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CuO–CeO2 (Cu–Ce) catalyst with a CuO/CeO2 mass ratio of 1 prepared by a sol–gel method is used in the CO catalytic oxidation reaction in the actual industrial sulfur-containing atmosphere. At a reaction temperature of 200 °C, the catalyst exhibits quite different stability under sulfur-containing and sulfur-free conditions. When 30 ppm SO2 was added to the feed gas, the Cu–Ce catalyst had an initial CO conversion rate of 100%, gradually decreasing after 26 h, and this catalyst completely deactivated at about 50 h. However, the CO conversion rate of the catalyst under sulfur-free conditions could be nearly maintained at 100% within the measured time range (60 h). The results of IR, Raman, and XPS characterizations proved that the accumulation of cerium sulfate on the Cu–Ce catalyst would cover the active sites of the catalyst, eventually leading to the complete deactivation of the catalyst, which provides favorable evidence for the actual industrial anti-sulfur application.

Objetivo: analisar o efeito dos programas de Doutorado Interinstitucional (DiInter) em Ciência da Informação sobre a produção científica dos doutorandos (docentes) envolvidos. Método: o cálculo do tamanho do efeito utiliza o parâmetro d de Cohen seguido do teste T de student aplicado à produção científica dos participantes (doutorandos) dos dois programas Dinter em Ciência da Informação - entre a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) e Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) (2010 – 2014) e entre a Universidade de Brasília (UnB) e a Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) (2012 – 2016) – antes, durante e após o período de doutoramento. Resultado: o cálculo do tamanho do efeito do Dinter entre Unesp e UFC constata diferenças e crescimentos significativos entre a produção científica dos docentes nos períodos analisados. Ambos os efeitos foram classificados como grandes. Já a relação entre UnB e UFES, o tamanho do efeito entre o período pré-Dinter e DINTER foi classificado como grande, enquanto o segundo cálculo, entre o período Dinter e pós-Dinter resultou em um efeito pequeno. A partir da aplicação do teste T. A análise constatou um aumento significativo com relação ao primeiro período e não significativo com relação ao segundo período analisado. Conclusões: o cálculo do tamanho do efeito aponta, segundo sua escala de classificação, a diferença (e crescimento) significativo entre os períodos analisados e capta a diferença não significativa entre o período Dinter e pós-Dinter dos docentes da UFES, tal fato acarretado também, pela não inserção da maioria dos docentes em programas de pós-graduação.

Traditional uncertainty quantification (UQ) algorithms are mostly developed for a fixed time (term), such as hourly or daily predictions. Although a few UQ techniques can compute UQ over time-range, their quantified uncertainty is usually ever-increasing and non-smooth. However, uncertainty can be lower at a certain time in the future. Therefore, this paper presents a neural network (NN) training procedure for both short-term and long-term uncertainty quantification to investigate the level of uncertainty over different times. The training procedure is similar to the conventional lower-upper bound estimation (LUBE) method. The proposed input combination consists of traditional input components and the term of the prediction. The proposed output is the UQ for a sample at that term. Estimation of sub-sample value, initial training with rough targets, and quality balancing over different term-range results in faster training and uniformity. According to the outputs of trained NNs, the uncertainty increases from very short-term to the short term but the uncertainty may decrease in the midterm or the long term. Moreover, the uncertainty may have a periodic portion over time in the long term. We also provide explanations of such periodicity in uncertainty over time curves.

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most developed plantation commodities in West Kalimantan. However, the coconut has a problem with the structure of agribusiness, namely the alignment (integration) that is closely related to the availability of the coconut. This research aims to see the level of proximity of coconut regional market relationship with other regional markets in West Kalimantan represented by Bengkayang Regency, Mempawah, and Sambas district, which analyzed using vector autoregression (VAR) to examine the long-term relationship. The integration of coconut production in Bengkayang, Mempawah, and Sambas districts was analyzed using the Granger causality test. The data used is the annual quantitative secondary data for 14 years in the time range between 2004 and 2017, which must be stationary at the first difference level. This study showed that West Kalimantan's production experienced some two-way causality relationship and some only one way. Production of Bengkayang affects Sambas, but the production of Sambas does not affect the production of Bengkayang. This finding indicates a one-way causality relationship. It is suggested that the government needs to add and improve infrastructure facilities for market players, and market players must follow production method information through electronic media or related institutions (for example, Department of Agriculture).

