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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a heterogeneous disease, which is closely related to environmental factors and gut microbiota.To study gut microbiota in IBS-D of Han nationality in Southwest China and explore its relationship with environmental factors.One hundred and twenty cases of IBS-D and 63 cases of HCs were recruited; baseline data such as age, height, and weight were collected. HAMA, HAMD, IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, and laboratory tests were performed. Feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Then, the differences of gut microbiota were analyzed and looked for biomarkers of each. FAPROTAX was used to predict the functional differences of gut microbiota. Spearman analysis was conducted between the phylum level and environmental factor.There were significant differences in daily life between IBS-D and HCs, especially in the spicy taste. The scores of HAMA and HAMD, urea, and transaminase in IBS-D were significantly higher than those of HCs. The richness of gut microbiota in IBS-D was significantly lower than that of HCs, as well as the beta diversity, but not diversity. The biomarkers of IBS-D were Prevotella, Clostridiales, and Roseburia, and the biomarkers of HCs were Veillonellaceae, Bacteroides coprocola, and Bifidobacteriales. The functions of gut microbiota in IBS-D were significantly different from HCs. Correlation analysis showed that multiple gut microbiota were closely related to HAMA, IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, inflammatory indexes, and liver enzymes.There are significant differences in richness of gut microbiota, flora structure, and flora function between IBS-D and HCs in Southwest China. These differences may be closely related to environmental factors such as eating habits, living habits, and mental and psychological factors.The trial was registered and approved in China Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No. ChiCTR2100045751).

Introduction Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum, which is of global concern. It has the characteristics of a long course of disease and repeated attacks, which seriously affects the quality of life and economic and social development of the affected population. The treatment of UC by herb Huanglian and compound prescription contain Huanglian have been proved. However, due to the lack of evidence, there is no specific method or suggestion, it is necessary to systematically evaluate coptidis so as to provide effective evidence for further research. Methods and analysis The following databases will be searched from their inception to June 2020: Electronic databases included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Nature, Science Online, WanFang China Biomedical Database, VIP Medical Information, CNKI (Knowledge Infrastructure of China). Main outcomes Colonoscopy, improved condition (tenesmus), stool routine. Additional outcomes: Electrocardiogram (ECG), erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte (WBC), platelet (PLT). Data will be extracted by 2 researchers independently, risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data analysis will be conducted by data statistics software Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0. Results The results of this study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhizoma coptidis intervention in patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Conclusion Through the systematic review of this study, the published evidence of rhizoma coptidis on the treatment of UC is summarized so as to further guide its promotion and application. Ethics and communication This study is a systematic review, the outcomes are based on the published evidence, so examination and agreement by the ethics committee are not required in this study. We intend to publish the study results in a journal or conference presentations. Open science fra mework (osf) registration number August 27, 2020. osf.io/7nh3k (https://osf.io/7nh3k).

In the absence of head-to-head comparisons, the objective of this study was to conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) to indirectly compare the relative efficacy and safety of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for ulcerative colitis (UC).We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from the database inception until 13 August 2021. No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that directly compared these interventions were identified. Therefore, a fixed-effects Bayesian NMA was conducted by identifying a connected (via comparison to placebo) network of RCTs. Ranking was assessed using surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities.Seven RCTs including 3190 patients met the inclusion criteria. Filgotinib 100 mg was ranked highest for induction of endoscopic remission (SUCRA, 0.67) whereas peficitinib 75 mg BID was ranked highest for induction of clinical response (SUCRA, 0.72). Peficitinib 75 mg was ranked highest for induction of mucosal healing (SUCRA, 0.71), whereas peficitinib 150 mg was ranked highest for clinical remission (SUCRA, 0.74). Tofacitinib 3 mg had the highest probability of being the best treatment in terms of change from baseline in Mayo score (SUCRA, 0.78). Adverse events (AEs) and treatment discontinuations or withdrawals from the study due to AEs did not differ between JAK inhibitors and placebo groups.Based on indirect comparisons, peficitinib 75 mg/75 mg BID/150 mg, tofacitinib 3 mg and filgotinib 100mg were the most efficacious JAK inhibitor interventions in patients with UC. However, head-to-head trials are warranted to inform clinical decision-making with greater confidence.

Backgroud To study of gut microbiota in IBS-D of Han nationality in Southwest China, explore its relationship with environmental factors and differential expression function of gut microbiota in patients. Methods 120 cases of IBS-D group and 63 cases of HCs group were recruited, baseline data such as age, height, weight, monthly income, work intensity, eating habits and exercise were collected. HAMA and HAMD scores were performed on the two groups. IBS-D group was scored with IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL, and the differences in gastrointestinal symptoms, mental and psychological status and quality of life were compared. The laboratory tests were performed such as blood routine and liver function. Fresh feces of the two groups were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Then analyze the differences of gut microbiota between the two groups, and look for typical biomarkers of each. According to the dominant species and differentially expressed species at different classification levels, FAPROTAX was used to predict the functional differences of gut microbiota between the two groups. Taking the above scores and laboratory tests as environmental factors, spearman correlation analysis was conducted at the phylum level to explore the impact of environmental factors on the occurrence and development of gut microbiota and IBS-D. Results IBS-D patients are mostly concentrated in low-medium income people with medium-high labor intensity. The sleep time, exercise time, intake of vegetables and fruits of IBS-D are significantly lower than those of HCs, and the proportion of IBS-D who like to eat pepper is significantly higher than those of HCs. The scores of HAMA and HAMD, Urea nitrogen, AST, ALT , GGT in IBS-D were significantly higher than those in HCs.The richness of gut microbiota in IBS-D was significantly lower than that in HCs, but not diversity and eveness. The beta diversity index of gut microbiota community was significantly different between the two groups. The biomarkers of IBS-D were Prevotella, Clostridiales and Roseburia, the biomarkers of HCs were Veillonellaceae, Bacteroides-coprocola, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriumde, etc. The functions of gut microbiota in IBS-D were significantly up-regulated in cellulolysi, xylanolysis, and significantly down-regulated in fermentation, methanogenesis, nitrite_ammonification, nitrate_reduction. Correlation analysis showed that multiple intestinal microorganisms were closely related to HAMA, IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, inflammatory indexes and liver enzymes. Conclusion There are significant differences in richness of gut microbiota, flora structure and flora function between IBS-D and HCs in Southwest China. These differences may be closely related to environmental factors such as eating habits, living habits and mental and psychological factors.The trial was registered and approved in China Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No.ChiCTR2100045751)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a leading cause of infections in human being and is usually associated with a multidrug-resistant profile, represents a significant health threat and public burden globally. The limited options of effective antibiotics motivate the search for novel anti-MRSA agents. Aminoglycoside antibiotics have been extensively applied in the medical field due to their desirable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, especially for systemic infections caused by Gram-negative organisms. Recent studies demonstrated that aminoglycosides also possessed potential activity against MRSA, so aminoglycosides may be useful weapons to fight against MRSA. The present work aims to summarize the current scenario of aminoglycosides with anti- MRSA potential, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of action are also discussed for the further rational design of novel potential drug candidates.

The ionospheric gradient caused by spatial decorrelation is a crucial factor affecting the integrity of a ground-based augmentation system (GBAS). We processed GPS data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China from 2008 to 2018 with the long-term ionospheric anomaly monitoring method and then analyzed and verified a typical anomalous event. Compared with the wedge, plasma bubbles in the low-latitude region can be better described by the trapezoid. The largest detected anomalous gradient in China was 196 mm/km, and the conservative upper bound of anomalous gradients was determined to be 300 mm/km. Wedge and trapezoid were applied to establish GBAS threat models for China. Based on these threat models, we analyzed the impact of anomalous ionospheric gradients on GBAS in the low-latitude region of China. The results show that the performances of ionospheric anomaly monitors satisfy the requirements of GBAS approach service type D when the wedge is applied. However, the performances do not satisfy the requirements under the trapezoid for the following scenarios: When the speed and direction of the aircraft are similar to the threat model with a narrower slope width, the aircraft is affected by anomalies before the time that the GBAS facilities are affected; moreover, the monitor performance decreases sharply, and large differential range errors may occur. Finally, the high-risk approach conditions were analyzed in detail, and we provided recommendations for conducting aircraft approaches at low latitudes.

Ground-Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) provides differential corrections and integrity information so that the airborne users correct global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements. Among all the errors, the influence of ionospheric delay is significant and uncertain. In general, GBAS ground stations determine and broadcast a conservative one-sigma parameter to bound the ionospheric uncertainty. However, the ionospheric abnormal conditions, just like storm and scintillation, may cause extreme gradients which is hardly to be bound. Therefore, the ionospheric threat model is defined to bound worst-case ionospheric delay gradients. However, current models can not be used in China directly because the characteristics of the ionosphere in China are complex and unique for the large latitude span. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to establish a threat model for GBAS in China. This paper analyzes the ionospheric anomalies in China from 2011 to 2014, based on real GPS data from Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). The four years includes the most recent solar maximum period, hence the data from which are representative. We process the data by the improved “Simple Truth” method. Then, two typical ionospheric anomaly events are demonstrated and analyzed and we verify the max gradient event. Finally, we demonstrate the statistic result of ionospheric anomaly gradients larger than 100mm/km and the max gradient in this research is 196mm/km. There is no obvious relationship between the distribution of anomaly gradients and satellite elevation angle. Therefore, a uniform constant is recommended as an upper bound for the ionospheric threat model in China. More data is needed to determine the value of upper bound of extreme gradient and establish an integrated ionospheric threat model for GBAS in China. These results may be helpful for understanding the characteristic of ionosphere and provide reference for the ionospheric threat model for GBAS in China.

