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2. Recommendations and Generic Data Assimilation Tools for the Improvement of CAMS Regional Air Quality Service

Author

Timmermans, Renske, primary, Segers, Arjo, additional, Dammers, Enrico, additional, Jorba, Oriol, additional, Bowdalo, Dene, additional, Fagerli, Hilde, additional, Valdebenito, Alvaro, additional, Colette, Augustin, additional, Descombes, Gaël, additional, Kouznetsov, Rostislav, additional, Uppstu, Andreas, additional, and Schaap, Martijn, additional

Published
2022
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4. Can TROPOMI NO2 satellite data be used to track the drop in and resurgence of NOx emissions in Germany between 2019–2021 using the multi-source plume method (MSPM)?

Author

Dammers, Enrico, Tokaya, Janot, Mielke, Christian, Hausmann, Kevin, Griffin, Debora, McLinden, Chris, Eskes, Henk, and Timmermans, Renske

Subjects
EMISSION inventories, AIR pollutants, STAY-at-home orders, ATMOSPHERIC composition, POLLUTANTS, TRANSSHIPMENT
Abstract

NOx is an important primary air pollutant of major environmental concern which is predominantly produced by anthropogenic combustion activities. NOx needs to be accounted for in national emission inventories, according to international treaties. Constructing accurate inventories requires substantial time and effort, resulting in reporting delays of 1 to 5 years. In addition to this, difficulties can arise from temporal and country-specific legislative and protocol differences. To address these issues, satellite-based atmospheric composition measurements offer a unique opportunity for the independent and large-scale estimation of emissions in a consistent, transparent, and comprehensible manner. Here we test the multi-source plume method (MSPM) to assess the NOx emissions over Germany in the COVID-19 period from 2019–2021. For the years where reporting is available, the differences between satellite estimates and inventory totals were within 75–100 kt (NO2) NOx (<10 % of inventory values). The large reduction in the NOx emissions (∼15 %) concurrent with the COVID-19 lockdowns was observed in both the inventory and satellite-derived emissions. The recent projections for the inventory emissions of 2021 pointed to a recovery of the 2021 emissions towards pre-COVID-19 levels. In the satellite-derived emissions, however, such an increase was not observed. While emissions from the larger power plants did rebound to pre-COVID-19 levels, other sectors such as road transport did not, and the change in emissions is likely due to a reduction in the number of heavier transport trucks compared to the pre-COVID-19 numbers. This again illustrates the value of having a consistent satellite-based methodology for faster emission estimates to guide and check the conventional emission inventory reporting. The method described in this work also meets the demand for independent verification of the official emission inventories, which will enable inventory compilers to detect potentially problematic reporting issues, bolstering transparency and comparability, which are two key values for emission reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Detection and attribution of an anomaly in terrestrial photosynthesis in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown

Author

Tang, Angela Che Ing, primary, Flechard, Christophe R., additional, Arriga, Nicola, additional, Papale, Dario, additional, Stoy, Paul C., additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Cuntz, Matthias, additional, Douros, John, additional, Fares, Silvano, additional, Knohl, Alexander, additional, Šigut, Ladislav, additional, Simioni, Guillaume, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, Grünwald, Thomas, additional, Ibrom, Andreas, additional, Loubet, Benjamin, additional, Mammarella, Ivan, additional, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, additional, Nilsson, Mats, additional, Peichl, Matthias, additional, Rebmann, Corinna, additional, Schmidt, Marius, additional, Bernhofer, Christian, additional, Berveiller, Daniel, additional, Cremonese, Edoardo, additional, El-Madany, Tarek S., additional, Gharun, Mana, additional, Gianelle, Damiano, additional, Hörtnagl, Lukas, additional, Roland, Marilyn, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Fu, Zheng, additional, Heinesch, Bernard, additional, Janssens, Ivan, additional, Kowalska, Natalia, additional, Dušek, Jiří, additional, Gerosa, Giacomo, additional, Mölder, Meelis, additional, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, additional, and Loustau, Denis, additional

Published
2023
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7. Data Assimilation and Air Quality Forecasting

Author

Eskes, Henk, Timmermans, Renske, Curier, Lyana, de Ruyter de Wildt, Martijn, Segers, Arjo, Sauter, Ferd, Schaap, Martijn, Steyn, Douw G., editor, Builtjes, Peter J.H., editor, and Timmermans, Renske M.A., editor

Published
2014
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9. Detection and attribution of an anomaly in terrestrial photosynthesis in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown

Author

Tang, Angela Che Ing, Flechard, Christophe R., Arriga, Nicola, Papale, Dario, Stoy, Paul C., Buchmann, Nina, Cuntz, Matthias, Douros, John, Fares, Silvano, Knohl, Alexander, Šigut, Ladislav, Simioni, Guillaume, Timmermans, Renske, Grünwald, Thomas, Ibrom, Andreas, Loubet, Benjamin, Mammarella, Ivan, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Nilsson, Mats, Peichl, Matthias, Rebmann, Corinna, Schmidt, Marius, Bernhofer, Christian, Berveiller, Daniel, Cremonese, Edoardo, El-Madany, Tarek S., Gharun, Mana, Gianelle, Damiano, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Roland, Marilyn, Varlagin, Andrej, Fu, Zheng, Heinesch, Bernard, Janssens, Ivan, Kowalska, Natalia, Dušek, Jiří, Gerosa, Giacomo, Mölder, Meelis, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Loustau, Denis, Tang, Angela Che Ing, Flechard, Christophe R., Arriga, Nicola, Papale, Dario, Stoy, Paul C., Buchmann, Nina, Cuntz, Matthias, Douros, John, Fares, Silvano, Knohl, Alexander, Šigut, Ladislav, Simioni, Guillaume, Timmermans, Renske, Grünwald, Thomas, Ibrom, Andreas, Loubet, Benjamin, Mammarella, Ivan, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Nilsson, Mats, Peichl, Matthias, Rebmann, Corinna, Schmidt, Marius, Bernhofer, Christian, Berveiller, Daniel, Cremonese, Edoardo, El-Madany, Tarek S., Gharun, Mana, Gianelle, Damiano, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Roland, Marilyn, Varlagin, Andrej, Fu, Zheng, Heinesch, Bernard, Janssens, Ivan, Kowalska, Natalia, Dušek, Jiří, Gerosa, Giacomo, Mölder, Meelis, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, and Loustau, Denis

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake by plant photosynthesis, referred to as gross primary production (GPP) at the ecosystem level, is sensitive to environmental factors, including pollutant exposure, pollutant uptake, and changes in the scattering of solar shortwave irradiance (SWin) − the energy source for photosynthesis. The 2020 spring lockdown due to COVID-19 resulted in improved air quality and atmospheric transparency, providing a unique opportunity to assess the impact of air pollutants on terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, detecting these effects can be challenging as GPP is influenced by other meteorological drivers and management practices. Based on data collected from 44 European ecosystem-scale CO2 flux monitoring stations, we observed significant changes in spring GPP at 34 sites during 2020 compared to 2015–2019. Among these, 14 sites showed an increase in GPP associated with higher SWin, 10 sites had lower GPP linked to atmospheric and soil dryness, and seven sites were subjected to management practices. The remaining three sites exhibited varying dynamics, with one experiencing colder and rainier weather resulting in lower GPP, and two showing higher GPP associated with earlier spring melts. Analysis using the regional atmospheric chemical transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) indicated that the ozone (O3) concentration remained relatively unchanged at the research sites, making it unlikely that O3 exposure was the dominant factor driving the primary production anomaly. In contrast, SWin increased by 9.4 % at 36 sites, suggesting enhanced GPP possibly due to reduced aerosol optical depth and cloudiness. Our findings indicate that air pollution and cloudiness may weaken the terrestrial carbon sink by up to 16 %. Accurate and continuous ground-based observations are crucial for detecting and attributing subtle changes in terrestrial ecosystem functioning in response to environmental

Published
2023

12. Introduction to the AQ-WATCH multi-model air quality forecast system

Author

Li, Cathy Wing Yi, primary, Sofiev, Mikhail, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Pfister, Gabriele, additional, Kumar, Rajesh, additional, Deroubaix, Adrien, additional, Huneeus, Nicolas, additional, Opazo, Mariel, additional, Caballero, Tomas, additional, Mo, Dan, additional, Zhang, Xuelei, additional, Leufen, Lukas Hubert, additional, Kleinert, Felix, additional, Schultz, Martin, additional, Granier, Claire, additional, Basart, Sara, additional, Salvi, Olivier, additional, Caillard, Bastien, additional, and Brasseur, Guy, additional

Published
2023
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13. Detection and Attribution of an Anomaly in Terrestrial Photosynthesis in Europe During the Covid-19 Lockdown