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social isolation on the interest rates of different medical specialties in Brazil. METHODS: The research was performed using the terms “Médico” (Doctor), “Infectologista” (Infectologist), “Cirurgião” (Surgeon), “Geriatra” (Geriatrician), “Otorrinolaringologista” (Otolaryngologist), and “Oftalmologista” (Ophthalmologist), related to several medical specialties, and “COVID-19,” which represented the public interest for the disease, utilizing the Brazilian version of Google Trends, where the data were acquired. The time range of this analysis was from 29 September, 2019 to 20 September, 2020. The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel, exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, and correlated with searches for the term “COVID-19” using Pearson's correlation. 95% confidence interval was used for all analyses. RESULTS: “Geriatra” (72.26±16.42) and “Cirurgião” (72.15±12.53) remained with the higher means among the evaluated specialties. In terms of standard deviation, “Oftalmologista” (64.71±16.72) and “Infectologista” (22.03±16.60) presented the most significant changes. After utilizing the Pearson's analysis to identify the correlation between each medical specialty and the term “COVID-19,” all the evaluated specialties presented significant statistical correlations. “Oftalmologista” (r= -0.607) was notoriously the most negatively affected, while “Infectologista” (r=0.504) was pointed to have the highest positive correlation with the term. CONCLUSIONS: Several changes in the interest rates of different medical specialties in Brazil were found during the time range of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background and Objectives. The debonding procedures of brackets in orthodontics cause a different amount of time loss and enamel damage. The current research assesses and equates the time consumption for bracket debonding using four different techniques. Materials and Methods. A total of 80 human premolars were included in this study. The samples were first arranged following a standard protocol for bracketing and then debonded using the ultrasonic scaler (US), debonding plier (DP), ligature cutter (LC), and thermal method (TM). Depending on the technique applied for debonding, the specimens were randomly divided into four groups with 20 samples, each keeping a 1 : 1 ratio. During the debonding process, the time taken for each bracket removal was recorded using a stopwatch. To assess the difference in mean time required for debonding among the four techniques, one-way ANOVA test was applied along with Tukey’s HSD to compare the two methods. Results. The time range and the mean time required for the four techniques analyzed show that the DP method has the highest range of time needed for debonding with 0.97–2.56 seconds, while LC methods have the least time range taking 0.46 to 1.79 seconds. TM’s mean time to debond is the highest at 1.5880 seconds. LC method has the lowest mean debonding time of 0.9880 seconds. The one-way ANOVA test has shown the mean debonding time required by the four techniques to be significantly different ( p < 0.001 ). Tukey’s HSD multiple comparisons also show that the mean time to debond using the LC method is substantially less than the other three methods ( p < 0.001 ). Conclusion. The mean debonding time for the TM was substantially the highest, followed by the US and DP. Debonding with the LC technique required the least time. This study shows some limelight towards the effectiveness of the LC method as it is the least time-consuming technique.

We investigate the structure of the optical field radiated by the disordered optical nano-emitters randomly incorporated in three-dimensional cluster of a percolation material. Our numerical studies shown that the temporal variations of the inverse participation ratio (IPR) allow analyzing the extended and localized field structures over a long time range. The properties of IPR and the dynamics of the lasing emitters allow to find the characteristic time scales when the localization of the field in a general three-dimensional disordered system occurs. The studied effect opens new perspectives to control the optical fields localization in modern optical nano-technologies.

In this proposed approach to unobtrusive human activity classification, a two‐stage machine learning–based algorithm was applied to backscattered ultrawideband radar signals. First, a preprocessing step was applied for noise and clutter suppression. Then, feature extraction and a combination of time‐frequency (TF) and time‐range (TR) domains were used to extract the features of human activities. Then, feature analysis was performed to determine robust features relative to this kind of classification and reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector. Subsequently, different recognition algorithms were applied to group activities as fall or non‐fall and categorise their types. Finally, a performance study was used to choose the higher accuracy algorithm. The ensemble bagged tree and fine K‐nearest neighbour methods showed the best performance. The results show that the two‐stage classification was more accurate than the one‐stage. Finally, it was observed that the proposed approach using a combination of TR and TF domains with two‐stage recognition outperformed reference approaches mentioned in the literature, with average accuracies of 95.8% for eight‐activities classification and 96.9% in distinguishing between fall and non‐fall activities with efficient computational complexity.

The complex correlation between public debt and economic growth is very important and is a focus of research within the scientific community and among policy makers. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the correlation between the level of public debt and the level of economic growth in select European Union countries. It is an empirical study of the transmission mechanisms and impact of public debt on economic growth in countries which joined the European Union in 2004 or later. The time range of the analyses covers the years 2000–2019. Estimation of the model parameters shows that the level of public debt had an impact on economic growth only in some countries.

Various types of valves are installed in the emergency discharge facility of dams, and when water is discharged in an emergency, vibration may occur in the valve depending on operating conditions. In this study, for the hollow jet valve, which is frequently used in the emergency discharge facility of dam, the flow phenomenon occurring according to the operating speed of the valve was observed and the vibration characteristics according to the operating speed were investigated through CFD.In particular, when the hollow jet valve is closed, the valve casing is opened while the inside of the valve casing is filled with air, and the open position is also changed during the opening time, thus the calculation was performed using the unsteady 2-phase overset mesh technique.As a result of calculation through CFD, it was found that when the operating speed of the hollow jet valve was changed, the time range of vibration appeared differently, and the value of the drag coefficient generated was also changed. In addition, it was found that the location of vibration generated according to the operating speed is generated at mostly identical locations, the cause of the vibration is not the vibration caused by the hydraulic pressure exiting the hollow jet valve, and it can be seen that the atmosphere outside the valve flows into the valve casing, creating a complex flow phenomenon inside the valve casing and acting as the cause of vibrating the hollow jet valve.

Annotation. Physiological and hygienic assessment of the main regime elements of educational and extracurricular activities of young girls and young boys in higher education is an essential component of research, which involves identifying risk factors for the likely development of negative changes in the functionality and adaptive resources of their organism. The research, based on the application of questionnaires and structured interviews, was conducted on the basis of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, where under supervision during the observation period were 110 students who studied on 1 and 3 courses. The analysis of the obtained data and their prognostic evaluation involved the use of descriptive statistics procedures based on the use of a standardized package of statistical analysis applications “Statistica 6.1 for Windows” (licensed № ВXXR901E245722FA). In the course of the research a comprehensive physiological and hygienic assessment of the main regime elements of educational and extracurricular activities of students of higher medical education in the organization of distance learning and identified their leading differences from similar characteristics when using traditional forms of education. It was found that the share of indicators on the duration of continuous study activities of students, which are considered unfavorable and those that exceed its maximum allowable time range (more than 9 hours, from 8 to 9 hours and from 7 to 8 hours), under the use of distance format was lower than the proportion of similar indicators in the classroom. At the same time, the opposite picture is registered during the analysis of data on the features of educational and meaningful preparation for practical classes carried out at home. Among distance learning students, data that reflected the indicators of the duration of the dynamic component in the structure of the daily time budget had to be considered significantly lower. In the course of a subjectively significant generalized assessment of the daily activities of young girls and young boys, it was found that it should be considered more intense in terms of the use of distance learning technologies. The obtained results should be further used both for the development of methods for comprehensive assessment of the state of adaptive resources of students, taking into account the peculiarities of their daily activities, and during the scientific substantiation of effective use of health technologies in higher medical education.