Signal-In-Space User Range Errors (SIS UREs) are assumed to be overbounded by a normal distribution with a standard deviation represented by the User Range Accuracy (URA). The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) broadcast URA is not compatible with the historical SIS URE performance that affects the Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) False Alert Probability (Pfa) and availability evaluation. This study compares the BDS broadcast and precise ephemeris from 1 March 2013 to 1 March 2017 to obtain SIS UREs. Through analyzing the statistical characteristics of the SIS UREs, we obtain the standard deviation &sigma, URE for the accuracy and continuity and &sigma, URA used for the integrity of the SIS UREs. The results show that the broadcast &sigma, URA of 2 m cannot completely overbound SIS UREs for all BDS satellites, but the &sigma, URA of 2.4 m can. Then, we use the &sigma, URA of 2.4 m to evaluate the ARAIM Pfa and availability. The results show that the Pfa may increase to 2 &times, 10&minus, 5 and exceed its limit by an order of magnitude. We also consider the differences between the SIS UREs of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), Inclined Geo-Synchronous Orbit (IGSO), and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO). The results indicate that all Pfa values calculated by the computed &sigma, URE are less than the Pfa in the Integrity Support Message (ISM) for the worst-performing GEO satellite. The approximately 55% Pfa calculated by the computed &sigma, URE is less than the Pfa in ISM for the worst-performing IGSO satellite. Most Pfa values calculated by the computed &sigma, URE is less than the Pfa in the ISM for the worst-performing MEO satellite. For BDS satellites, the Pfa is mainly affected by &sigma, URE. When the &sigma, URA of 2.4 m is used to evaluate the availability, the computed availability is lower than the availability calculated by the broadcast &sigma, URA/&sigma, URE and the greatest degradation can reach 25%.

Flower fragrance not only plays an important role for reproduction of ornamental plants, but also improves the aesthetic value of cut flowers and potted plants, the quality of flower products and their economic value. In this study, the floral headspace compounds of different herbaceous peony cultivars were isolated by a headspace solid-phase microextraction, and followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for identification and quantification. Up to 34 volatile compounds were identified from the 21 herbaceous peony cultivars, including 14 terpenes, 9 alcohols, 7 esters, 1 aldehydes, 1 ketones and 2 arenes. Terpenes, alcohols and esters were the major headspace compounds, whereas the main floral constituents identified in herbaceous peony were caryophyllene, β-citronellol and cinnamic acid methyl ester. Paeonia lactiflora ‘Zi Rong Xi Yao’, Paeonia lactiflora ‘Mo Zi Han Jin’, Paeonia lactiflora ‘Zi Yu Lian’ and Paeonia lactiflora ‘Xi Xia Ying Xue’ had a high total amount of β-citronellol, gera...

Rosa rugosa is an important ornamental and economical plant. In this paper, four genes encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) and linalool synthase (LIS) involved in the monoterpene biosynthesis pathways were isolated from R. rugosa 'Tangzi', and the expression patterns of these genes in different flower development stages and different parts of floral organs were determined by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis was carried out into the relationship between expression of four monoterpene synthesis genes and accumulation of main volatile monoterpenes and their acetic acid ester derivatives. The results showed that the genes RrDXS, RrDXR and RrLIS showed consistent expressions during the development process for R. rugosa flower from budding to withering stage, the overall expression levels of gene RrDXS and RrLIS were obviously lower as compared with those of gene RrDXR and RrAAT. Although the gene RrDXS, RrDXR, RrAAT and RrLIS were expressed in all parts of R. rugosa floral organs, the expression levels varied significantly. The variations in the constituent and content of volatile monoterpenes including citronellol, geraniol, nerol, linalool, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate and neryl acetate at different development stages and parts of floral organs were significantly different. On this basis, we concluded that the gene RrDXR and RrAAT might play a key role in the biosynthesis of volatile monoterpenes in R. rugosa flowers, and the two genes are important candidate genes for the regulation of secondary metabolism for rose aromatic components.