Author

Tang, Angela C. I., primary, Flechard, Christophe R., additional, Arriga, Nicola, additional, Papale, Dario, additional, Stoy, Paul. C., additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Cuntz, Matthias, additional, Douros, John, additional, Fares, Silvano, additional, Knohl, Alexander, additional, Šigut, Ladislav, additional, Simioni, Guillaume, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, Grünwald, Thomas, additional, Ibrom, Andreas, additional, Loubet, Benjamin, additional, Mammarella, Ivan, additional, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, additional, Nilsson, Mats B., additional, Peichl, Matthias, additional, Rebmann, Corinna, additional, Schmidt, Marius, additional, Bernhofer, Christian, additional, Berveiller, Daniel, additional, Cremonese, Edoardo, additional, El-Madany, Tarek S., additional, Gharun, Mana, additional, Gianelle, Damiano, additional, Hörtnagl, Lukas, additional, Roland, Marilyn, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Fu, Zheng, additional, Heinesch, Bernard, additional, Janssens, Ivan A., additional, Kowalska, Natalia, additional, Dušek, Jiří, additional, Gerosa, Giacomo, additional, Mölder, Meelis, additional, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, additional, and Loustau, Denis, additional

Published
2023
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18. Introduction to the AQ-WATCH project and its multi-model air quality forecast system 

Author

Li, Cathy Wing Yi, primary, Brasseur, Guy, additional, Sofiev, Mikhail, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, Kumar, Rajesh, additional, Pfister, Gabriele, additional, Mo, Dan, additional, Granier, Claire, additional, Doumbia, Thierno, additional, Basart, Sara, additional, Salvi, Olivier, additional, Caillard, Bastien, additional, and Boose, Yvonne, additional

Published
2022
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19. Air Quality: From Science to Action

Author

Brasseur, Guy, primary, Li, Cathy, additional, Granier, Claire, additional, Doumbia, Thierno, additional, Sofiev, Mikhail, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, Pfister, Gabriele, additional, Kumar, Rajesh, additional, Basart, Sara, additional, Salvi, Olivier, additional, Caillard, Bastien, additional, and Boose, Yvonne, additional

Published
2022
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22. Can TROPOMI-NO2 satellite data be used to track the drop and resurgence of NOx emissions between 2019 - 2021 using the multi-source plume method (MSPM)?

Author

Dammers, Enrico, Tokaya, Janot, Mielke, Christian, Hausmann, Kevin, Griffin, Debora, McLinden, Chris, Eskes, Henk, and Timmermans, Renske

Subjects
EMISSION inventories, AIR pollutants, GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, ATMOSPHERIC composition, ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking, INVENTORIES
Abstract

NOx is an important primary air pollutant, dominantly produced by anthropogenic, mostly combustion based, activities from sectors such as industry, traffic and transport. NOx is directly linked to negative health and environmental impacts. Currently, the construction of emission inventories to keep track of NOx emissions is based on official national reported emissions and prOxies such as activity data as well as direct measurements. The effort to properly construct an accurate inventory is significant and time consuming which causes a reporting offset between one and five years with respect to the current date. Next to this temporal lag difficulties in composed inventories can arise from legislative and protocol differences between countries and over time in reporting of emissions. Satellite based atmospheric composition measurements provide a unique opportunity to fill this gap and independently estimate emissions on a large scale in a consistent, transparent and comprehensible way. They give the possibility to check for compliance with emission reduction targets in a timely manner as well as to observe rapid emission reductions such as experienced during the COVID-19 lock-downs. In this study we apply a consistent methodology to derive NOx emissions over Germany for the years of 2019-2021. For the years where reporting is available differences between satellite estimates and inventory totals were within 100kt. The large reduction of NOx emissions related to the COVID-19 lock-downs were observed in both the inventory and satellite derived emissions. The recent projections for the inventory emissions pointed to a recovery of the emissions towards pre-COVID19 levels this increase was not observed. While emissions from the larger power-plants did rebound to earlier levels, others sectors such as road transport and shipping did not and could be linked to a reduction in the number of heavier transport trucks. This again illustrates the value of having a consistent satellite based methodology for faster projections to guide and check the conventional emission inventory reporting. The method described in this manuscript also meet the demand for independent verification of the official emission inventories, which will enable inventory compilers to detect potentially problematic reporting issues. Transparency and comparability, two key values for emission reporting, are thus bolstered by this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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25. Estimating lockdown-induced European NO2 changes using satellite and surface observations and air quality models