Background and purpose — There is ongoing debate as to whether commercial funding influences reporting of medical studies. We asked: Is there a difference in reported tones between abstracts, introductions, and discussions of orthopedic journal studies that were commercially funded and those that were not commercially funded? Methods — We conducted a systematic PubMed search to identify commercially funded studies published in 20 orthopedic journals between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2019. We identified commercial funding of studies by including in our search the names of 10 medical device companies with the largest revenue in 2019. Commercial funding was designated when either the study or 1 or more of the authors received funding from a medical device company directly related to the content of the study. We matched 138 commercially funded articles 1 to 1 with 138 non-commercially funded articles with the same study design, published in the same journal, within a time range of 5 years. The IBM Watson Tone Analyzer was used to determine emotional tones (anger, fear, joy, and sadness) and language style (analytical, confident, and tentative). Results — For abstract and introduction sections, we found no differences in reported tones between commercially funded and non-commercially funded studies. Fear tones (non-commercially funded studies 5.1%, commercially funded studies 0.7%, p = 0.04), and analytical tones (non-commercially funded studies 95%, commercially funded studies 88%, p = 0.03) were more common in discussions of studies that were not commercially funded. Interpretation — Commercially funded studies have comparable tones to non-commercially funded studies in the abstract and introduction. In contrast, the discussion of non-commercially funded studies demonstrated more fear and analytical tones, suggesting them to be more tentative, accepting of uncertainty, and dispassionate. As text analysis tools become more sophisticated and mainstream, it might help to discern commercial bias in scientific reports.

The applicability of the data on the mean age of death (MAD) of people presented on Wikipedia to determine the survival patterns with respect to professional occupations is considered. The results of previous studies are described. Features of these data related to censorship and the selective nature of their collection are discussed. The proposed approach to account for these features makes it possible to clarify the obtained patterns and to expand the time range of the study.

Purely organic molecules, which emit light by dual emissive (DE) pathways, have received increased attention in the last decade. These materials are now being utilized in practical optoelectronic, sensing and biomedical applications. In order to further extend the application of the DE emitters, it is crucial to gain a fundamental understanding of the links between the molecular structure and the underlying photophysical processes. This review categorizes the types of DE according to the spin multiplicity and time range of the emission, with emphasis on recent experimental advances. The design rules towards novel DE molecular candidates, the most perspective types of DE and possible future applications are outlined. These exciting developments highlight the opportunities for new materials synthesis and pave the way for accelerated future innovation and developments in this area.

Our days are characterised by accelerated processes. In heat treatment technologies one of the most effective processes is induction hardening. Due to the induction hardening the time range of classic hardening-tempering processes can be decreased to tenth. However, the characterisation of this accelerated process is complicated with the common time-temperature diagrams, because of the simple fact, that there exists no maximal chamber temperature, only the given power of the induction coil can be given, which causes determined heat in the heat-treated base material. Based on heat-treatment diagrams, the forming microstructure can be characterised, and the mechanical behaviour can be predicted. In this paper the maximum temperature of a component with given geometry is examined during induction hardening, applying thermal camera and based on the experimental results and the determined heating and cooling times, time-temperature diagrams are drawn.

In a specific remote sensing study design, the utilization of images from a particular satellite is necessary. However, the images might be unavailable in a certain time range. Therefore, a conversion method from available remote sensing images at the time range is required. In this paper, we proposed machine learning models that are capable to convert Landsat-8 images to Sentinel-2 images. The models are inspired by the advancement of super-resolution model based on Deep learning. The result of this study shows that the proposed models can predict Sentinel-2 images which are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to the original images.

A liposome is the drug delivery system which is used for the administration of various types of drugs or active substance(1) are essential for the treatment of various types of disease. A liposome is a very effective drug delivery system to Target the active medicament to an effective part of the body without entrapping or affecting the other body part that's why it is also called the targeted drug delivery system. Liposomes are available in various sizes to the range for treatment to various types of disease as the carrier for targeted the medicament or drug to active site at a predetermined rate & time range, without affecting the other body part for the treatment of a particular disease. they are colloidal spheres of cholesterol non-poisonous surfactants, sphingolipids, glycolipids, long-chain unsaturated fats, and even layer proteins and active atoms or it is also called vesicular system. (2) this review discusses the advantages and disadvantages, various methods of preparation, evaluation, etc.

Wi-Fi-based positioning technology has been recognised as a useful and important technology for location-based service (LBS) accompanied by the rapid development and application of smartphones sinc...

