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To evaluate the degenerative findings including cistern formation in the premacular vitreous using optical coherence tomography.A novel enhanced vitreous imaging method by which four A-scans at each position were averaged before the Fourier transform increased the image quality per frame so that subsequent image registration for averaging could occur. Analysis of B-scans and volume-rendered images of eyes in subjects of various ages was performed.There were 43 eyes of 23 subjects ranging in age from 23 to 68 years. The texture in the vitreous images suggests specific orientations of the vitreous fibers in the macular region; there were fibers circumferential to the retina immediately anterior to the premacular bursa. The pattern of the vitreous fibers seemed less well-defined internal to the zone of circumferential fibers. In younger eyes, there were striations oriented in a roughly inferior to superior direction in this zone. In older eyes, there were striations in the same orientation but actually were alternating zones of vitreous synchysis and syneresis. In these same eyes, numerous cisterns appeared at various levels in the vitreous gel. With extensive vitreous condensation and synchysis, definition of the premacular bursa was lost.With this novel method of enhanced vitreous imaging, the vitreous seemed to have stereotypic patterns of degeneration. The formation of vitreous syneresis and synchysis may be related to organization architecture of the vitreous, including the pattern of vitreous collagen deposition, and the effects of eye motion through decades of time.

The SAP company (Walldorf / Germany) provides a software interface for its R2 and R3 products called "Remote Function Call" (RFC). This interface is available on multiple operating systems and allows external systems written in C or C++ to directly call function modules of a R2/R3 system. In addition, it is even possible to provide external server function modules within an external system, which can be accessed from within the SAP system. This paper presents the newly developed RFC based APL extension "SAPL" that allows writing client and server applications for SAP systems entirely in APL. SAPL is the bridge between the powerful multi-dimensional data processing capabilities of APL and SAP based business applications.

Tcl stands for Tool Command Language. It is a script language, but unlike the well-known perl, it is also an extensible interpreter that is designed to be easily embedded into other applications. The Tcl source code is available from the Internet and the package can be used freely even in commercial applications. In addition to its condensed notation and simple syntax, APL's strength is its powerful array handling capacity. Tcl is based on string handling and very strong on gluing different pieces of software together. It is especially the many available Tcl extensions for GUI, network, database, HTML and XML support, which make the combination of APL and Tcl very attractive.With the implementation of a few new APL system commands into the APL2C system, it is possible to create one or several Tcl interpreters from within APL. As each of the Tcl interpreters runs on its own thread, a synchronization mechanism is provided for the communication between APL and Tcl. As an example, a Tcl web server with an APL backbone has been realized to demonstrate the power of the combination between APL and Tcl.

Purpose To generate wide-field automated seamless retinal montage images. Design Prospective, observational, case series study. Participants Eighteen eyes of 14 patients were studied. Intervention A digital scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph (HRA), was used to obtain overlapping images of the fundus during fluorescein angiograms, indocyanine green angiograms, or monochromatic retinal imaging using infrared or green light. Software was used to generate seamless montages. Main outcome measures Ability to electronically synthesize retinal montages. Four laser wavelengths were used. The wide-field degrees, vertical and horizontal number of pixels, and diameter of the individual images were measured. Results High-resolution (pixel size, 10 μm), wide-field, typically 100° to 140°, digital montages of the postequatorial retina can be generated from HRA images. Conclusions The software automatically and rapidly aligned the retinal blood vessels and synthesized a montage of the entire fundus that could then be overlaid on images taken at different times to illustrate change. These montages will allow improved ability to understand and follow retinal diseases.

Purpose: To determine in vivo lipofuscin (LF)-induced topographic variations of fundus autofluorescence in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) associated with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). · Methods: Fundus autofluorescence was examined with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph) after excitation with an argon laser (488 nm) and detection of the emitted light above 500 nm. Fifty-seven eyes of 38 patients with uni- or multifocal GA associated with ARMD were studied. The findings were compared with 43 eyes with GA secondary to other etiologies, including juvenile macular dystrophies. · Results: An increased autofluorescence outside the GA was observed in 47 (82.5%) of 57 eyes with GA associated with ARMD in contrast to 4 (9.3%) of 43 eyes with GA of other causes (P

Hintergrund: Wir untersuchten die Erfassungsmoglichkeiten der Fundusautofluoreszenz und deren topographische Verteilung mit einem neuen konfokalen Scanning-Laser-Ophthalmoskop. Material und Methode: 550 Augen normaler Probanden und Patienten mit verschiedenen retinalen Erkrankungen wurden mit dem Heidelberg-Retina-Angiograph (HRA) untersucht. Die Fundusautofluoreszenz wurde nach Exzitation mit einem Argonlaser (488 nm) und Detektion des emittierten Lichts oberhalb von 500 nm erfast. Ergebnisse: Im Bereich makularen Xanthophylls, retinaler Gefase, der Papille und Atrophie des retinalen Pigmentepithels (RPE) war die Autofluoreszenz vermindert. Genetisch determinierte und degenerative retinale Veranderungen gingen z. T. mit erhohter, irregularer Autofluoreszenzintensitat einher (u. a. Morbus Best, Morbus Stargardt, AMD). Schlusfolgerung: Der Heidelberg-Retina-Angiograph ermoglicht die topographische Erfassung der Fundusautofluoreszenz in vivo. Die Befunde unterstutzen die Annahme, das die Autofluoreszenz durch Akkumulation von Lipofuszingranula im RPE induziert wird.

Changes in parapapillary retina height may be an early indicator of glaucomatous tissue damage. The subject of this study is the development of an automatic computer analysis for the height variations of the parapapillary retina obtained from simultaneously taken pairs of stereophotographs of optic nerve heads. The exact evaluation of stereo photographs is, so far, processed manually in the USA (Takamoto, Boston) in a timeconsuming procedure. An automatic analysis can be considered as an essential improvement in glaucoma diagnosis.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.