Author

Barré, Jérôme, Petetin, Hervé, Colette, Augustin, Guevara, Marc, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, Rouil, Laurence, Engelen, Richard, Inness, Antje, Flemming, Johannes, Pérez García-Pando, Carlos, Bowdalo, Dene, Meleux, Frederik, Geels, Camilla, Christensen, Jesper, Gauss, Michael, Benedictow, Anna, Tsyro, Svetlana, Friese, Elmar, Struzewska, Joanna, Kaminski, Jacek, Douros, John, Timmermans, Renske, Robertson, Lennart, Adani, Mario, Jorba, Oriol, Joly, Mathieu, Kouznetsov, Rostislav, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research (RIU), University of Cologne, INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WARSAW POL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), and Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ddc:550
Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of NO2 changes across the main European urban areas induced by COVID-19 lockdowns using satellite retrievals from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5p satellite, surface site measurements, and simulations from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) regional ensemble of air quality models. Some recent TROPOMI-based estimates of changes in atmospheric NO2 concentrations have neglected the influence of weather variability between the reference and lockdown periods. Here we provide weather-normalized estimates based on a machine learning method (gradient boosting) along with an assessment of the biases that can be expected from methods that omit the influence of weather. We also compare the weather-normalized satellite-estimated NO2 column changes with weather-normalized surface NO2 concentration changes and the CAMS regional ensemble, composed of 11 models, using recently published estimates of emission reductions induced by the lockdown. All estimates show similar NO2 reductions. Locations where the lockdown measures were stricter show stronger reductions, and, conversely, locations where softer measures were implemented show milder reductions in NO2 pollution levels. Average reduction estimates based on either satellite observations (−23 %), surface stations (−43 %), or models (−32 %) are presented, showing the importance of vertical sampling but also the horizontal representativeness. Surface station estimates are significantly changed when sampled to the TROPOMI overpasses (−37 %), pointing out the importance of the variability in time of such estimates. Observation-based machine learning estimates show a stronger temporal variability than model-based estimates.

Published
2021
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26. Estimating lockdown induced European NO2 changes

Author

Barré, Jérôme, Petetin, Hervé, Colette, Augustin, Guevara, Marc, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, Rouil, Laurence, Engelen, Richard, Inness, Antje, Flemming, Johannes, Pérez García-Pando, Carlos, Bowdalo, Dene, Meleux, Frederik, Geels, Camilla, Christensen, Jesper H., Gauss, Michael, Benedictow, Anna, Tsyro, Svetlana, Friese, Elmar, Struzewska, Joanna, Kaminski, Jacek W., Douros, John, Timmermans, Renske, Robertson, Lennart, Adani, Mario, Jorba, Oriol, Joly, Mathieu, and Kouznetsov, Rostislav

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of NO2 changes across the main European urban areas induced by the COVID-19 lockdown using satellite retrievals from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), surface site measurements and simulations from the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) regional ensemble of air quality models. Some recent TROPOMI-based estimates of NO2 changes have neglected the influence of weather variability between the reference and lockdown periods. Here we provide weather-normalized estimates based on a machine learning method (gradient boosting) along with an assessment of the biases that can be expected from methods that omit the influence of weather. We also compare the weather-normalized satellite NO2 column changes with both weather-normalized surface NO2 concentration changes and simulated changes by the CAMS regional ensemble, composed of 11 models, using recently published emission reductions induced by the lockdown. We show that all estimates show the same tendency on NO2 reductions. Locations where the lockdown was stricter show stronger reductions and, conversely, locations where softer measures were implemented show milder reductions in NO2 pollution levels. Regarding average reductions, estimates based on either satellite observations (−23 %) surface stations (−43 %) or models (−32 %) are presented, showing the importance of vertical sampling but also the horizontal representativeness. Surface station estimates are significantly changed when sampled to the TROPOMI overpasses (−37 %) pointing out the importance of the variability in time of such estimates. Observation based machine learning estimates show a stronger temporal variability than the model-based estimates.