The quality of similar sample data determines the accuracy of photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting. However, under different time and space scales, the main meteorological characteristics affecting PV power and their mechanisms are different, which seriously affects the quality of similar samples. An adaptive classification strategy is proposed to filter historical similar samples. Firstly, path analysis (PA) adaptation is utilized to determine the main meteorological characteristics affecting PV power at different spatial and temporal scales, as well as the determining coefficient of each meteorological characteristic on PV power. Secondly, a negative feedback strategy based on the distribution factor and fitness function value of the forecasting model is claimed, which can adaptive adjust the selection time range of the historical similar samples until the forecasting model with higher fitting degree obtained based on the hybrid optimization support vector regression (HO-SVR) algorithm training. Finally, the validity and practicability of the forecasting model are verified by historical measured meteorological data and power data of a PV power plant.

The purpose of the present prospective randomised clinical control trial was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiographic success rate of pulpotomies in primary molars using pure Portland cement versus formocresol. Pure Portland cement has shown a high rate of success in pulpotomy treatments, with no side effects. Healthy 3- to 11-year-old children were treated with pulpotomies on primary molars as part of their scheduled dental treatment. Pulp dressing alternated randomly between pure Portland cement and formocresol. Data were analysed at follow-up periods up to 48 months. 68 (50%) teeth with pure Portland cement and 68 (50%) teeth with formocresol in 136 healthy children (59 boys and 77 girls) were followed. The overall success rate of the pulpotomies in this study was 95.6%. Pure Portland cement was successful in 100% of the cases (68 out of 68), and formocresol in 91.1% (62 out of 68). No association was found between success and type of tooth or time range from treatment to last follow-up. Based on this study’s results, it can be concluded that there is no superiority of one material over the other and pure Portland cement can be used in primary molar pulpotomies.

The present article introduces a collection of prehistoric material culture finds obtained at the Karasor-2 site during a stationary study of the Karasor archaeological site in 1998. A group of Karasor monuments is located near the town of Lisakovsk in the Upper Tobol river valley, which is in the northern Turgai depression. The territory of the Turgai depression connects the West Siberian and Turan plains. The Turgai depression borders on the Trans-Ural Plateau in the west and on the Kazakh hillocky area and the spur of the Ulutau mountains in the east. The local nature and geography destroy the cultural layer on the monuments. Thus, the finds represented by fragments of ceramics and stone products at the Karasor-2 site were collected from the surface, as the cultural layer had been destroyed. The article gives descriptive characteristics of the ceramics, while the stone tools were studied with the technical and typological method. Since the ceramic fragments are too small, the dating and cultural affiliation of the artifacts was based on the results of the technical and typological analysis of the stone tools. Most likely, the stone finds date back to the Mesolithic and Late Eneolithic periods. Most tools are similar to the stone industry of the Tersek culture and belong to the Eneolithic Age. The author believes that the time range of the stone tools and ceramics is from the Late Mesolithic to the Bronze Age.

The current research focuses on the effect of variable doses of red laser on the chick embryonic development. He-Ne laser of 632-nm wavelength was used as an irradiation source in the first 48 h post-laying of chicken eggs. We have used five different doses: 2, 1, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1 mJ/cm2 that needed a time range for about 400–20 s. Those irradiated embryos were left for additional 11 days for incubation in normal conditions, where they are blindly studied after the 11th day. Light microscopy was used in this study to investigate the histological and pathological features of the different experimental groups compared to the control one. However, electron microcopy was utilized to trace the apoptotic distribution in the developmental embryos. Minor abnormalities that are dependent on the laser dose have been shown in the irradiated embryos when compared to the sham group, where the highest laser dose showed about 12% embryonic development anomalies when related to the other irradiated groups. Irradiated embryos were found to express more INF-γ and IL-2 as circulating cytokines relative to the unexposed group, where the levels of IL-2 were highly significantly increased by all laser doses (0.3 mJ/cm2 light dose recipient group showed significant increase only when compared to the control group). IFN-γ levels were significantly increased as well by light doses above 0.2 mJ/cm2. This IFN-γ increase trend seemed to be laser dose-dependent. Simultaneously, these combined results propose the ability of high laser doses in inducing incurable changes in the embryonic development and consequently such alterations can have potential therapeutic applications through what is known as photobiomodulation.

This article analyzes the backward sequence for single-armed cluster tools with processing time variations. The backward sequence is popularly used to operate a single-armed cluster tool in practice, but its performance has not been analyzed when processing time variations are introduced. To address the problem, we first define a fundamental cycle and derive a formula for cycle time analysis considering processing time variations. We then develop conditions for which the backward sequence is optimal for a certain cycle or all cycles. We also analyze the upper bound of the average cycle time with the backward sequence. Finally, the performance of the backward sequence with processing time variations is investigated experimentally. Note to Practitioners —The backward sequence, which is widely used for scheduling single-armed cluster tools, is analyzed with processing time variations in processing modules (PMs). The backward sequence is proven to be optimal in many cases with deterministic processing times. However, in reality, the wafer processing time in a PM is not deterministic and varies within a given time range. With regard to this issue, we analyze the performance of the backward sequence with processing time variations. This study can be very helpful for not only tool engineers but also for researchers who are interested in scheduling automated manufacturing systems.

