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Vitreous cortex hyalocytes (VCH) are resident macrophage cells that provide immunosurveillance, respond to tissue injury and inflammation, and help maintain the transparency of the media. In this case report we demonstrate the use ofA 38-year-old female with no known medical history presented with complaints of visual disturbances in the right eye. OCT revealed hyperreflective bands in the IPL and INL nasal to the fovea. A diagnosis of PAMM was made. Work-up revealed elevated titers of antiphospholipid antibodies.Our findings suggest that monitoring changes in the distribution and morphology of VCH could have a potential clinical utility for assessing disease severity, predicting recovery, and early recognition of treatment response in various inflammatory ocular pathologies such as PAMM.

Alexander Pinhas,1,2 Jorge S Andrade Romo,1 Giselle Lynch,1,3 Davis B Zhou,1,3 Maria V Castanos Toral,1 Phillip A Tenzel,1 Oscar Otero-Marquez,1 Shoshana Yakubova,1,4 Alexander Barash,1 David Della Rocca,1 Robert Della Rocca,1 Toco YP Chui,1 Richard B Rosen,1 Harsha S Reddy1 1Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; 4Department of Biology, Macaulay Honors College at City University of New York Queens College, Flushing, NY, USACorrespondence: Harsha S Reddy, Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, 310 E 14th St, New York, NY, 10003, USA, Tel +1 212-979-4284, Fax +1 212-966-6295, Email hreddy@nyee.eduPurpose: Hemodynamic changes surrounding the optic nerve head are known to occur in thyroid-related orbitopathy (TRO). This pilot study explores the capillary and non-capillary peripapillary perfusion changes of the retina in TRO eyes without dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).Methods: Non-capillary and capillary peripapillary perfusion densities were calculated using single 4.5 × 4.5mm en face “RPC layer” OCT-A scans of 8 TRO patients without DON (8 eyes, mean age 40.6 years, range 23– 69 years). Results were compared to a previously published dataset of 133 healthy controls (133 eyes, mean 41.5 years, range 11– 83 years). The strength of association was measured between OCT-A perfusion densities and clinical measures of TRO.Results: Non-capillary peripapillary perfusion density in TRO eyes was found to be significantly decreased compared to healthy controls (TRO group 15.4 ± 2.9% vs controls 21.5 ± 3.1%; p < 0.0001). Capillary peripapillary perfusion densities showed no significant difference (TRO group 42.5 ± 1.8% vs controls 42.5 ± 1.5%; p = 1.0). Clinical measures of disease did not correlate well with OCT-A perfusion densities (p> 0.05).Conclusion: These findings may represent decreased blood flow and subclinical ischemia to the optic nerve. We discuss possible pathogenic mechanisms of thyroid-related vasculopathy, including vessel wall thickening due to immunologically-induced media enlargement.Keywords: thyroid-related orbitopathy, optical coherence tomography angiography, peripapillary microvasculature, thyroid-related vasculopathy

Global changes with age in the density of photoreceptors were investigated by using novel software to compute the thickness of the outer nuclear layer seen with Optical Coherence Tomography.