Published
2020

29. PASODOBLE AIRSHEDS: Regional Operational Air Quality Forecasts to Bridge the Gap Between Continental Scale and Local/Urban Scale Services

Author

Hendriks, Carlijn, primary, Timmermans, Renske, additional, de Ruyter de Wildt, Martijn, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, Balis, Dimitris, additional, Katragkou, Eleni, additional, Sofiev, Michael, additional, Talbot, Charles, additional, Elbern, Hendrik, additional, Schaap, Martijn, additional, and Erbertseder, Thilo, additional

Published
2013
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32. Estimating lockdown induced European NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; changes

Author

Barré, Jérôme, primary, Petetin, Hervé, additional, Colette, Augustin, additional, Guevara, Marc, additional, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, additional, Rouil, Laurence, additional, Engelen, Richard, additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Pérez García-Pando, Carlos, additional, Bowdalo, Dene, additional, Meleux, Frederik, additional, Geels, Camilla, additional, Christensen, Jesper H., additional, Gauss, Michael, additional, Benedictow, Anna, additional, Tsyro, Svetlana, additional, Friese, Elmar, additional, Struzewska, Joanna, additional, Kaminski, Jacek W., additional, Douros, John, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, Robertson, Lennart, additional, Adani, Mario, additional, Jorba, Oriol, additional, Joly, Mathieu, additional, and Kouznetsov, Rostislav, additional

Published
2020
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33. Benefit of ozone observations from Sentinel-5P and future Sentinel-4 missions on tropospheric composition

Author

Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, primary, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, Lahoz, William A., additional, Abida, Rachid, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Zbinden, Régina, additional, Piacentini, Andrea, additional, Joly, Mathieu, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Oude Nijhuis, Albert Christiaan Plechelmus, additional, Tamminen, Johanna, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, and Veefkind, Pepijn, additional

Published
2020
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34. Impact of synthetic spaceborne NO2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5p platforms on tropospheric NO2 analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, Abida, Rachid, Attié, Jean-Luc, Amraoui, Laaziz, Eskes, Henk, Haan, Johan, Kujanpää, Jukka, Lahoz, William, Oude Nijhuis, Albert, Quesada, Samuel, Ricaud, Philippe, Veefkind, Pepijn, and Schaap, Martijn

Abstract

We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) dedicated to the evaluation of the added value of the Sentinel 4 and Sentinel 5P missions for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Sentinel 4 is a geostationary (GEO) mission covering the European continent, providing observations with high temporal resolution (hourly). Sentinel 5P is a low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) mission providing daily observations but with a global coverage. The OSSE experiment has been carefully designed, with separate models for the simulation of observations and for the assimilation experiments, and with conservative estimates of the total observation uncertainties. In the experiment we simulate Sentinel 4 and Sentinel 5P tropospheric NO2 columns and surface ozone concentrations at 7 by 7 km resolution over Europe for two three-month summer and winter periods. The synthetic observations are based on a nature run (NR) from a chemistry transport model (MOCAGE) and error estimates using instrument characteristics. We assimilate the simulated observations into a chemistry transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) independent from the NR to evaluate their impact on modelled NO2 tropospheric columns and surface concentrations. The results are compared to an operational system where only ground-based ozone observations are ingested. Both instruments have an added value on analysed NO2 columns and surface values, reflected in decreased biases, and improved correlations. The Sentinel 4 NO2 observations with hourly temporal resolution benefit modelled NO2 analyses throughout the entire day where the daily Sentinel 5P NO2 observations have a slightly lower impact that lasts up to 3–6 hours after overpass. The evaluated benefits may be even higher in reality as the applied error estimates were shown to be higher than actual errors in the now operational Sentinel 5P NO2 products. We show that an accurate representation of the NO2 profile is crucial for the benefit of the column observations on surface values. The results support the need for having a combination of GEO and LEO missions for NO2 analyses in view of the complementary benefits of hourly temporal resolution (GEO, Sentinel 4) and global coverage (LEO, Sentinel 5P).

Published
2019

35. Impact of synthetic space-borne NO2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions on tropospheric NO2 analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, Schaap, Martijn, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, Abida, Rachid, Attié, Jean-Luc, Amraoui, Laaziz El, Eskes, Henk, Haan, Johan De, and Kujanpää, Jukka [U.V.M.]