Objective Lying synchronization is an important characteristic of the natural behavior in cattle. The guideline for the housing of fattening cattle published in 2018 in Lower Saxony, Germany, requests for the first time that the lying area should be large enough to enable all animals to lie down simultaneously. However, up to now, lying synchrony in fattening cattle has only been scientifically analyzed to a small extent and detailed data on lying space requirements of fattening bulls are lacking altogether. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the lying synchronization level in fattening bulls housed at different space allowances as well as at examining whether simultaneous lying of all animals per pen occurs. Material and methods For this purpose, the lying behavior of 41 fattening bulls weighing more than 450 kg was analyzed. The cattle were housed in groups of 6-8 animals in slatted pens with rubber mats covering the slats either completely or in the back part of the pen. The pens were divided into 3 space allowance groups (A: 3.1-3.5 m2 [n = 2], B: 4.0-4.2 m2 [n = 2], C: 6.7 m2 [n = 2]). The lying time of all individuals was analyzed via video recordings during 2 consecutive light periods (17 h in total). Results On average, the animals in the different space allowance groups spent 5 h 30 min to 9 h 6 min lying during the 2 light periods. In one pen of both groups A and B each, simultaneous lying of all animals never occurred during the observation period. In the remaining pens, it occurred during a time range of 27 min to 4 h. A minimum of 80 % of the animals were lying simultaneously in all pens during a period ranging from 1 h 30 min to 7 h 13 min. Conclusion and clinical relevance At in practice commonly provided space allowances between 3.1 m2 and 4.2 m2 , simultaneous lying of all animals per pen did not occur in a subset of pens. Time periods with all but 1 or 2 animals lying or animals lying down directly after another individual regained standing position indicate the attempt of the group's individuals to synchronize their lying behavior. However, these attempts appear to be restricted by limited lying area size. The presented results emphasize the necessity of further studies regarding the space requirements of fattening cattle for lying in order to define the space allowance required for simultaneous lying of all animals.

A tabela periódica é um recurso pedagógico utilizado pelos professores como apoio ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de inúmeros conceitos químicos. Edificá-la como um recurso acessível é condição para a aprendizagem de alunos com surdez em aulas de química. Neste artigo, fruto de um estudo de revisão sistemática, realizamos uma busca de artigos sobre a temática tabela periódica para alunos surdos, com enfoque na existência de termos relacionados aos elementos químicos em LIBRAS e recursos pedagógicos acessíveis para o ensino deste conceito científico, no período de 2015 a 2019. A análise das publicações evidencia que são ainda incipientes os recursos para o ensino da tabela periódica ao público surdo. Os materiais existentes se constituem em recursos que buscam pela via visual a apresentação dos conceitos mediados por intérpretes em LIBRAS. No que tange a existência de sinais, o estudo identificou apenas oito, número inexpressivo frente ao quantitativo de termos químicos que este conceito envolve. Os resultados apontam para a emergência da proposição de sinais para este conceito químico, de forma a oportunizar aos estudantes surdos o acesso a este importante campo epistêmico.

The study is dedicated to analysis of sustainable regional energy planning challenge's in order to reach carbon‐free economy in 2050. The case study of hydropower development in selected region of Poland provides good example how to deal practically with identified sustainable regional energy planning problems to address restrictions of environmental requirements and natural conditions on the least costs hydropower generation planning in a given region. The aim of the article is to develop a model for optimizing hydropower production and to apply this model for selected region. The West Pomeranian region was selected for this case study, and the time range for planning is from 2019 to 2030. The selected region is particularly predestined for the production of renewable energy sources. Constructed model and obtained results for optimization of hydropower development in selected region is useful for fostering usage of renewable energy sources in Poland and moving forward towards carbon‐free economy target set by European Union for 2050.

In the present work, we determined the necessary time to unchain the synthesis of vitamin D for a phototype II skin in Ibarra, Ecuador In a specific sky situation, the range of exposure time at Sun radiation is 4 to 6 minutes depending on the month of the year, but with clouds, it is needed about 70% more exposure time This time range is easily reached in normal conditions, but during a lockdown period, as in pandemic situations like the COVID 19 one or for people that need to live, work or study inside, if they are exposed to the direct Sun for the minutes indicated above, they will have a natural vitamin D supplement that will improve its health © New Testament Society of Southern Africa

Five two-parameter (sorptivity, S, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks) vertical one-dimensional infiltration equations are compared quantitatively over the whole time range from zero to very long times. These equations are Green-Ampt (GA), Talsma-Parlange (TP), Brutsaert (B), Swartzendruber (SW), and Valiantzas (V). The results showed that the cumulative infiltration i (t) predictions of equations B, SW, and V are between the two limit soils characterized by GA and TP equations. Compared with the TP equation, the equations of B, SW, and V showed a maximum discrepancy of 3.8%, 5.6%, and 9.88%, respectively, while compared with the GA equation showed a maximum discrepancy of 14.8%, 11.4%, and 7.8%, respectively. However, the differences among SW, B, and V are lower. The study of cumulative infiltration data of four porous media showed that the S/Ks ratio may be a criterion for the appropriate infiltration equation selection. The S/Ks values for the porous media studied ranged from 2.6 to 136 min0.5. The V equation showed very good prediction of the results in the case of low S/Ks values (coarse-textured soils), while the SW equation in the case of high values (fine-textured soils). Also, the linear form of the V equation was applied for direct estimation of the two parameters, S and Ks, using vertical infiltration data of four porous media with relatively good results (0.980

The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of all the exogenous variables on organizational citizenship behavior through the organizational culture. This research uses primary data that were obtained by giving the questionnaires directly to the participants of this research as well as using google form. The total number of participants of this research is 75 samples which include people with different positions ranging from syuriah level to MWC level. The method of the research used in this research is multivariate analysis with SEM. The results of this research showed that transformational leadership significantly influenced organizational culture, Transformational Leadership to Organizational citizenship behavior had no significant impact, HR Reposition significantly impacted Organization culture, HR Reposition had a positive and significant influence on organizational citizenship behavior, Spiritual Quotient had a significant effect on Organizational Culture, Spiritual Quotient had a negative and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior and Organizational citizenship behavior had a positive and significant influence on Organization Culture. For future research, it is advised to take the research time range from 6 to 12 months to get a more complete analysis. And since the scope of research is only PCNU, it is also advised that for further research to do different objects such as PWNU or even PBNU so that the research can result in a distinctive and unique finding that can be compared to the findings of this research.

