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4. Economic evaluation of the OSAC randomised controlled trial: oral corticosteroids for non-asthmatic adults with acute lower respiratory tract infection in primary care

Author

Moure-Fernandez, Aida, primary, Hollinghurst, Sandra, additional, Carroll, Fran E, additional, Downing, Harriet, additional, Young, Grace, additional, Brookes, Sara, additional, May, Margaret, additional, El-Gohary, Magdy, additional, Harnden, Anthony, additional, Kendrick, Denise, additional, Lafond, Natasher, additional, Little, Paul, additional, Moore, Michael, additional, Orton, Elizabeth, additional, Thompson, Matthew, additional, Timmins, David, additional, Wang, Kay, additional, and Hay, Alastair D, additional

Published
2020
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5. Empirical effects of Restatement (Second) and other versions of modern product liability doctrine.

Author

Worthington, William A. and Timmins, David H.

Subjects
Products liability -- Laws, regulations and rules, Strict liability -- Economic aspects, Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (113 S. Ct. 2786 (1993)), Frye v. United States (293 F. 1013 (D.C. Cir. 1923)), Restatement (Second) of Torts (s. 402A)
Abstract

Strict products liability was originally intended as a form of loss spreading to compensate injured consumers, but it has become a burden on American industry that has suppressed product development and innovation. The frequency of products liability suits and the size of such awards have overwhelmed industry's ability to absorb the costs of strict liability. The impact of strict liability has reached into the insurance industry, into research and development, and into the field of professional experts. The courts have only recently addressed limitations on the growth of the expert industry.

Published
1993

6. LETTERS

Author

Larsen, Paula, Norman, Maude, Garay, Shelley Smith, Eatough, Norman L., Quinlan, Thomas J., Timmins, David, Moloney, Karen M., and Hubble, Robert

Published
1990
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7. LETTERS

Author

Richardson, Ron, Walker, Steve, Foster, Craig L., Larson, Stan, Harris, Paul, Grunder, Rick, MacInnis, Milton E., and Timmins, David Brighton

Published
1988
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9. LETTERS

Author

Chamberlain, Mark, Timmins, David B., Homer, Michael W., Thompson, Stephen E., Vogel, Dan, and Jones, Garth N.

Published
1995
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10. LETTERS

Author

Barber, Alan E., Timmins, David B., Taylor, Sam, Taylor, Shari, Wittorf, John H., Hoins, Laurence F., and Rossiter, Deborah

Published
1995
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11. Effect of Oral Prednisolone on Symptom Duration and Severity in Nonasthmatic Adults With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

Author

Hay, Alastair D., primary, Little, Paul, additional, Harnden, Anthony, additional, Thompson, Matthew, additional, Wang, Kay, additional, Kendrick, Denise, additional, Orton, Elizabeth, additional, Brookes, Sara T., additional, Young, Grace J., additional, May, Margaret, additional, Hollinghurst, Sandra, additional, Carroll, Fran E., additional, Downing, Harriet, additional, Timmins, David, additional, Lafond, Natasher, additional, El-Gohary, Magdy, additional, and Moore, Michael, additional

Published
2017
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16. Can oral corticosteroids reduce the severity or duration of an acute cough, and the associated National Health Service and societal costs, in adults presenting to primary care? Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Author

Downing, Harriet E., Carroll, Fran, Brookes, Sara T., Hollinghurst, Sandra, Timmins, David, Orton, Elizabeth, Wang, Kay, Kendrick, Denise, Little, Paul, Moore, Mike V., Harnden, Anthony, Thompson, Matthew, May, Margaret T., and Hay, Alastair D.