Subjects
Sentinel-5P, tropospheric NO2 analyses, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie, Sentinel-4
Abstract

We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) dedicated to the evaluation of the added value of the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Sentinel-4 is a geostationary (GEO) mission covering the European continent, providing observations with high temporal resolution (hourly). Sentinel-5P is a low Earth orbit (LEO) mission providing daily observations with a global coverage. The OSSE experiment has been carefully designed, with separate models for the simulation of observations and for the assimilation experiments and with conservative estimates of the total observation uncertainties. In the experiment we simulate Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P tropospheric NO2 columns and surface ozone concentrations at 7 by 7 km resolution over Europe for two 3-month summer and winter periods. The synthetic observations are based on a nature run (NR) from a chemistry transport model (MOCAGE) and error estimates using instrument characteristics. We assimilate the simulated observations into a chemistry transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) independent of the NR to evaluate their impact on modelled NO2 tropospheric columns and surface concentrations. The results are compared to an operational system where only ground-based ozone observations are ingested. Both instruments have an added value to analysed NO2 columns and surface values, reflected in decreased biases and improved correlations. The Sentinel-4 NO2 observations with hourly temporal resolution benefit modelled NO2 analyses throughout the entire day where the daily Sentinel-5P NO2 observations have a slightly lower impact that lasts up to 3–6 h after overpass. The evaluated benefits may be even higher in reality as the applied error estimates were shown to be higher than actual errors in the now operational Sentinel-5P NO2 products. We show that an accurate representation of the NO2 profile is crucial for the benefit of the column observations on surface values. The results support the need for having a combination of GEO and LEO missions for NO2 analyses in view of the complementary benefits of hourly temporal resolution (GEO, Sentinel-4) and global coverage (LEO, Sentinel-5P).

Published
2019
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36. Impact of synthetic space-borne NO 2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions on tropospheric NO 2 analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, Abida, Rachid, Attié, Jean-Luc, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Eskes, Henk, de Haan, Johan, Kujanpää, Jukka, Lahoz, William, Oude Nijhuis, Albert, Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, Ricaud, Philippe, Veefkind, Pepijn, Schaap, Martijn, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; The amount of ice injected up to the tropical tropopause layer has a strong radiative impact on climate. In the tropics, the Maritime Continent (MariCont) region presents the largest injection of ice by deep convection into the upper troposphere (UT) and tropopause level (TL) (from results presented in the companion paper Part 1). This study focuses on the MariCont region and aims to assess the processes, the areas and the diurnal amount and duration of ice injected by deep convection over islands and over seas using a 2 • × 2 • horizontal resolution during the austral convective season of December, January and February. The model presented in the companion paper is used to estimate the amount of ice injected (∆IWC) up to the TL by combining ice water content (IWC) measured twice a day in tropical UT and TL by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; Version 4.2), from 2004 to 2017, and precipitation (Prec) measurement from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM; Version 007) at high temporal resolution (1 hour). The horizontal distribution of ∆IWC estimated from Prec (∆IWC P rec) is presented at 2 • × 2 • horizontal resolution over the MariCont. ∆IWC is also evaluated by using the number of lightnings (Flash) from the TRMM-LIS instrument (Lightning Imaging Sensor, from 2004 to 2015 at 1-h and 0.25 • ×0.25 • resolutions). ∆IWC P rec and ∆IWC estimated from Flash (∆IWC F lash) are compared to ∆IWC estimated from the ERA5 reanalyses (∆IWC ERA5) degrading the vertical resolution to that of MLS observations (∆IW C ERA5). Our study shows that, while the diurnal cycles of Prec and Flash are consistent to each other in timing and phase over lands and different over offshore and coastal areas of the MariCont, the observational ∆IWC range between ∆IWC P rec and ∆IWC F lash is small (to within 4-20% over land and to within 6-50% over ocean) in the UT and TL. The reanalysis ∆IWC range between ∆IWC ERA5 and ∆IW C ERA5 has been also found to be small in the UT (22-32 %) but large in the TL (68-71 %), highlighting the stronger impact of the vertical resolution on the TL than in the UT. Combining observational and reanalysis ∆IWC ranges, the total ∆IWC range is estimated in the UT between 4.17 and 9.97 mg m-3 (20 % of variability per study zone) over land and between 0.35 and 4.37 mg m-3 (30% of variability per study zone) over sea, and, in the TL, between 0.63 and 3.65 mg m-3 (70% of variability per study zone) over land and between 0.04 and 0.74 mg m-3 (80% of variability per study zone) over sea. Finally, from IWC ERA5 , Prec and Flash, this study highlights 1) ∆IWC over land has been found larger than ∆IWC over sea, and 2) the Java Island is the area of the largest ∆IWC in the UT (7.89-8.72 mg m-3 daily mean).