espanolContexto: El modelado y prediccion del uso del espectro por parte de los PU es un aspecto importante para reducir la interferencia entre los SU y PU, y mejorar el desempeno de la decision espectral. Lo anterior requiere de informacion espectral pasada, que permita al algoritmo modelar el comportamiento del PU. Objetivo: Determinar el valor optimo de muestras pasadas y tiempo de recalculo de criterios de decision, para los algoritmos de toma de decisiones en redes de radio cognitiva. Metodologia: Se realizan varios experimentos de simulacion a partir del algoritmo FFAHP, en dos diferentes enfoques, tiempo-real y mejor-esfuerzo, con trafico alto y bajo, en la banda de frecuencia GSM. Se realiza un analisis estadistico de los datos obtenidos, variando los parametros de time range, mientras criteria time permanece constante, y viceversa. Resultados: Para trafico alto es suficiente con tomar 1800 muestras anteriores para calcular el valor inicial de los parametros y actualizarlos cada 10 minutos (1800). Si el trafico es bajo es suficiente con tomar 5400 muestras anteriores para calcular el valor inicial de los parametros y actualizarlos cada 10 minutos (1800). Conclusiones: No es necesario un numero elevado de muestras anteriores para determinar el valor inicial de los parametros de decision para obtener un buen desempeno de la tasa de handoff, asi como tampoco lo es para la actualizacion de los mismos, para un trafico correspondiente a la banda de frecuencia GSM. Financiamiento: El presente trabajo es un resultado de un proyecto de investigacion financiado por el Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Cientifico de la Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas. EnglishContext: Modeling and prediction of spectrum use by PUs is an important aspect to reduce interference between SUs and PUs, and improve the performance of the spectral decision. This requires past spectral information, which allows the algorithm to model the behavior of the PU. Objective: Determine the optimal value of past samples and time to recalculate decision criteria for decision-making algorithms in cognitive radio networks. Methodology: Several simulation experiments are performed from the FFAHP algorithm, in two different approaches, real-time and best-effort, with high and low traffic, in the GSM frequency band. A statistical analysis of the data obtained is performed, varying the time range parameters, while time criteria remains constant, and vice versa. Results: For high traffic it is enough to take 1800 previous samples to calculate the initial value of the parameters and update them every 10 minutes (1800). If the traffic is low, it is enough to take 5400 previous samples to calculate the initial value of the parameters and update them every 10 minutes (1800). Conclusions: A large number of previous samples is not necessary to determine the initial value of the decision parameters to obtain a good performance of the handoff rate, nor is it necessary for updating them, for traffic corresponding to the band of GSM frequency. Funding: This work is a result of a research project funded by the Center for Research and Scientific Development of the Francisco Jose de Caldas District University.

Earhquake is one of the most hazardous, devasting natural calamity and yet a very least predictable natural disaster that occur. Prediction of earthquake has been a challenging research for many researchers. With the increasing amount of earthquake dataset collected, many researchers try to solve the task of predicting the earthquake in future time. Even though many data mining techniques are been used, the prediction rate is not still accurate due to lack of feature extraction technique. The proposed methodology enhance the performance of earthquake prediction. As obtained precursory pattern features along with Random forest regression is used to get prediction of the magnitude of future earthquakes.

Objective The aim of this study was to obtain the time range of non-industrial fresh watermelon juice (FWJ), which is widely used in the catering industry under different storage conditions, with safe-drinkable quality, and the drinking time range of fresh juice with good nutritional quality and sensory quality. Method The quality of non-industrial FWJ was audited by assessing the shelf life of non-industrial FWJ through microbial safety, nutritional, and sensory quality investigating during 24 h of storage at 4, 25, and 37°C. Results According to the microbial safety quality, the safe drinking time of FWJ was within 12, 4, and 4 h when stored at 4, 25, and 37°C, respectively. Based on the nutritional and sensory quality, FWJ was drinking with good quality within 2 h, and with just acceptable quality for no more than 4 h when stored at 4 or 25°C. Electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) could effectively distinguish and identify the changes in volatile components in FWJ under different storage conditions. Conclusion It is a feasible method to predict the shelf life of non-industrial FWJ by this method, and hence to guarantee non-industrial FWJ being drinking with safety and health, and it might be used in many other fresh juice shelf life predictions.

The conditions of acoustic wave formation under urban development within traffic roundabouts are considered on the example of Izhevsk. The article refers to 5 single-level road interchanges, and provides the results of multiple acoustic measurements of the equivalent sound pressure level. The observations covered a different time range, typical for the daytime period. The average values vary from 66 to 68 dBA, and the maximum values range from 67 to 69 dBA. Based on the simulation results, acoustic discomfort zones were determined for each interchange. The variation was from 50 to 75 meters at averaged values of flows intensity (up to 1500 u / h) and from 60 to 110 meters at high intensity (up to 2000 u / h). The conclusion is made about the favorability of roundabouts from the position of noise comfort in comparison with traditional intersections equipped with traffic lights. The effectiveness of such measures is 2-3 dB.

