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The new genus, Vangatinea gen. nov. (type-species: V. sontraensis sp. nov.), is described for three new species of colorful tineid moths from Southeast Asia: V. sontraensis sp. nov. (from coastal north central Vietnam), V. panghapha sp. nov. (from northwestern Thailand), and V. cambodiensis sp. nov. (from southwestern Cambodia). The new genus is tentatively assigned to the tineid subfamily Erechthiinae.

Huemer, Peter, Aarvik, Leif, Berggren, Kai (2023): A new species of Neurothaumasia Le Marchand (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) from Crete, Greece. Zootaxa 5318 (3): 401-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.5

Neurothaumasia cretica sp. nov. Figs 2, 4, 6–7 Type material. Holotype ♁, Greece, Kreta, Kapsodasos, 0.8 km NNE, 35°12′40′′N, 24°14′24′′E, 930 m, 3.v.2022, leg. Huemer; genitalia slide P. Huemer TIN 99 ♁; DNA barcode ID TLMF _ Lep _34672 (TLMF). Paratypes: 1 ♁, 1 ♀, same data as holotype, genitalia slide P. Huemer TIN 101 ♀; DNA barcode IDs TLMF _ Lep _34671, TLMF Lep 32051 (TLMF); Greece, 2 ♁, Crete, Chania Prov., Imbros, 35.2203°N, 24.1629°E, 570 m, 13.ix.2012, leg. L.Aarvik (NHMO); 2 ♁, ditto, but 11.vi.2013, leg. L. Aarvik (NHMO); 1 ♀, ditto, but 15.6.2014, leg. L. Aarvik (NHMO); 1 ♀, ditto, but 20.6.2014 (NHMO); Greece, 1 ♁, Crete, Chania Prov., Chora Sfakion, 35.1966°N, 24.1481°E, 40 m., 20–30.viii.2018, leg. L. Aarvik (NHMO). Diagnosis. Neurothaumasia cretica sp. nov. differs from the similar N. ankerella by the complete absence of a white dorsobasal patch of the forewing; furthermore, the costal spot at three-quarters is pure white, without a small black intersection; finally, the thorax is entirely black without white mesothoracal spot (Figs 2, 3). Despite of some individual variation of N. ankerella, particularly the overlay of white pattern with brown scales (see Gaedike 2015) these characters are highly diagnostic. The new species is furthermore similar to N. fasciata from the Middle East, which however, is readily distinguished by the distally evenly broad valva, the phallus without basal lobes, and the white fringes of the forewings (Petersen 1959). Male genitalia (Figs 4, 5) differ from N. ankerella by the broader outer lobes and the denticulate inner lobes of the uncus, and the basally slender gnathos arms, whereas female genitalia (Figs 6, 7) show no diagnostic features. All other species of Neurothaumasia are easily distinguished by strongly deviating phenotypic appearance with different pattern and colour and furthermore several genitalia structures. Description. Adult (Fig. 2). Forewing length 6.5–7.5 mm; head brush cream-white, laterally and below palpi dark brown scales with a small brush of black scales above compound eye; scapus dark brown coloured, with pecten, flagellum brown-grey; labial palpus dark brown, inner side and apex lighter brown, second segment apically with some bristles; thorax and entirely tegulae black. Forewing black, with clearly defined white pattern; a transverse white fascia at one-third, broader at dorsum and narrowing towards costa; two large, well separated white spots at three-quarters, dorsal one larger and broadly subtriangular, costal subquadrangular; two white and well separated subapical spots, costal one larger; dark brown fringes with some light mottling basally, light greyish-brown distal part separated by dark fringe line; hindwing light greyish-brown with concolourous fringes. First abdominal segment (Fig. 8). Long apodemes of sternum, typical for the genus, well developed. Male genitalia (Fig. 4). Uncus bilobed, medially separated by deep incision, inner lobe subtriangular, smaller with apical tooth; outer lobe about three-times width of inner lobe, suboval, with rounded broadly convex outer edge, widely separated from inner lobe by broad excavation; gnathos arms curved, basally slender, distally weakly constricted with subapical connections; vinculum band-like, saccus shorter than valva, basally weakly widened, distal three-quarters rod-like; valva with broad base, gradually narrowing distally, medial portion oval, setose area extended to apex, inner edge subrectangular, apical sixth abruptly tapered, digitate, setose; anellus with pair of apodemes; phallus about lenght of valva, basally with broadly rounded lateral lobes, medial part bulged, distal third slender. Female genitalia (Fig. 6). Papilla analis oblong, small, ca. 0.14x 0.9 mm; apophysis posterioris extremely long, ca. 3.4 mm; apophysis anterioris ca. 1.65 mm long, posteriorly furcated, ventral branch medially fused to small sclerotized band, with convex lateral and concave medial edges, dorsal branch ending in sclerotized zone; sternum VIII densely covered with microplates, posterior edge with setae; ostium bursae cup-shaped, weakly sclerotized, lateral of ostium bursae edge with few setae; ductus and corpus bursae membranous, entire length ca. 2.60 mm, narrow ductus bursae with small sclerite at entrance of ductus seminalis, sack-like corpus bursae irregularly expanded, signum absent. Biology. Adults have been collected in early May to June and in August and September at light. Host-plant and early stages are unknown. Similar to N. ankerella which was recently described from the bark of dead Quercus suber (Huertas Dionisio 2022) but also bred from dead branches of Tilia (Huemer unpubl.), the new species may feed on dead wood. Distribution. Crete (Greece). The related N. ankerella is published from mainland Greece but unknown from Crete (Gaedike 2015). Etymology. The new species name is a feminine adjective in the nominative singular and refers to the currently known distribution.