Published
2019
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37. Impact of synthetic space-borne NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions on tropospheric NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, primary, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, Abida, Rachid, additional, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Lahoz, William, additional, Oude Nijhuis, Albert, additional, Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, Veefkind, Pepijn, additional, and Schaap, Martijn, additional

Published
2019
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39. Ensemble forecasts of air quality in eastern China – Part 2: Evaluation of the MarcoPolo–Panda prediction system, version 1

Author

Petersen, Anna Katinka, primary, Brasseur, Guy P., additional, Bouarar, Idir, additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Gauss, Michael, additional, Jiang, Fei, additional, Kouznetsov, Rostislav, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Mijling, Bas, additional, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, additional, Pommier, Matthieu, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Sofiev, Mikhail, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, Walters, Stacy, additional, Xie, Ying, additional, Xu, Jianming, additional, and Zhou, Guangqiang, additional

Published
2019
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40. Impact of synthetic spaceborne NO2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5p platforms on tropospheric NO2 analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, primary, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, Abida, Rachid, additional, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Lahoz, William, additional, Oude Nijhuis, Albert, additional, Quesada, Samuel, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, Veefkind, Pepijn, additional, and Schaap, Martijn, additional

Published
2019
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41. Benefit of ozone observations from Sentinel-5P and future Sentinel-4 missions on tropospheric composition

Author

Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, primary, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, Lahoz, William A., additional, Abida, Rachid, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Zbinden, Régina, additional, Piacentini, Andrea, additional, Joly, Mathieu, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Oude-Nijhuis, Albert, additional, Tamminen, Johanna, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, and Veefkind, Pepijn, additional

Published
2019
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42. Ensemble forecasts of air quality in eastern China – Part 1: Model description and implementation of the MarcoPolo–Panda prediction system, version 1

Author

Brasseur, Guy P., primary, Xie, Ying, additional, Petersen, Anna Katinka, additional, Bouarar, Idir, additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Gauss, Michael, additional, Jiang, Fei, additional, Kouznetsov, Rostislav, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Mijling, Bas, additional, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, additional, Pommier, Matthieu, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Sofiev, Mikhail, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, Walters, Stacy, additional, Xu, Jianming, additional, and Zhou, Guangqiang, additional

Published
2019
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44. Ensemble Forecasts of Air Quality in Eastern China – Part 2. Evaluation of the MarcoPolo-Panda Prediction System, Version 1

Author

Petersen, Anna Katinka, primary, Brasseur, Guy P., additional, Bouarar, Idir, additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Gauss, Michael, additional, Jiang, Fei, additional, Kouznetsov, Rostislav, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Mijling, Bas, additional, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, additional, Pommier, Matthieu, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Sofiev, Mikhail, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, Walters, Stacy, additional, Xie, Ying, additional, Xu, Jianming, additional, and Zhou, Guangqiang, additional

Published
2018
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45. Ensemble Forecasts of Air Quality in Eastern China – Part 1. Model Description and Implementation of the MarcoPolo-Panda Prediction System

Author

Brasseur, Guy P., primary, Xie, Ying, additional, Petersen, A. Katinka, additional, Bouarar, Idir, additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Gauss, Michael, additional, Jiang, Fei, additional, Kouznetsov, Rostislav, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Mijling, Bas, additional, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, additional, Pommier, Matthieu, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Sofiev, Mikhail, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, Walters, Stacy, additional, Xu, Jianming, additional, and Zhou, Guanhqiang, additional

Published
2018
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47. Curriculum vitae of the LOTOS–EUROS (v2.0) chemistry transport model

Author

Manders, Astrid M. M., primary, Builtjes, Peter J. H., additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A. C., additional, Hendriks, Carlijn, additional, Jonkers, Sander, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Kuenen, Jeroen J. P., additional, Segers, Arjo J., additional, Timmermans, Renske M. A., additional, Visschedijk, Antoon J. H., additional, Wichink Kruit, Roy J., additional, van Pul, W. Addo J., additional, Sauter, Ferd J., additional, van der Swaluw, Eric, additional, Swart, Daan P. J., additional, Douros, John, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, van Meijgaard, Erik, additional, van Ulft, Bert, additional, van Velthoven, Peter, additional, Banzhaf, Sabine, additional, Mues, Andrea C., additional, Stern, Rainer, additional, Fu, Guangliang, additional, Lu, Sha, additional, Heemink, Arnold, additional, van Velzen, Nils, additional, and Schaap, Martijn, additional

Published
2017
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48. Impact of spaceborne carbon monoxide observations from the S-5P platform on tropospheric composition analyses and forecasts

Author

Abida, Rachid, primary, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, Lahoz, William, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Nijhuis, Albert Oude, additional, Tamminen, Johanna, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, and Veefkind, Pepijn, additional

Published
2017
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49. Impact of synthetic spaceborne NO2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5p platforms on tropospheric NO2 analyses.

