undopplered signal voltage of the first echo after it has passed through both the first and second gates, a second energizing circuit for the target alarm, said second circuit including the second multivibrator, and being operative to energize the second multivibrator by the amplified undopplered signal voltage of the first echo after it has passed through the second gate and after the predetermined period for which the second gate is closed and a second echo appears, which is substantially within the same range as the first echo, the second gate will be open for passing of the second echo to operate the target indicator alarm.

Published
1980
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39. Musical Instruments in Nineteen‐Tone Equal Temperament

Author

W. A. Piehl and Tillman H. Schafer

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, media_common.quotation_subject, Scale (music), Semitone, Xenharmonic music, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Intonation (music), Equal temperament, Temperament, Diatonic scale, Psychology, Tonality, media_common, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Yasser has proposed a theory of evolving tonality to account for the structural relations of the pentatonic scales used by various primitive peoples to the seven‐tone scales used in modern European music. He postulates a series of organically connected scales of increasing complexity and predicts a “supra‐diatonic” scale as the logical next stage in tonal evolution. This scale has twelve regular degrees and seven intermediate auxiliaries. The intonation of this scale which appears most practical is nineteen‐tone equal temperament. This temperament has been known for centuries as an intonation of the seven‐tone scale. The fact that it serves for both scales is a consequence of their interrelations. In this paper, the theory of evolving tonality is sketched, instruments built for testing the theory are described, and both new and old scales and chords in nineteen‐tone equal temperament are demonstrated aurally and compared with the nearest equivalents in the conventional twelve‐tone equal temperament.

Published
1947
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41. O. A. C. Review Volume 39 Issue 10, June 1927

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Tillman, H. G., Colson, H. J., Putman, D. F., Master, H. G., Clark, N. I., Beck, E. C., Warren, G. C., Hood, G. B., Graham, W. R., Wilkes, E., Andrew, D. A., Kingscote, A. A., Garrard, E. H., Thompson, R. W., Parsons, Miss F., Langstaff, Miss M., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
China, alumni, editorial, personals, Mac Hall elections, bread, local news, Nanking Incident, Chinese agricultural work, Women's Institute, Junior Associate Tea, Polish, English, baking education, Nanking, short story, advertising, agriculture, World Poultry Congress, obituary, Australia, intellectual freedom, Canadian immigration, agricultural college, Guelph, colonization, Western Ontario Girls' Conference, student exchange, Macdonald Institute, Junior Normal Tea, Nanjing, N. F. C. U. S, marriage announcements, College news, international exhibition, National Federation of Canadian University Students, food science, alumnae, American, Dutch, OAC Review
Abstract

This issue contains two articles regarding agricultural work in foreign countries. A survivor of the Nanking Incident writes one of these articles. Other contributions include an article on the colonization of Western Canada written by the Director of the C. N. R., and articles written by students of the Class of 1927. Student articles include a short story, work on a northern experimental station, food science for the baker, and the 1927 World's Poultry Congress in Ottawa. Continued in this issue is the column regarding the National Federation of Canadian University Students, with a focus on a visit from representatives of the Scottish Students Federation. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes a report on the Western Ontario Girls' Conference, and alumnae updates. Colonization and immigration The routine work of an agricultural college in Australia Agricultural work in Nanking The Big House Northern farmer - new style The N. F. C. U. S. The National Federation of Canadian University Students World's Poultry Conference Technical education for the baker Editorial Alumni Macdonald Locals advertising

Published
1927

42. O. A. C. Review Volume 38 Issue 8, April 1926

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Young, L. C., Tillman, H. G., Knox, H. A., Stevens, A. H., Whitmore, J. E., Andrew, D. A., Fisher, W. C., Hood, G. B., Garland, W. A., Wright, E. G., Reid, C. G. L., Walley, G. S., Kingscote, A. A., Mackinney, G., Thompson, R. W., Whittington, Miss M., Parsons, Miss F., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
alumni, baseball, editorial, personals, "Mr. Pim Passes By", war remembrance, local news, athletics, Niagara Falls, indoor track meet, amateur drama, fruit transportation, "Depth Charges", short story, Public Speaking Contest, basketball, advertising, Debating League, agriculture, Mendelssohn Choir, obituary, quarantine, Niagara Glen, Guelph, Canadian National Poultry Record Association, initiation, scarlet fever, Macdonald Institute, Homemakers Dinner Dance, College news, alumnae, alfalfa, OAC Review
Abstract