Genus Neurothaumasia Le Marchand, 1934 Neurothaumasia Le Marchand, 1934. Type species: Neurothaumasia burdigalensis Le Marchand, 1934, by original designation. Gallura Amsel, 1952. Type species: Gallura tirsella Amsel, 1952, by original designation. Neurothaumasia ankerella (Mann, 1867) Tinea ankerella Mann, 1867 Neurothaumasia burdigalensis Le Marchand, 1934 Gallura tirsella Amsel, 1952 Neurothaumasia cretica sp. nov. Neurothaumasia ragusaella (Wocke, 1889) Tinea ragusaella Wocke, 1889 Tinea bifasciatella Turati, 1924 Tinea roeweri Amsel, 1939 Neurothaumasia africana Gozmány, 1960 Neurothaumasia betancuriacola Gaedike & Falck, 2019 Neurothaumasia macedonica Petersen, 1962 Neurothaumasia inornata Petersen, 1966 Neurothaumasia fasciata Petersen, 1959 Neurothaumasia maculata Petersen & Gaedike, 1996 Neurothaumasia tenuipennella Gaedike, 2011 Neurothaumasia tunesiella Gaedike, 2011 Neurothaumasia hackeri Gaedike, 2021 Neurothaumasia kaschmirella Gaedike, 2021 Remarks. For details of the original descriptions of the taxa see Petersen & Gaedike (1996), Gaedike (2011, 2021), and Gaedike & Falck (2019). Generic descriptions were published by Petersen & Gaedike (1996) and Gaedike (2015) and are not repeated herein. Intrageneric relationships are poorly resolved, as most species lack diagnostic analysis and are predominantly based on isolated descriptions. Hence, the systematic arrangement of species is mainly based on superficial morphological resemblance of wing pattern and genitalia structures., Published as part of Huemer, Peter, Aarvik, Leif & Berggren, Kai, 2023, A new species of Neurothaumasia Le Marchand (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) from Crete, Greece, pp. 401-410 in Zootaxa 5318 (3) on pages 402-403, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8166982, {"references":["Le Marchand, S. (1934) Un nouveau Tineide de France: Neurothaumasia burdigalensis. L´Amateur de Papillons, 7 (2 / 3), 22 - 28.","Amsel, H. G. (1952) Parte III. Descrizioni di specie nuove ed osservazioni sistematiche di carattere generale. In: Hartig, F. & Amsel, H. G. (Eds.), Lepidoptera Sardinica. Fragmenta Entomologica, 1 (1), pp. 101 - 152.","Mann, J. J. (1867) Schmetterlinge gesammelt im J. 1866 um Josefsthal in der croat. Militargrenze. Verhandlungen der kaiserlichkoniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 17, 63 - 76.","Wocke, M. F. (1889) Lepidotteri nuovi dell Sicilia. Il Naturalista Siciliano, 9 (1), 1 - 3.","Turati, E. (1924) Spedizione Lepidotterologica in Cirenaica 1921 - 1922. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 63, 16 - 191.","Amsel, H. G. (1939) Descrizioni del dott. H. G. Amsel. In: Hartig, F. & Amsel, H. G. (Eds.), Contributo alla conoscenza della Fauna entomologica della Sardegna. Nuove forme di Lepidotteri. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 17 (1), pp. 70 - 84, pls. iii - iv.","Gozmany, L. (1960) New and rare Tineids from the Palearctic Region and from Ethiopia (Lepidopt.) Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 6 (1 / 2), 103 - 115.","Gaedike, R. & Falck, P. (2019) Tineoidea (Meessiidae, Tineidae) and Glyphipterigidae: Acrolepiinae from the Canary Islands, Spain (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia, 47 (187), 507 - 517.","Petersen, G. (1962) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der sudeuropaischen Tineiden (Lepidoptera, Tineidae). Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, 21 (2), 205 - 220.","Petersen, G. (1966) Die Microlepidopteren der Brandt´schen Iran-Ausbeute. 6. Teil: Tineidae. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 87 (1 / 2), 23 - 29.","Petersen, G. (1959) Tineiden aus Afghanistan mit einer Revision der palaarktischen Scardiinen (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 9 (5 / 6), 558 - 579, pl. 32.","Petersen, G. & Gaedike, R. (1996) Revision der Gattung Neurothaumasia Le Marchand, 1934 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Dresden, 57, 283 - 294.","Gaedike, R. (2011) New and poorly known Tineidae from the Western Palaearctic (Lepidoptera). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 61 (2), 357 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 61.2.357 - 370","Gaedike, R. (2021) New species and new records of Palaearctic Meessiidae and Tineidae (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia, 49 (196), 627 - 637. https: // doi. org / 10.57065 / shilap. 224","Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA 7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33, 1870 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msw 054","Ratnasingham, S. (2018) BOLD Barcode of Life Data System. Version 4. Available from: http: // www. boldsystems. org (accessed 23 March 2023)","Gaedike, R. (2015) Tineidae I (Dryadaulinae, Hapsiferinae, Euplocamiane, Scardiinae, Nemapogoninae and Messiinae). In: Karsholt, O., Mutanen, M. & Nuss, M. (Eds.), Microlepidoptera of Europe. Vol. 7. Brill, Leiden & Boston, pp. 1 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004289161 _ 002"]}

Vangatinea panghapha Heppner & Bae, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 7, 10, 12) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 14B2A551-BD04-417A-93A5-3340CF1A9CBF Type locality: Thailand (Pangha Pha Pass, Mai Hong Son Prov.). Type materials. Holotype: ♁, Pangha Pha Pass (868m) [near Soppong], Mai Hong Son Prov., Thailand, 27 Jul 2009, J. B. Heppner (gen. slide JBH–3197; adult photo 12222) (MGCL) (deposited at MGCL). Diagnosis. This species is distinctive in the forewing having a basal orange mark besides the midwing orange fascia, the latter also without an extension to the apex (with apical finger-like extension in V. cambodiensis sp. nov.). Male genitalia with basal appendage on valvae. Description. Wing expanse: 13.5 mm male (n = 1). Male (Fig. 4). Head (Fig. 7): vertex orange; frons yellow and laterally; caudal eye margin yellow; labial palpus yellow-white, with distal segment lighter and dark brown on basal segment, and bristles dark brown; antenna purple-brown, with light yellow segments on basal 5 segments and at 4/ 5 in short section; scape yellow. Thorax: golden-yellow to orange; tegula purple-brown to golden distally; venter purple-brown; forelegs purple-brown except yellow coxae, with remainder of legs golden except purplebrown markings at joints and dorsally on tarsi. Forewing (Fig. 4): lustrous dark brown, with dark orange fascia from costa at 2/5 and recurved to wing base, and wide orange fascia at midwing and with concave emargination by tornus; fringe purple-brown and long from before apex to tornus; venter lustrous dark brown, with light yellow patch on tornus. Hindwing (Fig. 4): pale bronze-brown, with purple-brown near apex; fringe purple-brown from before apex to tornus; venter lustrous dark brown. Abdomen: dark brown, with metallic bronze iridescence, with paler caudal marginal scales per tergite; venter light brown with bronze iridescence, with segmental caudal margins creamwhite; genital tufts brown with bronze iridescence; S6 caudally convex, medially conical. Male genitalia (Fig. 10): tegumen-vinculum as fused cylinder, with strong dorsal transtilla-like semi-circular ring; uncus undeveloped and membranous; medial linear subscaphium on diaphragma; valva quadratic and setose, with saccular margin strongly developed and densely setose and basally abruptly convex before basal joint; valval base with small triangular apically acute setose appendage; juxta-anellus complex as dorsal convex collar with lateral extended flattened arms to lateral semi-circular flattened ends; short oblong basal stylus plate; saccus short; aedeagus narrow and long, cornutus a single long thin tubule (subequal to aedeagus length and width). Female: unknown. Etymology. The species is named for the type locality, Pangha Pha Pass, northwestern Thailand (northwest of Chiang Mai). Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from far northwestern Thailand (Mai Hong Son) (Fig. 12 map). Discussion. The new species is closest to V. cambodiensis sp. nov., known only from the female, and could possibly be the male of the same species, but it seems to be a separate species.