Author

Timmermans, Renske, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, Abida, Rachid, Attié, Jean-Luc, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Eskes, Henk, de Haan, Johan, Kujanpää, Jukka, Lahoz, William, Nijhuis, Albert Oude, Quesada, Samuel, Ricaud, Philippe, Veefkind, Pepijn, and Schaap, Martijn

Abstract

We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) dedicated to the evaluation of the added value of the Sentinel 4 and Sentinel 5P missions for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Sentinel 4 is a geostationary (GEO) mission covering the European continent, providing observations with high temporal resolution (hourly). Sentinel 5P is a low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) mission providing daily observations but with a global coverage. The OSSE experiment has been carefully designed, with separate models for the simulation of observations and for the assimilation experiments, and with conservative estimates of the total observation uncertainties. In the experiment we simulate Sentinel 4 and Sentinel 5P tropospheric NO2 columns and surface ozone concentrations at 7 by 7 km resolution over Europe for two three-month summer and winter periods. The synthetic observations are based on a nature run (NR) from a chemistry transport model (MOCAGE) and error estimates using instrument characteristics. We assimilate the simulated observations into a chemistry transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) independent from the NR to evaluate their impact on modelled NO2 tropospheric columns and surface concentrations. The results are compared to an operational system where only ground-based ozone observations are ingested. Both instruments have an added value on analysed NO2 columns and surface values, reflected in decreased biases, and improved correlations. The Sentinel 4 NO2 observations with hourly temporal resolution benefit modelled NO2 analyses throughout the entire day where the daily Sentinel 5P NO2 observations have a slightly lower impact that lasts up to 3–6 hours after overpass. The evaluated benefits may be even higher in reality as the applied error estimates were shown to be higher than actual errors in the now operational Sentinel 5P NO2 products. We show that an accurate representation of the NO2 profile is crucial for the benefit of the column observations on surface values. The results support the need for having a combination of GEO and LEO missions for NO2 analyses in view of the complementary benefits of hourly temporal resolution (GEO, Sentinel 4) and global coverage (LEO, Sentinel 5P). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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50. Benefit of ozone observations from Sentinel-5P and future Sentinel-4 missions on tropospheric composition.

Author

Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, Attié, Jean-Luc, Lahoz, William A., Abida, Rachid, Ricaud, Philippe, Amraoui, Laaziz El, Zbinden, Régina, Piacentini, Andrea, Joly, Mathieu, Eskes, Henk, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, de Haan, Johan, Kujanpää, Jukka, Oude-Nijhuis, Albert, Tamminen, Johanna, Timmermans, Renske, and Veefkind, Pepijn

Subjects
TROPOSPHERIC chemistry, LOW earth orbit satellites, OZONIZATION, NEAR infrared radiation, GEOSTATIONARY satellites, EIGENVECTORS
Abstract

We present an observing simulated system experiment (OSSE) dedicated to evaluate the potential added value from the Sentinel-4 and the Sentinel-5P observations on tropospheric ozone composition. For this purpose, the ozone data of Sentinel-4 (Ultraviolet Visible Near-infrared) and Sentinel-5P (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) onboard a geostationary (GEO) and a low Earth orbit (LEO) platform, respectively, has been simulated for the summer 2003. To ensure the robustness of the results, the OSSE has been configured with conservative assumptions. We simulate the reality by combining two chemistry transport models (CTMs): the Long Term Ozone Simulation-European Operational Smog (LOTOS-EUROS) and the Transport Model version 5 (TM5). The assimilation system is based on a different CTM, the MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle (MOCAGE), combined with the 3D variational technique. The background error covariance matrix does not evolve in time and its variance is proportional to the field values. The simulated data are formed of six eigenvectors to minimize the size of the dataset by removing the noise-dominated part of the observations. The results show that the satellite data clearly bring direct added value around 200 hPa for the whole assimilation period and for the whole European domain, while a likely indirect added value is identified but not for the whole period and domain at 500 hPa, and to a lower extent at 700 hPa. In addition, the ozone added value from Sentinel-5P (LEO) appears close to that from Sentinel-4 (GEO) in the free troposphere (200-500 hPa) in our OSSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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