Subjects
CORTICOSTEROIDS, ANTITUSSIVE agents, COUGH, EXPIRATORY flow, PRIMARY care
Abstract

Background: Acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the most common conditions managed internationally and is costly to health services and patients. Despite good evidence that antibiotics are not effective for improving the symptoms of uncomplicated LRTI, they are widely prescribed, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Many of the symptoms observed in LRTI are mediated by inflammatory processes also observed in exacerbations of asthma, for which there is strong evidence of corticosteroid effectiveness. The primary aim of the OSAC (Oral Steroids for Acute Cough) Trial is to determine whether oral prednisolone (40 mg daily for 5 days) can reduce the duration of moderately bad (or worse) cough and the severity of all its associated symptoms on days 2 to 4 post-randomisation (day 1 is trial entry) by at least 20% in adults ⩾18 years with acute LRTI presenting to primary care. Methods/design: OSAC is a two-arm, multi-centre, placebo-controlled, randomised superiority trial. The target sample size is 436 patients, which allows for a 20% dropout rate. Patients will be recruited from primary care sites (General Practitioner surgeries) across England and followed up until symptom resolution. The two primary clinical outcomes are the duration of moderately bad (or worse) cough, and the severity of all its associated symptoms on days 2 to 4 post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes include: antibiotic consumption; symptom burden; adverse events; participant satisfaction with treatment and intention to consult for future similar illnesses. A parallel economic evaluation will investigate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Discussion: Results from the OSAC trial will increase knowledge regarding the clinical and cost-effectiveness of corticosteroids for LRTI, and will establish the potential of a new treatment option that could substantially improve patient health. We have chosen a relatively high 'efficacy dose' as this will enable us to decide on the potential for further research into lower dose oral and/or inhaled corticosteroids. This trial will also contribute to a growing body of research investigating the natural course of this very common illness, as well as the effects of steroids on the undesirable inflammatory symptoms associated with infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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17. Effect of oral prednisolone on symptom duration and severity in nonasthmatic adults with acute lower respiratory tract infection: a randomized clinical trial

Author

Hay, Alastair D., Little, Paul, Harnden, Anthony, Thompson, Matthew, Wang, Kay, Kendrick, Denise, Orton, Elizabeth, Brookes, Sara T., Young, Grace J., May, Margaret, Hollinghurst, Sandra, Carroll, Fran E., Downing, Harriet, Timmins, David, Hay, Alastair D., Little, Paul, Harnden, Anthony, Thompson, Matthew, Wang, Kay, Kendrick, Denise, Orton, Elizabeth, Brookes, Sara T., Young, Grace J., May, Margaret, Hollinghurst, Sandra, Carroll, Fran E., Downing, Harriet, and Timmins, David

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18. Can oral corticosteroids reduce the severity or duration of an acute cough, and the associated National Health Service and societal costs, in adults presenting to primary care?: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Author

Downing, Harriet E., Carroll, Fran, Brookes, Sara T., Hollinghurst, Sandra, Timmins, David, Orton, Elizabeth, Wang, Kay, Kendrick, Denise, Little, Paul, Moore, Mike V., Harnden, Anthony, Thompson, Matthew, May, Margaret T., Hay, Alastair D., Downing, Harriet E., Carroll, Fran, Brookes, Sara T., Hollinghurst, Sandra, Timmins, David, Orton, Elizabeth, Wang, Kay, Kendrick, Denise, Little, Paul, Moore, Mike V., Harnden, Anthony, Thompson, Matthew, May, Margaret T., and Hay, Alastair D.

Abstract

Background: Acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the most common conditions managed internationally and is costly to health services and patients. Despite good evidence that antibiotics are not effective for improving the symptoms of uncomplicated LRTI, they are widely prescribed, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Many of the symptoms observed in LRTI are mediated by inflammatory processes also observed in exacerbations of asthma, for which there is strong evidence of corticosteroid effectiveness. The primary aim of the OSAC (Oral Steroids for Acute Cough) Trial is to determine whether oral prednisolone (40 mg daily for 5 days) can reduce the duration of moderately bad (or worse) cough and the severity of all its associated symptoms on days 2 to 4 post-randomisation (day 1 is trial entry) by at least 20% in adults ≥18 years with acute LRTI presenting to primary care. Methods/design: OSAC is a two-arm, multi-centre, placebo-controlled, randomised superiority trial. The target sample size is 436 patients, which allows for a 20% dropout rate. Patients will be recruited from primary care sites (General Practitioner surgeries) across England and followed up until symptom resolution. The two primary clinical outcomes are the duration of moderately bad (or worse) cough, and the severity of all its associated symptoms on days 2 to 4 post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes include: antibiotic consumption; symptom burden; adverse events; participant satisfaction with treatment and intention to consult for future similar illnesses. A parallel economic evaluation will investigate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Discussion: Results from the OSAC trial will increase knowledge regarding the clinical and cost-effectiveness of corticosteroids for LRTI, and will establish the potential of a new treatment option that could substantially improve patient health. We have chosen a relatively high ‘efficacy dose’ as this will enable us to decide on th

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19. FEEDBACK.