Proxima c, a candidate second planet orbiting Proxima Centauri, was detected with the radial velocity method. The announced long orbital period (5.21$^{+0.26}_{-0.22}$ years), and small semi-amplitude of the induced Doppler signal (1.2$\pm$0.4 m/s), make this detection challenging and the target worthy of a follow-up in the next years. We intend to evaluate the impact of future data on the statistical significance of the detection through realistic simulated radial velocities to be added to the published dataset, spanning up to one orbital period of Proxima c in the time range 2019-2023. We find that the detection significance of Proxima c increases depending not only on the amount of data collected, but also on the number of instruments used, and especially on the timespan covered by the observational campaign. However, on average we do not get strong statistical evidence and we predict that, in the best-case scenario, in the next 5 years the detection of Proxima c can become significant at 4$\sigma$ level. If instead Proxima c does not exist, the detected signal may lower its significance down to 2$\sigma$., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 2020

Tuber peeling is an essential unit operation prior to further processing. In this research, a batch loading tuber-peeling machine, with a capacity of 10 kg/min, was designed, fabricated and tested for cocoyam, sweet potato, yam and cassava tubers. The machine was designed to operate at a speed range of 350−750 rpm and time range of 5−12 min based on the principle of surface scratching. The performance of the machine was determined with respect to the peeling efficiency, percent weight of peel and flesh loss. The results showed that the peeling efficiency increased with an increase in the shaft speed for all the tubers. Also, the flesh loss and percent weight of peel decreased with an increase in the shaft speed for cassava and cocoyam tubers but increased for sweet potato and yam tubers (p < 0.05). Effective peeling of the tubers was achieved for sweet potato and yam at all the shaft speeds and time ranges considered.

In the article, based on the analysis and systematization of studies of domestic and foreign scientists and economists, devoted to the financial stability of an enterprise, a system of coefficients has been formed that comprehensively characterizes the level of the financial and investment component of the anti-crisis sustainability of tourism enterprises. The final assessment of the level of ensuring the financial and investment component of the anti-crisis sustainability of tourism enterprises is given. It is noted that when constructing an analytical scale for identifying the levels of the components of ensuring the financial and investment component of the anti-crisis stability of tourism enterprises, it is advisable to take into account the numerical characteristics: the sample mean and standard deviation, which will make it possible to draw reasoned conclusions about the degree of complexity of the problem situation and positioning the enterprise on the analytical scale of the levels wide time range. The profiles of the maximum and minimum values of the level of components to ensure the internal anti-crisis sustainability of tourism enterprises are given. It is noted that the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the profiles of the maximum and minimum values of the level of components to ensure anti-crisis sustainability of tourism enterprises helps to reflect the strengths and weaknesses of ensuring anti-crisis stability. Predictive models of indicators of the level of provision of the financial and investment component of the anti-crisis sustainability of tourism enterprises have been built. Emphasis is placed on the importance of identifying priority measures to increase the level of financial and investment component of the anti-crisis sustainability of tourism enterprises, taking into account the planned tactical goals, managerial intuition, the acquired practical experience of managers and available resources . Key words: anti-crisis sustainability of the enterprise, financial and investment component, tourist enterprise, system of indicators, assessment, forecast, value profile.

This work presents the results of analysis of the correlation between radial growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the amount of spring–summer precipitation on the Zilair Plateau (Southern Urals). The amount of precipitation from 1776 to 2015 is reconstructed on the basis of the close correlation (r = 0.78) between the growth of late pine wood and the amount of May–June precipitation. The entire interpreted time range includes periods with amounts of precipitation less than average (1888–1893, 1906–1912, 1952–1959, 2008–2012) and wet periods (1779–1783, 1827–1831, 1834–1838, 1878–1883). The longest wet periods are typical of the first half of the time range interpreted (the end of the 18th century and the 19th century), whereas the driest periods are characteristic of the second half (the end of the 19th century, the beginning of the 20th century, the 1950s, and the beginning of the 21st century).

Purpose We have recently demonstrated a significant association between osteoporosis (Op) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Caucasian women examined by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for suspected Op. This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the association between MetS and Op in Caucasian men enrolled in the same geographical area, with identical criteria and in the same time range. Methods Among subjects enrolled in the SIMON study, we selected the medical records of all free-living men who performed a contextual evaluation of both bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA and MetS constitutive elements (arterial blood pressure, waist circumference, serum levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose). All enrolled subjects refer to “COMEGEN” general practitioners’ cooperative operating in Naples, Southern Italy. Results Overall, the medical records of 880 men were examined. No significant association between MetS and Op was observed. Among MetS constitutive elements, waist circumference was inversely related to Op risk. Conclusion In Caucasian men examined by DXA for suspected Op, no significant association was observed between Op and MetS. The study results contrast to those observed in women enrolled in the same geographical area, with identical criteria and in the same time range and may be related to sexual dimorphism occurring in clinical expressiveness of both MetS and Op.