Vangatinea sontraensis Heppner & Bae, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-3, 6, 9, 12) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9049044D-891E-43A5-9162-133718592689 Type locality: Vietnam (Son Tra Forest Reserve, Danang Prov.). Type materials. Holotype: ♁, Son Tra Forest Reserve (400–500m), Danang (Son Tra Peninsula), Danang Prov., Vietnam, 20–22 Apr 2012, J. B. Heppner (gen. slide JBH–2997; adult photo 11237) (MGCL) (deposited at MGCL). Paratypes: 2♁, same site data as holotype (head and wing slide JBH–4257) (MGCL). Diagnosis. This species is distinctive in having the distal half of the forewing mostly golden-orange (mostly purple-brown with orange patches in the other two species), and the male genitalia with valvae of mandible-like shape with tooth-like saccular edge (similar to typical lepidopteran larval mandibles), and uncus developed as bifurcate dorsal projections. Description. Wing expanse: 10.7–11.4 mm male (n = 3). Male (Fig. 3). Head (Fig. 6): vertex orange-yellow; frons yellow-white; caudal eye margin yellow; labial palpus light yellow to white, with bristles light brown; antenna dark gray, with basal 1/5 yellow; scape light yellow. Thorax: bronze-golden (lighter medially near patagia); venter dark golden; legs yellow-white to white, with dark brown intersegmental rings. Forewing (Fig. 3): basal half dark bronzegolden, with small round spot of equal color on costa just beyond 1/2, and larger semi-triangular mark on costa at 3/4, distal thin line near apex, and thicker long tornal marginal line; remainder of forewing golden-yellow to light orange; fringe golden-yellow around apex, then brown along termen and tornus; venter dark brown, with tan emargination on costa to tornus; light tan-white on cubital section. Hindwing: pale white, with distal dull brown from 1/2 along costa and along termen to tornus; fringe pale brown to whitish distally, with mostly white along anal margin; venter dark brown, with thin tan emargination from apex to tornus. Abdomen: dark bronze-golden (lighter on T1–2); venter golden-white; genital tufts golden; small lateral pregenital coremata on S6 (Fig. 9b); S6 and T6 caudally concave. Male genitalia (Fig. 9): compact and strongly sclerotized tegumen-vinculum cylinder; uncus projected dorsally as bifurcate finger-like appendages, distally slightly recurved; valva quadratic and mandible-like, with tooth-like saccular margin (somewhat asymmetrical, with saccular margin of left valva convex and of right valva distally projected) (Note: Fig. 9 shows the valvae in ventral view), and termen rounded from strongly sclerotized dorsal margin; apparent saccus very short and turned inwards; juxta-anellus fused as short tubular complex; saccus indistinct inward spur; aedeagus narrow and long; cornutus a long tubule (subequal to aedeagus length). Female: unknown. Etymology. The species is named after the Son Tra Forest Reserve, Danang, Vietnam (see Fig. 13). Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from central coastal Vietnam (Danang) (Fig. 12 map). Discussion. The new species was discovered on the Son Tra Peninsula, next to northeast Danang, which is a small isolated forested mountain (to 500m) and peninsula, now protected as the Son Tra Forest Reserve (Fig. 13). This site has a remnant coastal forest of diverse small trees and shrubs where the moths of this new species were found at lights, but likely are day-fliers., Published as part of Heppner, John B. & Bae, Yang-Seop, 2023, New species of colorful tineids from Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam in the new genus Vangatinea (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Erechthiinae), pp. 369-380 in Zootaxa 5264 (3) on page 373, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7836798

Vangatinea cambodiensis Heppner & Bae, sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 8, 11–12) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BA14F05C-2FCF-4D69-A52B-A315A2BF0504 Type locality: Cambodia (Cardamon Mts., Pursat Prov.). Type materials. Holotype: ♀, Cardamon Mts., [nr. Pramaoy], Pursat Prov., 22 Feb 2012, Y.-S. Bae, X.- V. Le, and B.-S. Park (gen. slide JBH–2998; adult photo 11370) (INUC) (deposited at INUC). Diagnosis. This species is distinctive for its large orange midwing fascia with its median distal finger-like orange extension to the wing apex. Female genitalia with acute knife-like asymmetrically bifurcate sterigma. Description. Wing expanse: 16 mm female (n = 1). Female (Fig. 5). Head (Fig. 8): vertex and frons orange, with yellow on lower frons; white eye marginal scales (frontal and caudally); labial palpus pale yellow to white distally, with dark brown on basal segment and laterally on middle segment; bristles from base to middle segment pale white; antenna purple-brown, with basal 3 segments pale yellow dorsally; scape light yellow. Thorax: orange; tegula purplebrown proximally, then mostly orange to distal end; venter purple-brown; forelegs purple-brown except yellow coxae; mid- and hind legs yellow except purple-brown femurs, distally on tibiae (and purple-brown spurs), and on tarsae. Forewing (Fig. 5): lustrous purple-brown, with median wide orange fascia across wing from middle to 2/3, basally concave, and with a narrower and distally acute extension from middle of median fascia to wing apex; a thin orange line along anal margin; fringe purple-brown; venter lustrous dark brown, with thin yellow costal line at 2/3. Hindwing (Fig. 5): purple brown, lighter towards base; fringe purple-brown; venter lustrous purple-brown. Abdomen: dark brown to purple-brown, except dark golden on T1; venter yellow-orange; genital tufts purple-brown, but ventrally yellow-orange; pregenital plate (S6) simple, unadorned; S7 fused with sterigmal projections. Female genitalia (Fig. 11): ovipositor very long (ca. 2.5x length of abdomen S6) and narrow; papilla analis small, slightly acute (but not scerlotized as piercing type); apophyses long and slender, with posterior pair somewhat longer than anterior pair; ostium a simple, membranous funnel tube to ductus bursae; sterigma with asymmetrical strongly sclerotized knifelike caudal spines (left spine shorter than right spine, Fig. 11a) and fused to S7; ductus bursae short (ca. 1.5x bursal length) and narrow, membranous; corpus bursa ovate; signum absent. Male: unknown. Etymology. The species is named after Cambodia. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from southwestern Cambodia (Pursat), in the Cardamon Mts (Fig. 12 map). Discussion. The female of this new species appears somewhat similar to the male of V. panghapha sp. nov., so it is not known if it could be the female of the same species, but it appears to be a distinct third species., Published as part of Heppner, John B. & Bae, Yang-Seop, 2023, New species of colorful tineids from Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam in the new genus Vangatinea (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Erechthiinae), pp. 369-380 in Zootaxa 5264 (3) on pages 376-379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7836798

VANGATINEA Heppner & Bae, gen. nov. (Figs. 1–2) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F849327-272A-4D3B-AC32-5D4ED7D5CA33 Type species: Vangatinea sontraensis Heppner & Bae, sp. nov. Diagnosis. The genus is distinguished by the apically acute wings, with the hindwing costal margin abruptly arcuate at midwing (Fig. 1), and the colorful orange (to golden-orange) forewing maculation, with dark blue-black to purple-brown basal and distal patches, pale brown hindwings, golden-yellow head, and slightly thickened filiform antennae. The male genitalia are strongly sclerotized in compact and rounded tegumen-vinculum conical shell, with very short saccus (or undeveloped), with complicated and small mandible-like valvae; aedeagus with single tubular cornutus as long as aedeagus; male abdomen with small lateral pregenital coremata of spiculate setae (or lacking). The female genitalia have an extremely long and thin ovipositor with simple papillae anales (small and setose), and a strongly sclerotized acute bifurcate sterigma that seems to be a piercing structure; corethrogyne absent; bursa small and ovate; and signum absent. Description. Wing expanse: 10.7–16mm (n = 5). Head (Fig. 2): vertex medially conical, with short epicranial suture; transverse suture indistinct; long golden-yellow to orange piliform scales on vertex and frons; eyes medium to large (smaller in female), with simple facets; ocellus absent; chaetosema absent; maxillary palpus short, 5-segmented (total length subequal to basal segment of labial palpus); labial palpus drooping (more upturned in female), segments slender and distal two segments nearly subequal in length, basal segment shorter, with only 2–3 ventral or lateral bristles on middle segment; vom Rath's organ on apical segment; haustellum short (galeae free, length subequal to apical labial palpus segment), held straight ventrally (with minute lateral filaments); mandible minute stub; pilifer minute (with single long seta); antenna filiform, average length (ca. 2/3 forewing length), with single row of scales per barrel-shaped segment; scape of median length (ca. 3–4 antennal segments in length), with indistinct narrow pecten field of 20–22 minute stubby bristles (6–8 of which are stouter); pedicel barrel-shaped (ca. 1.5x in width and length of remaining antennal segments). Thorax: average for body size, smooth-scaled; tegula average; patagia undeveloped; legs average length for body. Forewing (Fig. 1): very narrow elongated (4x longer than wide), having acute apex (female forewing slightly less narrow, see Fig. 5); Sc very close to costal wing margin, to midwing; radius basally vestigial; R1 long, from basal 1/3 of wing; R2–5 evenly spaced from discal cell, with R2 somewhat more distant from R3, and with R5 to before apex; discal cell long, with chorda present but indistinct; median veins evenly spaced, but M3 slightly more approximate to M2 at cell than M1 to M2; cubitus basally vestigial; CuA1 and CuA2 short and parallel to tornus; CuP short at tornus, but stronger from base to near tornus; A1+2 strong, with convex bulge of A1 after basal segment; A2 weak in basal fork; A3 indistinct; tornus straight (slightly rounded after termen); dorsal margin convex; anal margin short-rounded; maculation bright orange with golden iridescence, and black-brown wing base and distal patches; fringes long on termen; retinaculum normal (elongated triangle with rolled apex). Hindwing (Fig. 1): narrow (4x longer than wide), with acute attenuated apex and costal margin concave from midwing to apex (female hindwing slightly less narrow, see Fig. 5); Sc strong, to post-midwing arcuate costal margin; Rs weak until before intersection with transverse vein, then stronger to before apex; M1 to just dorsad of apex; M2 divergent of M1 at termen; M3 and CuA1 nearly parallel; CuA1 and CuA2 short, parallel to tornus; CuP strong to wing base; A1+2 short, to basal dorsal margin, medially concave, with indistinct or vestigial basal fork;A3 short; tornus convex and evenly merging to termen; dorsal margin relatively straight; anal margin turned abruptly from dorsal margin before wing base; maculation pale to brown, with long fringes on termen to anal margin; frenulum of average length for wing size. Abdomen: average size for body; normal scaling; with or without small lateral pregenital coremata in males; female corethrogyne absent. Male genitalia (Fig. 9): complicated structure, with compact tegumen-vinculum conical cylinder strongly sclerotized; uncus projected as bifurcate arms, or reduced; gnathos absent; tuba analis short or undeveloped; subscaphium absent; saccus very small or absent (or with internal spur); valva short, quadratic, and strongly sclerotized (sclerotized more along the saccular margin); valval shape mandible-like with saccular tooth-like spines, or with setose field and more dense setae on saccular margin, and