Author

Timmins, David, Kellman, Norman M., Bearden, Fred, Roseberry, Christopher, and Tippie Jr., Daniel

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *AIRCRAFT industry laws, *SPACE colonies, *EMISSIONS (Air pollution), *COMPUTERS
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles from previous issues including "After Rockets," about space colonization, from the October 24, 2011 issue, "No Good Will Come From E.U.'s Plan," about airline emissions fees, from the October 17, 2011 issue, and "Hyperspeed Computing," from the October 24, 2011 issue.

Published
2011

20. FEEDBACK.

Author

Andersson, Matt, Timmins, David, Flagg, Marcus, Pepin-Donat, Bryan F., and Blessing, Martin

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *BOEING 787 Dreamliner (Jet transport), *AIRLINE security
Abstract

Letters to the editor are presented in response to articles including "First 787 Delivery in Tokyo This Week" by Michael Mecham in the September 26, 2011 issue, "Assessing Risk" in the September 12, 2011 issue on U.S. aviation security, and "Muddled Vision" by Pierre Sparaco in the September 19, 2011 issue on the aircraft companies Boeing and Airbus.

Published
2011

21. Battery charger auto cutout.

Author

Timmins, David

Subjects
*BATTERY chargers, DESIGN & construction
Abstract

Highlights a design and construction idea for a battery automobile cutout circuit. Circuit description; Use of an op-amp to compare the battery voltage against a preset reference voltage; Supply filtering.

Published
1996

22. LETTERS.

Author

Dlouby, David B., Blood, Peter R., Timmins, David, Steigman, Andrew L., Rosinus, Gunther K., and Tremblay, Donald R.

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *RETIREMENT
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including two articles on the U.S. State Departments retirement system in the March 2005 issue, "The Good Old Days," by Fred Purely in the January 2005 issue, and an article by Barbara Furst in the January 2005 issue.

Published
2005

23. Foreign Service Members Speak Out on Directed Assignments.

Author

Hohman, Jerome P., Folmsbee, Paul, Munter, Cameron, Price, Woodward Clark, Colvin, George, Cole, Joe, Corwin, Elizabeth, Trendowski, Nikolas, Barth, Norman H., Keene, Matthew E., Erickson, Andrew, Mellott, Joe, Cassetta, Matthew V., Stubbs, William B., Falzone, Ralph, Carlson, Alan J., Birdsey, David M., Timmins, David Brighton, Gallagher, Leo, and Roeder, Larry

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *INTERNATIONAL relations, *AMERICAN diplomatic & consular service
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented regarding topics related to the U.S. Foreign Service including lack of commitment by some people to the mission and job at hand, allowing a foreign service policy to be announced first through a press leak, and the responsibilities of the Foreign Service Department.

Published
2008

24. LETTERS.

Author

Barry, Robert L., Miller, Tom, Flora, Steve, Timmins, David, and Dawson Jr., Richard

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *DIPLOMACY, *INTERNATIONAL relations, *INTELLIGENCE service, *PUBLIC administration
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "Transformational Diplomacy: A Work in Progress," by Shawn Zeller in the July-August 2006 issue, "Run, Lemmings, Run," by David T. Jones in the July-August 2006 issue and "Intelligence Estimates: Fuzzy Math?" in the June 2006 issue.

Published
2006

25. LETTERS.

Author

Bland, Merton L., Wright, Ann, Woody, Ron, Hoganson, Jerome L., Fritz, Carl R., Kilpatrick, Michael E., Sestanovich, Stephen N., Timmins, David, Parker, Richard B., and Flershem, Robert G.

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *GOVERNMENT programs, *LANGUAGE & languages, *RETIREMENT, *INTERNATIONAL security
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including one about the attack on the FSI Foreign Language Program in the July-August 2005 issue, "Focus on FS Fiction," in the June 2005 issue, and "Fear vs. Hope: America and Global Security," in the June 2005 issue.

Published
2005

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