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Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of bone culture (microbiology) and biopsy (histology) in patients with acute or chronic diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO)., Methods: This cross-sectional study involved patients for whom providers had a clinical suspicion of DFO. Two bone samples were taken: one for microbiologic testing and another for histologic testing. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were calculated for bone culture results in relation to the probability of DFO diagnosis., Results: Fifty-two patients were included; 69% had positive bone culture results, and 90.4% had positive histology results (P = .013), and of those 90.4%, 25.5% had acute and 74.5% had chronic DFO. The sensitivity of the microbiologic bone culture result was 0.70, the specificity was 0.40, the positive predictive value was 0.92, and the negative predictive value was 0.13., Conclusions: Histology provides more accurate diagnosis of DFO than microbiology, especially for patients with chronic DFO. These patients could be underdiagnosed because of false-negative results provided by bone culture. Providers should perform both tests to confirm the presence of DFO., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Plants endue a key role against illnesses caused by oxidative stress. These attributes are frequently associated with polyphenolic compounds. However, presence and concentration of secondary metabolites are affected by abiotic factors. The in vitro culture techniques can solve these drawbacks. Peppers can be a suitable alternative to obtain polyphenols. Aiming to optimise the callus culture stage from Capsicum baccatum to produce polyphenols, this work evaluated systemically the effects of the explant's origin (root, hypocotyl and cotyledon), growth hormone type (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and a combination of 2,4-D/BAP at five-to-one ratio) and concentration (0.023-10.000 mg L -1 ) on callus culture efficiency parameters using a multilevel factorial design. The root explant in combination with BAP at 1.138 mg L - 1 ensured the optimal values of the assessed responses; ​callus mass (225.03 mg), antioxidant activity (35.95%), total phenols (11.48 mg of GAE/g DE) and flavonoids (15.92 mg of RU/g DE) production.

The following chapter summarizes principles of fluid dynamics in bioreactor design with a focus on mammalian cell-culture systems.

The hydrodynamic environment "created" by bioreactors for the culture of a tissue engineered construct (TEC) is known to influence cell migration, proliferation and extra cellular matrix production. However, tissue engineers have looked at bioreactors as black boxes within which TECs are cultured mainly by trial and error, as the complex relationship between the hydrodynamic environment and tissue properties remains elusive, yet is critical to the production of clinically useful tissues. It is well known in the chemical and biotechnology field that a more detailed description of fluid mechanics and nutrient transport within process equipment can be achieved via the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. Hence, the coupling of experimental methods and computational simulations forms a synergistic relationship that can potentially yield greater and yet, more cohesive data sets for bioreactor studies. This review aims at discussing the rationale of using CFD in bioreactor studies related to tissue engineering, as fluid flow processes and phenomena have direct implications on cellular response such as migration and/or proliferation. We conclude that CFD should be seen by tissue engineers as an invaluable tool allowing us to analyze and visualize the impact of fluidic forces and stresses on cells and TECs.

Objective: To examine whether a high concentration of recombinant hyaluronan in the embryo transfer (ET) medium can influence pregnancy rates in humans., Design: Retrospective, matched group study., Setting: Private and university hospital in vitro fertilization (IVF) units., Patient(s): Couples undergoing IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were divided in two groups. In group 1 (402 patients), ET was performed with an ET medium containing a high concentration of recombinant hyaluronan in the presence of recombinant human serum albumin (HSA). In group 2 (425 couples), ET was performed with a medium containing a lower concentration of hyaluronan and HSA., Intervention(s): IVF and ICSI., Main Outcome Measure(s): The two groups were compared for pregnancy rates according to the woman's age, the technique used (IVF or ICSI), the number of embryos transferred, and the day of ET., Result(s): Between the two groups, no statistically significant differences were observed in the total pregnancy rates after IVF or ICSI. Similarly, the pregnancy rates did not differ between the two groups when subdivided according to the woman's age, the number of embryos transferred (one to four), or the day of ET (2, 3, or 5 after oocyte pick up)., Conclusion(s): The use of an ET medium with a high concentration of hyaluronan does not appear to have any statistically significant effect on pregnancy rates.