with or without basal appendage; juxta-anellus a short tubular structure, with or without basally lateral pad-like termini; aedeagus long and slender; cornutus a single very long tubule (subequal to length of aedeagus and nearly as wide as aedeagus); phallobase undeveloped; seminal vesica short. Female genitalia (Fig. 11): ovipositor extremely long and thin (ca. 3x segment VI, and longer when ovipositor is fully extended); papillae anales small, slightly setose (not formed strongly for piercing); apophyses anteriores twice thickness of long apophyses posteriores (and 2.3x length of apophyses posteriores); ostium simple, membranous; sterigma divided into proximate and extremely acute asymmetrical caudal knife-like projections, with ventro-lateral carinate edges; ductus bursae a membranous long tube (ca. 1.5x bursa length); corpus bursae small and ovate (ca. 1/2x length of segment VI); signum absent. Etymology. This genus is named for the colorful golden-orange adult moths, thus "vang" in Vietnamese ("golden" in English); the moths having orange forewings with golden iridescence, and golden-yellow to orange head scaling. Biology. Unknown. Adults are likely day-fliers, although all specimens were collected at lights. Distribution. Only known from mainland Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam) (Fig. 12 map). Discussion. Pending further studies, based on the character spectrum of Vangatinea we tentatively assign this new genus to the subfamily Erechthiinae, with possible relationship to Erechthias Meyrick 1880 and Pyloetis Stainton 1859, but lacking some relational characters like the female signum of the latter two genera (Common 1990, Davis and Robinson 1998, Miyamoto et al. 2007, Moriuti and Kadohara 1994, Robinson 2009, Robinson and Nielsen 1993, Robinson et al. 1994, Zimmerman 1978). Typical erechthiine genera have an elongated antennal scape, acute narrow wings, lateral male coremata on sternum VI, and females lacking a corethrogyne, as does Vangatinea. The most comprehensive and detailed modern review of tineid genera thus far is by Robinson and Nielsen (1993; slightly updated for subfamilies in Davis and Robinson 1998), but this is already from 30 years ago and encompasses only the limited Australian fauna (only 44 genera present out of a world fauna of 320 genera); so, in this work Vangatinea keys out best to Erechthiinae. The more recent paper by Regier et al. (2014) likewise has no solution for these various unassociated genera. The short maxillary palpi, the minute pilifers with single setae, the radically complex yet compact male genitalia, and the elongated acute forewings, as well as the costal arcuation of the hindwings, would also indicate a possible placement in Meessiinae (Davis and Robinson 1998; Robinson and Nielsen 1993; Zagulajev 1977, 1979). However, meessiine tineids are mostly dull marked to white in forewing maculation. One African meessiine genus (Merunympha Gozmány 1969) has genitalia like Vangatinea, with a female ovipositor that also is very long and with a strongly sclerotized and caudally acute sternum VII sterigmal plate (Gozmány and Varí 1973, Janse 1968). The tineid generic keys of Zagulajev (1981) for Russia key out to Meessiinae, but again it covers only a limited fauna in European Russia of only 38 genera, and no tropical genera but only temperate Palearctic genera (see also Petersen 1957 -58). Regier et al. (2014) provisionally elevated the subfamily Meessiinae to family status, as Meessiidae, but they suggest further studies are needed and this 'family' status is not followed herein. There is superficial resemblance in wing form to the Southeast Asian genus Tineovertex Moriuti (1982) (Myrmecozelinae), but basic characters differ greatly (maxillary palpi long and male genitalia more typically of tineid form in Tineovertex, with vinculum having a long saccus) (Huang et al. 2011); however, both genera have a greatly elongated female ovipositor with setose papillae anales. There is some similarity to the Perissomasticinae as well, for their lustrous forewings, the ubiquitous yellow head vertex of erect piliform setae, the compact and strongly sclerotized male genitalia with bifurcate uncus, and the small lateral coremata with spiculate scales in the male abdomen segment VI (Gozmány and Vári 1973, Yang et al. 2014), characters especially evident in some African genera like Sphallesthasis Gozmány 1959, but the subfamily characteristic corethrogyne of the females and the typical stubby labial palpus are lacking in Vangatinea (labial palpus slender and long in Vangatinea). Wing venation and female genitalia have resemblance also to the Philippine, Sulawesi and Solomons tineid genus Ischnuridia Sauber 1902, except the ovipositor has a spear-like cutting papillae anales (setose in Vangatinea) and an otherwise typical very long male saccus as in most tineids (versus the short or obsolete saccus in Vangatinea) (Davis and Heppner 1987, Diakonoff 1968). While female Vangatinea have what appears to be a non-piercing ovipositor, in its place the sterigma is extremely sharp (Fig. 11a) (paired knife-like projections but asymmetrical in size), and likely serves as the piercing structure for egg deposition. Ischnuridia females may pierce into a soft hostplant like banana (Musa sp.) since an unnamed Ischnuridia from the Solomon Islands was captured on a banana plant (Davis and Heppner 1987). Vangatinea likewise has a long ovipositor and what appears to be a piercing structure on the sterigma, so possibly also for oviposition into a relatively soft hostplant. Ischnuridia is one of many tineid genera unplaced to subfamily. The characters for the new genus description may need revision, since only a single female from the three species is available for the female characters, and likewise the male characters are from only two of the species: however, the overlap of characters of several subfamilies, as noted above, makes subfamily placement in Erechthiinae still tentative. Tineidae