This issue begins with articles regarding fruit transportation, growing alfalfa, and an annual report from the Canadian National Poultry Record Association. Continued in this issue is the war remembrance "Depth Charges". Students of the class of 1928 contribute the rest of the articles consisting of short stories and an account of hiking the Niagara Glen. Campus news reports on the endeavors of the athletic teams, the success of the amateur Drama Club, and the public speaking contest. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes articles such as attending the Mendelssohn Choir performance in Toronto, the quarantine in Macdonald Hall, and alumnae updates. Fruit transportation Alfalfa Annual report of Mr. C. H. Guest "Depth Charges" Re Romance Ridiculous My First Attempt to Ride a Bucking Horse From Generation to Generation A Glimpse of China The Giftie Musings of a Mountaineer Niagara Glen Sunday Supper in the College Dining Hall Editorial College life Athletics Macdonald Alumni Locals advertising

Published
1926

43. O. A. C. Review Volume 40 Issue 1, September 1927

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Tillman, H. G., Colson, H. J., Berry, J. A., Whiteside, H. W., Collins, G. P., Parrish, S. T., Boyce, H. R., Smith, C. R., Hamill, J. S., Tolton, W. D., Jamieson, A., Robinson, W. R., Graham, W. R., Howe, S. R., McConkey, O. M., Parsons, Miss F., Langstaff, Miss M., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
Canada, football, alumni, beekeeping, editorial, personals, local news, athletics, J. Ross Kirk, genetics, advertising, Fourth Year Judging Trip, agriculture, autumn crops, obituary, Watson Hall photograph, livestock pedigree, Guelph, cattle breeding, agricultural education, soccer, apiculture, winter wheat, Macdonald Institute, N. F. C. U. S, marriage announcements, College news, seed potatoes, National Federation of Canadian University Students, alumnae, OAC Review
Abstract

This issue's agricultural articles pertain to preparing seed potatoes, beekeeping in Canada, experimental results of autumn sown crops, and pedigrees of breeding stock. Continued in this issue is the column regarding the National Federation of Canadian University Students, with a focus on a visit to O. A. C. from a delegation of British students. Campus news reports on the forthcoming Fourth Year Judging Trip and the preparations for the various athletic teams. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. Are my tubers fit for seed next year? Beekeeping in Canada Winter wheat and other autumn sown crops How to know a good pedigree N. F. C. U. S. Editorial Athletics Alumni Locals advertising

Published
1927

44. O. A. C. Review Volume 39 Issue 5, January 1927

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Tillman, H. G., Colson, H. J., Putman, D. F., Master, H. G., Clark, N. I., Beck, E. C., Warren, G. C., Hood, G. B., Graham, W. R., Wilkes, E., Andrew, D. A., Kingscote, A. A., Garrard, E. H., Thompson, R. W., Parsons, Miss F., Langstaff, Miss M., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
O. A. C. plowing match, alumni, editorial, personals, Macdonald Institute examination results, local news, athletics, travel diary, English Department, O. A. C. examination results, sheep industry, American Dietetic Association Conference, Lanark County, skiing, Arnold Bennett, short story, basketball, advertising, agriculture, gross domestic product, literature, boxing, Fourth Year Sleigh Drive, Cuba, etiquette, wrestling, Guelph, gdp, Macdonald Institute, travellers, hockey, College news, wedding announcements, extension work, alumnae, national income, OAC Review, poetry
Abstract

This issue begins with an address given by Professor Dean regarding agriculture as a measure of gross domestic product. Other articles pertain to the sheep industry in Lanark County, a travel diary of Cuba, experiences of a first time skier, and etiquette tips for travellers. Professor Unwin contributes an article regarding the literature of Arnold Bennett. The highlight of the campus news are the examination results for the O. A. C. and Macdonald Institute. The editorial comments on reinstituting the college plowing match for 1927 and proposed events for the winter semester. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes an article on the romance of extension work, a report on the American Dietetic Association Conference, and alumnae updates. The Pensive Plugger Is the farmer receiving a fair share of the National Income? Sheep industry of Lanark County First impressions of Cuba The skittish ski Tips for inexperienced travellers Arnold Bennett Editorial English Department notes and news College life Athletics Alumni Macdonald Locals advertising

Published
1927

45. O. A. C. Review Volume 38 Issue 9, May 1926

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Young, L. C., Tillman, H. G., Knox, H. A., Stevens, A. H., Whitmore, J. E., Andrew, D. A., Fisher, W. C., Hood, G. B., Garland, W. A., Wright, E. G., Reid, C. G. L., Walley, G. S., Kingscote, A. A., Mackinney, G., Thompson, R. W., Whittington, Miss M., Parsons, Miss F., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
alumni, editorial, personals, Canadian Rockies, local news, travel diary, agricultural research, California, Year 1928 Banquet, European Corn Borer, academic system, advertising, examination results, agriculture, fruit growing, Farewell Dance, Manitoba, Guelph, alumni banquet, Macdonald Institute, athletic review, Imperial Valley, College news, tariff, alumnae, exams, OAC Review, poetry
Abstract

Agricultural articles in this issue address the merits of agricultural research, a trip through the Imperial Valley in California, and fruit growing in Manitoba. Students of the class of 1929 contribute the rest of the articles consisting of short stories and an account of traveling through the Canadian Rockies by automobile. The highlight of the campus news is the final examination results. Other campus news reports on the Year '28 Banquet and the Farewell Dance. The Alumni column provides an update of various alumni banquets and alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes compositions by the students and alumnae updates. Freshmen All! Should research in agriculture be encouraged? A trip through the Imperial Valley Fruit growing in Manitoba Through the Canadian Rockies by Ford To Morning The European Corn Borer When the Next War Will Begin A little novelette Editorial College life Macdonald Alumni Locals advertising

Published
1926

46. O. A. C. Review Volume 39 Issue 6, February 1927

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Tillman, H. G., Colson, H. J., Putman, D. F., Master, H. G., Clark, N. I., Beck, E. C., Warren, G. C., Hood, G. B., Graham, W. R., Wilkes, E., Andrew, D. A., Kingscote, A. A., Garrard, E. H., Thompson, R. W., Parsons, Miss F., Langstaff, Miss M., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
alumni, editorial, personals, local news, athletics, English Department, Mills Hall, Russia, Conversat, public speaking, ducks, short story, basketball, College Royal, advertising, agriculture, poultry industry, marsh lands, Dansant, Ontario, boxing, horse exports, wrestling, Guelph, botany, Macdonald Institute, Fundy Dykelands, radio, Conversazione, Nova Scotia, exhibit winners, Junior Normal Tea, hockey, reprint December 1893, Y. M. C. A, College news, Tea Dance, National Federation of Canadian University Students, alumnae, plant diseases, OAC Review, poetry
Abstract

This issue begins with an article presenting the history of the National Federation of Canadian University Students. Agricultural articles pertain to the causes of plant diseases, exporting horses to Russia, and the reclaiming of dykelands in Nova Scotia. Poultry articles address raising ducks and the poultry industry in Ontario. Reprinted in this issue is an article on public speaking from the December 1893 issue of the O. A. C. Review. A student of the Class of 1927 contributes a short story. The editorial comments on the new radio in Mills Hall. The highlight of the campus news is the success and inclusion of Mac Hall in the third annual College Royal. Other campus news reports on the success of the annual Conversat and a listing of the award winners at the College Royal. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes a list of the award winners at the College Royal, and alumnae updates. The Home Waltz The underlying causes of plant diseases The N. F. C. U. S. (The National Federation of Canadian University Students) Duck raising Russia buying Western horses Poultry in Ontario Public speaking Port or Sherry Meadows reclaimed from the sea Editorial English Department notes and news College life Athletics Alumni Macdonald Locals advertising

Published
1927

47. O. A. C. Review Volume 38 Issue 6, February 1926

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Young, L. C., Tillman, H. G., Knox, H. A., Stevens, A. H., Whitmore, J. E., Andrew, D. A., Fisher, W. C., Hood, G. B., Garland, W. A., Wright, E. G., Reid, C. G. L., Walley, G. S., Kingscote, A. A., Mackinney, G., Thompson, R. W., Whittington, Miss M., Parsons, Miss F., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
alumni, editorial, second annual, personals, local news, Fourth Year sleighing party, athletics, Ottawa Alumni Meeting, travel diary, Canterbury, skiing, "Depth Charges", St. Valentine's Day, bacon export, short story, basketball, College Royal, advertising, agriculture, Norway, boxing, Great Britain, Chatham alumni, New Brunswick agriculture, Tom Thompson, wrestling, Guelph, War Memorial Hall, beef industry, Macdonald Institute, Short Course reception, cattle export, hockey, College news, wedding announcements, insect, Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union, "The Drive", alumnae, OAC Review, poetry
Abstract

This issue begins with two articles from the Department of Agriculture regarding exporting beef cattle and hogs. Agricultural articles pertain to the improvement of New Brunswick agriculture, creating an insect collection, and the Ontario Agriculture and Experimental Union meeting. Other articles address Tom Thompson's contribution to Canadian art and the college's acquisition of his painting, "The Drive". Student contributions include a short story, a war remembrance, and a travel diary of the Norwegian fiords. The highlight of the campus news is the success of the second annual College Royal. Oher campus news reports on the athletic activities, the Fourth Year sleighing party, and the Short Course reception. The Alumni column provides an update of various alumni banquets and alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column highlights the travel diary of a visit to Canterbury and alumnae updates. The North Land Now is Calling How should Canada export her beef cattle? Fat hogs hurt bacon export trade Trends of improvements in agriculture in New Brunswick Young Blood Tells Ten days in the Norwegian Fiords Making an insect collection "Depth Charges" News and views Editorial College life Athletics Macdonald Alumni Locals advertising

Published
1926

48. O. A. C. Review Volume 39 Issue 2, October 1926

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Young, Y. C., Tillman, H. G., Putman, D. F., Master, H. G., Clark, N. I., Beck, E. C., Warren, G. C., Hood, G. B., Graham, W. R., Wilkes, E., Colson, H. J., Andrew, D. A., Kingscote, A. A., Garrard, E. H., Thompson, R. W., Parsons, Miss F., Langstaff, Miss M., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
alumni, editorial, field day dance, personals, programme, local news, athletics, field day, honey, grass seed, Elgin House Conference, Canadian seed, vegetable seed, rugby, short story, Fourth Year roast, livestock judging, College Royal, advertising, agriculture, poultry industry, race walking, Junior Prom, Student Christian Movement, Animal Husbandry Club, obituary, Guelph, initiation, Macdonald Institute, nutrition, higher education, marriage announcements, field root seed, College news, clover seed, alumnae, landlord, Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, OAC Review
Abstract

This issue begins with a McCall's magazine article on the pursuit of higher education. Agricultural articles pertain to the popularity of Canadian seed, the nutrition of honey, the profitability of the poultry industry, and successful livestock judging. Other articles address the popularity of race walking as an athletic endeavor, a short story penned by a student, and an update of the Student Christian Movement. Also included in this issue is the programme for the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair. Campus news reports on preparation for the third College Royal, athletic activities, and the Junior Promenade. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes alumnae updates. Is your son or daughter going to college? High standing of Canadian seed Honey as a food Modern poultry tendencies The Royal Fair Letters of a wealthy Scotch landlord to his city tenant True heel and toe action What didn't come out in the wash "News and Views" section Editorial College life Athletics Macdonald Alumni Locals advertising

Published
1926

49. O. A. C. Review Volume 39 Issue 3, November 1926

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Young, Y. C., Tillman, H. G., Putman, D. F., Master, H. G., Clark, N. I., Beck, E. C., Warren, G. C., Hood, G. B., Graham, W. R., Wilkes, E., Colson, H. J., Andrew, D. A., Kingscote, A. A., Garrard, E. H., Thompson, R. W., Parsons, Miss F., Langstaff, Miss M., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
alumni, fruit industry, editorial, Barn Dance, personals, women's baseball, Agronomy Club, local news, alumnus author, athletics, sheep industry, "Men of Kildonan", salt, rugby, short story, livestock judging, advertising, horses, agriculture, British Columbia, Canadian Co-operative Wool Growers, Student Christian Movement, Guelph, Dominion Experimental Farm, agricultural education, soccer, women's tennis, agricultural college - India, Macdonald Institute, Nappan, Nova Scotia, wool industry, college songs, marriage announcements, track and field, Halloween Dance, Y. M. C. A, College news, Fourth Year Dance, kitchenette, secondary school education, alumnae, landlord, Singapore Naval Base, women's field day, OAC Review
Abstract

This issue begins with an article by C. D. Jarvis on agricultural education in the high schools of Ontario. President Reynolds provides an endorsement of the book "The Men of Kildonan" by alumnus Jack McCulloch. Another alumnus, J. MacArthur Russell writes of the creation of the Singapore Naval Base. Agricultural articles pertain to agricultural colleges in India, the importance of salt for horses, research at the Dominion Experimental Farm in Nappan, Nova Scotia, the sheep and wool industry in Ontario, and the fruit industry in British Columbia. A student writer contributes a short story. Campus news reports on the athletic activities of the season, attempts to gather the lyrics of O. A. C. college songs, and the successes of numerous student dances. The Alumni column provides a listing of marriage announcements and an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes highlights of the Student Christian Movement conference in Belfountain and alumnae updates. Agriculture in high schools "The Men of Kildonan" Agricultural college work in India Letters of a wealthy Scotch landlord to his city tenant Salt for horses The Dominion Experimental Farm, Nappan, N. S. Eastern wool clip Farmers in Ontario raising more sheep Singapore Naval Base British Columbia tree fruits Dirty work at the crossroads News and views Editorial College life Athletics Macdonald Alumni advertising

Published
1926

50. O. A. C. Review Volume 39 Issue 12, August 1927

Author

Ontario Agricultural College, Tillman, H. G., Colson, H. J., Berry, J. A., Whiteside, H. W., Collins, G. P., Parrish, S. T., Boyce, H. R., Smith, C. R., Hamill, J. S., Tolton, W. D., Jamieson, A., Robinson, W. R., Graham, W. R., Howe, S. R., McConkey, O. M., Parsons, Miss F., Langstaff, Miss M., University of Guelph, and Literary Society of the Ontario Agricultural College

Subjects
alumni, editorial, personals, landscaping, local news, athletics, liberal education, profitability, Sinclair Lewis, rugby, short story, reforestation, agricultural representatives, advertising, agriculture, evergreens, National Student Federation of America, cosmetics, literature, horticulture, Guelph, Macdonald Institute, pasture, College news, wedding announcements, American education, alumnae, World's Poultry Congress, OAC Review
Abstract

This summer issue begins with a reprint of the address given at the National Student Federation of America and notes the problems of an American education. Agricultural articles address the potential of reforesting unused pastureland, and the landscaping effects of evergreens. Other articles pertain to the literary work of Sinclair Lewis, and a short story by Cecil Cox. Campus news reports on the optimism for the forthcoming rugby season, and the success of the Third World's Poultry Congress held in Ottawa. The Alumni column provides an update of alumni activities and a listing of the Agricultural Representatives of Agriculture, who are O. A. C. alumni. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. Outstanding problems of American education The old pasture Sinclair Lewis The value of evergreens for landscape effects "Just Dog" This is O. A. C.'s big year Lipstick and ladies The Third World's Poultry Congress Athletics Alumni Locals advertising

Published
1927

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