Human fossils, morphologically recognized as modern, were uncovered and dated at Qafzeh cave (Israel). This classification demonstrated that Mousterian industries of Middle Paleolithic age were made by populations different from those (i.e. Neanderthals) who produced similar technocomplexes in Europe. The Qafzeh excavations (during 1933-1935 and 1965-1979) followed that previously made in Skhul cave (Mt. Carmel). The Skhul and Qafzeh clusters were dated by TL and ESR readings to the time range of ca. 120-90 Ka BP.While the morphological attributes of the Qafzeh human group became well-known through a series of publications, the ensemble of the burials and their contexts were not published in detail. The goal of this paper is to describe and discuss the information collected during the excavations of the human remains at Qafzeh cave with the aim to offer a few possible interpretations concerning the funerary practices. We have primarily employed our field observations gathered during 1965-1977, raising several hypotheses as regards our more recent comments associated with the published literature. La grotte de Qafzeh (Galilée, Israël) a livré, au cours de fouilles conduites en 1934/1935 et de 1965 à 1979, une importante série de fossiles humains de morphologie moderne accompagnée d’une industrie moustérienne semblable à celle produite en Europe par les Néandertaliens. Ces découvertes succèdent à celles provenant de la grotte de Skhul (1931-1932, Mont Carmel, Israël), elles aussi de morphologie moderne. Ces deux gisements sont datés (TL et ESR) de 120 à 90 ky BP.Alors que les fossiles de Qafzeh ont été largement décrits, leurs contextes, en particulier les sépultures, n’ont pas été publiés en détail. Deux d’entre elles sont exceptionnelles dans un niveau moustérien et les données chronologiques et archéologiques sont en faveur d’une occupation relativement courte du site au Paléolithique moyen. L’objectif de ce travail est de présenter les données recueillies au cours des fouilles récentes et des fouilles de Neuville/Stekelis sur les restes humains et les interprétations que l’on peut en déduire quant aux pratiques funéraires de cette population.

The article analyzes the regulatory documentation governing the creation of automated systems in secure execution, as well as open literature on the problems of designing automated systems in secure execution, their optimization and the development of mathematical models of these systems. Based on the analysis of these sources, an algorithm has been developed that represents the process of creating automated systems in a secure execution in the form of a set of interconnected and time-ordered stages that include the necessary work to create automated systems of the specified type. The creation of automated systems in secure execution in accordance with the algorithm developed in the article will allow us to investigate the automated system being created in secure execution in the time range, reduce the likelihood of errors by developers, resulting in a reduction in time and financial costs, as well as high resistance to security threats to information created as a result system.

Surface studies of developed fingerprints have aided in the elimination of criminal cases before moving to the court. The combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with the aryldiazonium gold(III), 4-O2NC6H4N2+AuCl4-, surface modifier has been shown to be a novel approach in latent fingerprint detection and development for the quantification of film elements. The robust gold-aryl film was developed on the reducing chemicals excreted in the sebaceous fingerprints without the need for external stimuli and at a lesser extent after contacting the free metal surface. The concurrent reduction of the diazonium functional group and gold(III) from [AuCl4]- developed a robust gold-aryl film, which showed increasing gold(0) quantity in the time range of 30-120 min over copper coins and model flat sheets. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) support the presence of reduced gold on the top of the latent fingerprints and the presence of CuO resulting from the reaction of the diazonium salt with copper metal. This research combines the quantification of deposits using XPS, a surface-sensitive technique for chemical analysis, in addition to surface imaging.

Metamorphic processes play a key role in forming orogenic gold deposits. In this paper, we present new evidence that host schists of the two largest gold deposits of the Yenisey ridge (Russia) Olympiada and Eldorado underwent a single stage of metamorphism in contrast to surrounding blocks. This metamorphism is of moderate thermal gradient and belongs to the Barrovian type, which is typical for the collisional event in the time range 800–850 Ma. The new Ar/Ar age data presented in this paper and the review of magmatic and metamorphic events and ore-forming processes indicate that the most productive stage (gold-sulfide-quartz) correlates well in time with the regional metamorphism of the Barrovian type. This indicates that metamorphic processes can have a crucial role in forming gold deposits of the Yenisey ridge. Carbonaceous material thermometry indicates a wide range of obtained temperatures around 90–150 °C around the mean temperature for each sample. The highest temperatures are close to the peak metamorphic temperatures estimated by garnet-biotite thermometry.

Software varies in the domain and has different target users. Also, it is not possible to predict all users' requirements at the system development stage. This situation sheds light on the need to support end-users to adapt their applications to cope with new demands. End-User Development (EUD) is a research area that intends to permit end-users to perform activities beyond application usage. Such activities may involve software tailoring. Considering this, we aim to map EUD towards supporting software with tailoring capabilities. To achieve this goal, we conducted a literature review using a snowballing procedure on the subject, and we found 42 studies in the time range 1997-2020. We analyzed the topic's development in terms of concepts, methodologies to building tailorable software, tools, and we treat issues and implications of tailorable systems development. Finally, we present future works to research and develop tailorable systems based on gaps and opportunities identified.

Złożone zjawisko, jakim jest turystyka, warunkuje rozwój lokalny i regionalny. Działalność turystyczną najczęściej postrzega się przez pryzmat komplementarności w stosunku do podstawowych dziedzin życia społeczno-gospodarczego danego obszaru. Do obszarów pełniących funkcję turystyczną zalicza się te, które ze względu na posiadane walory, infrastrukturę turystyczną i komunikacyjną stanowią punkt docelowy ruchu turystycznego. Celem opracowania jest klasyfikacja oraz ocena zróżnicowania województw Polski ze względu na stopień rozwoju funkcji turystycznej. W badaniu wykorzystano wskaźniki rozwoju funkcji turystycznej: Baretje’a-Deferta, gęstości bazy noclegowej, wskaźnik Schneidera i Deferta. W oparciu o ich wartości ustalono pozycje określające stopień rozwoju funkcji turystycznej w 16 województwach Polski. Zakres czasowy badań, z uwagi na dostępność danych wykorzystanych w opracowaniu, obejmuje lata 2015 i 2019. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie informacji statystycznych pochodzących z bazy danych GUS.