as a whole still require considerable further study on a world basis, and as noted above, such odd new discoveries as Vangatinea do not always fit neatly into existing subfamilies, such that current subfamilies may need revision.As also noted by Robinson (2009), out of 340 named tineid genera worldwide over 200 genera remain of uncertain subfamily placement, especially so for tropical genera. Thus, the family requires a thorough revision of the subfamilies to account for all the unassociated genera, but such a task will take decades yet given the few taxonomists who could even venture to tackle such a quest., Published as part of Heppner, John B. & Bae, Yang-Seop, 2023, New species of colorful tineids from Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam in the new genus Vangatinea (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Erechthiinae), pp. 369-380 in Zootaxa 5264 (3) on pages 370-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7836798, {"references":["Common, I. F. B. (1990) Family Tineidae. In: Moths of Australia. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 181 - 186.","Davis, D. R. & Robinson, G. S. (1998) The Tineoidea and Gracillarioidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Vol. 1. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. In Handbuch der Zoologie. Band IV. Arthropoda: Insecta. Teilband 35. W. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 91 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110804744.91","Miyamoto, Y., Huang, G. - H. & Hirowatari, T. (2007) Systematic position of Pyloetis mimosae (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), with description of the adults and immature stages. Entomological Science, 10, 363 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2007.00235. x","Moriuti, S. & Kadohara, T. (1994) Erechthiinae (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) of Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 62, 565 - 584.","Robinson, G. S. (2009) Biology, Distribution and Diversity of Tineid Moths. Southdene, Kuala Lumpur, 143 pp., 16 pls.","Robinson, G. S. & Nielsen, E. S. (1993) Tineid Genera of Australia (Lepidoptera). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Vol. 2. CSIRO, East Melbourne, 344 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643105102","Robinson, G. S., Tuck, K. R. & Shaffer, M. (1994) A Field Guide to the Smaller Moths of South-East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 309 pp., 32 pls.","Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Tineidae. In: Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 9. Microlepidoptera, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 254 - 296.","Regier, J. C., Mitter, C., Davis, D. R., Harrison, T. L., Sohn, J. - C., Cummins, M. P., Zwick, A. & Mitter, K. T. (2014) A molecular phylogeny and revised classification for the oldest ditrysian moth lineages (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea), with implication for ancestral feeding habits of the mega-diverse Ditrysia. Systematic Entomology, 40, 409 - 432. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12110","Zagulajev, A. K. (1977) The classification and phylogeny of the subfamily Meessiinae (Lepidoptera, Tineidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 56, 662 - 669. [in Russian, English translation: Entomological Review, 56 (3), 124 - 129 (1978)]","Zagulajev, A. K. (1979) Tineidae. Subfamily Meessiinae. In: Fauna USSR. Lepidoptera. Part 4 (6). Akademie Nauk USSR, St. Petersburg, pp. 1 - 408. [in Russian]","Gozmany, L. A. & Vari, L. (1973) The Tineidae of the Ethiopian Region. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, (Transvaal Museum Memoirs, 18), 238 pp.","Janse, A. J. T. (1968) On the types of South African Microlepidoptera. Vol. 1. Tineidae. Transvaal Museum Memoirs, Pretoria, 16, 1 - 127, 118 pls.","Zagulajev, A. K. (1981) Fam. Tineidae. In: Identification Keys to Insects of European Russia. Vol. 4. Lepidoptera. Part 2. Akad. Nauk., St. Petersburg, pp. 20 - 93. [in Russian, English translation: pp. 26 - 122, Amerind Publishing, New Delhi (1989)]","Petersen, G. (1957 - 1958) Die Genitalien der palaarktischen Tineiden (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 7 & 8, 55 - 176 + 338 - 379 + 557 - 595 (1957) & 111 - 118 + 398 - 430 (1958).","Moriuti, S. (1982) Tineidae. In: Inoue, h., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S., Kawabe, A. & Owada, M. (Eds.), Moths of Japan. Kodansha, Tokyo, pp. 162 - 171. [in Japanese]","Huang, G. - H., Hirowatari, T. & Wang, M. (2011) A revision of the genus Tineovertex Moriuti (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Tineidae), with descriptions of five new species. Zootaxa, 2991 (1), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2991.1.1","Yang, L. - L., Wang, S. - X. & Li, H. - H. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the genus Edosa Walker, 1886 from China (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Perissomasticinae). Zootaxa, 3777 (1), 1 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3777.1.1","Davis, D. R. & Heppner, J. B. (1987) New discoveries concerning Ischnuridia Sauber, a remarkable genus of Indo-Australian Tineidae (Lepidoptera). Tinea, 12 (Supplement), 145 - 150.","Diakonoff, A. N. ([1968]) Tineidae. In: Microlepidoptera of the Philippine Islands. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 257, pp. 266 - 293 + 396, 398 - 411 + 413 + 448 - 452. [1967]"]}

Four new species of the genus Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893 from China are described: Dryadaula auriformissp. nov., D. flavostriatasp. nov., D. hirtiglobosasp. nov. and D. securiformissp. nov. Photographs of adults and genitalia of the new species are provided. DNA barcodes of D. auriformissp. nov., D. hirtiglobosasp. nov. and D. securiformissp. nov. are given. A key to the species in China and a detailed checklist for the genus with all 49 known species in the world are presented.

Neohaltichella uterellophaga Binoy, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae: Haltichellinae) parasitizing the pupa of household-case bearer moth Phereoeca uterella (Walsingham) is described with illustrations from southern India (Kerala). Host record for the genus Neohaltichella on Tineidae (Lepidoptera) is newly recorded. A male specimen of Epitranus uterellophagus Binoy & Santhosh hitherto unknown is also described with illustrations parasitizing case-bearer moth pupa.

The natural mummy of Saint Davino Armeno (11th century) is preserved in the church of Saint Michele in Foro in the city of Lucca (Tuscany, Central Italy). The body of Davino is one of the oldest Italian mummies of a Saint, and his paleopathological study was performed in 2018. In the present research, we investigated the arthropod fragments and botanical remains collected from the body, coffin, and fabrics of Saint Davino. Entomological analyses outlined the presence of 192 arthropod fragments. Among these, Diptera, Muscidae (Hydrotaea capensis and Muscina sp.), and Phoridae (Conicera sp.) puparia were the most abundant. Regarding Coleoptera, Ptinidae (Anobium punctatum) were the most frequent, followed by Cleridae (Necrobia sp.), Trogidae (Trox scaber), Curculionidae (Sitophilus granarius), and Histeridae (Gnathoncus). Cocoons of Tineidae and Pyralidae moths were found, along with a propodeum joined to the petiole and a mesopleuron of an Ichneumoninae parasitoid. Numerous metamera of Julida and three scorpion fragments were also found. Botanical samples indicated the presence of a quite broad botanical community, including gramineous species, olives, evergreen oaks, and grapevine. Overall, entomological data allow us to argue that Saint Davino was first buried into the soil, probably in a wooden coffin, thus supporting the historical-hagiographic tradition according to which he was buried sub divo in the cemetery of Saint Michele. The preservation of the body as a natural mummy may have been facilitated by burial in a coffin that prevented direct contact of the corpse with the earth. Botanical remains offer confirmation of a late medieval urban environment rich in horticultural areas and trees, giving us a landscape that is very different from the current Tuscan city.

Surveys on detritivorous moths were carried out at three locations, in Kyushu, Japan in 2019, using bait traps. The trap material consisted of dead leaves or rice straw, baited with dog food, chicken manure, or bat guano. A total of 293 moth individuals, comprising 25 species belonging to 17 families were trapped during the experiment. The emerged moths included 285 detritivore individuals of 17 species in nine families and eight herbivore individuals of eight different families. Most moth individuals emerged from the traps made of dead leaves with dog food, that contains several nutrients, as the bait. Of these individuals, species such as Monopis congestella and Phaeoses sp. (Tineidae) which often emerge from bird nests but are difficult to collect, were also found. In contrast, common species, such as Opogona thiadelpha (Tineidae) and Lecitholaxa thiodora (Lecithoceridae), emerged from various combinations of trap materials and baits, indicating their wide range of food preferences. This is the first study to collect detritivorous moths using traps with different baits such as dog food, chicken manure, and bat guano.

BACKGROUND: The diversity of moth species (Insecta, Lepidoptera) recorded in the forest nursery of Nordeste County on São Miguel Island (Azores) is given. Adults were sampled between March and December 2019 using three methods: (i) light trap to catch Noctuidae species, (ii) open-sided delta trap baited with a synthetic female sex pheromone lure to attract Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) males and (iii) entomological net to collect microlepidopteran moths. This contribution focuses mainly on the diversity of moths present in one forest nursery of Nordeste County of São Miguel Island (Azores), especially on the species associated with endemic and native plant species. It also contributes to better plan strategies for integrated protection and conservation measures, since nurseries host a great diversity of plants from the Laurel Forest, which may attract many lepidopteran species. NEW INFORMATION: A total of 10160 adults belonging to 33 lepidopteran species were recorded and listed by families, including: Argyresthiidae, one species (3%), Crambidae, four species (12%), Erebidae, one species (3%), Geometridae, five species (15%), Noctuidae, 18 species (55%), Sphingidae, one species (3%), Tineidae, one species (3%) and Tortricidae, two species (6%). The families Noctuidae, Geometridae and Crambidae were the most diverse. Those with the highest abundance of adults were the Noctuidae family, followed by the Geometridae, Crambidae, Tortricidae and Tineidae. The number of caught adults was consistently higher during spring and summer, decreasing sharply in late autumn. For 13 species caught in the light trap, the adult sex ratio was favourable to females. An analysis of the colonisation status, feeding and primary hosts of these endemic, native or exotic moth species contributes to our understanding of the factors that may lead to their establishment in Laurel Forest environments and to what extent there is a need to monitor and control them mainly with biological control agents. This research was supported by the Official Forestry Services from the Regional Government of the Azores, through the research project MoCIL "Monitorizacao e Controlo Integrado de Lepidopteros em Viveiros Florestais (Nordeste e Furnas) na ilha de Sao Miguel - Acores", in direct collaboration with the Forestry Engineers Carina Nobrega and Catarina Quintela, by FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the project UIDP/05292/2020 and UIDB/05292/2020 and by AZORESBIOPORTAL PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072) (2019-2022). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion