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1. New challenges in point cloud visual quality assessment: a systematic review

Author

Amar Tious, Toinon Vigier, and Vincent Ricordel

Subjects
point cloud, volumetric video, systematic review, subjective quality assessment, objective quality metrics, QoE, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The compression, transmission and rendering of point clouds is essential for many use cases, notably immersive experience settings in eXtended Reality, telepresence and real-time communication where real world acquired 3D content is displayed in a virtual or real scene. Processing and display for these applications induce visual artifacts and the viewing conditions can impact the visual perception and Quality of Experience of users. Therefore, point cloud codecs, rendering methods, display settings and more need to be evaluated through visual Point Cloud Quality Assessment (PCQA) studies, both subjective and objective. However, the standardization of recommendations and methods to run such studies did not follow the evolution of the research field and new issues and challenges have emerged. In this paper, we make a systematic review of subjective and objective PCQA studies. We collected scientific papers from online libraries (IEEE Xplore, ACM DL, Scopus) and selected a set of relevant papers to analyze. From our observations, we discuss the progress and future challenges in PCQA toward efficient point cloud video coding and rendering for eXtended Reality. Main axes for development include the study of use case specific influential factors and the definition of new test conditions for subjective PCQA, and development of perceptual learning-based methods for objective PCQA metrics as well as more versatile evaluation of their performance and time complexity.

Published
2024
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2. Examining the Academic Trends in Neuropsychological Tests for Executive Functions Using Virtual Reality: Systematic Literature Review

Author

Euisung Kim, Jieun Han, Hojin Choi, Yannick Prié, Toinon Vigier, Samuel Bulteau, and Gyu Hyun Kwon

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundIn neuropsychology, fully immersive virtual reality (VR) has been spotlighted as a promising tool. It is considered that VR not only overcomes the existing limitation of neuropsychological tests but is also appropriate for treating executive functions (EFs) within activities of daily living (ADL) due to its high ecological validity. While fully immersive VR offers new possibilities of neuropsychological tests, there are few studies that overview the intellectual landscape and academic trends in the research related to mainly targeted EFs with fully immersive VR. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to get an overview of the research trends that use VR in neuropsychological tests and to analyze the research trends using fully immersive VR neuropsychological tests with experimental articles. MethodsThis review was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were searched in three web databases using keywords related to VR, EFs, and cognitive abilities. The study was conducted in two steps, keyword analysis and in-depth systematic review. In the web database search from 2000 to 2019, 1167 articles were initially collected, of which 234 articles in the eligibility phase were used to conduct keyword analysis and a total of 47 articles were included for systematic review. ResultsIn keyword analysis, the number of articles focused on dementia including the keywords “MCI,” “SCD,” and “dementia” were highlighted over the period, rather than other symptoms. In addition, we identified that the use of behavioral and physiological data in virtual environments (VEs) has dramatically increased in recent studies. In the systematic review, we focused on the purpose of study, assessment, treatment, and validation of usability and structure. We found that treatment studies and uncategorized studies including presence and cybersickness issues have emerged in the recent period. In addition, the target symptoms and range of participants were diversified. ConclusionsThere has been a continuously increasing interest in dealing with neuropsychology by using fully immersive VR. Target cognitive abilities have been diversified, as well as target symptoms. Moreover, the concept of embodied cognition was transplanted in this research area.

Published
2021
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28. Towards a Calibrated 360° Stereoscopic HDR Image Dataset for Architectural Lighting Studies

Author

Michèle Atié, Toinon Vigier, François Eymond, Céline Drozd, Raphaël Labayrade, Daniel Siret, Yannick Sutter, Centre de recherche nantais Architectures Urbanités (CRENAU ), Ambiances, Architectures, Urbanités (AAU), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ENSA Nantes), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG ), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Image Perception Interaction (LS2N - équipe IPI), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable, des Transports et du Logement, and ANR-19-CE38-0010,PERCILUM,Visualisation, perception et pédagogie des ambiances lumineuses via des dispositifs numériques innovants(2019)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Daylight, Virtual reality VR, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, Computing technology, Ambiance lumineuse, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Abstract

International audience; Highfidelity360 images enhance user experience and offer realistic representations for architectural design studies. Specifically, VR and hyper-realistic imaging technologies can be helpful tools to study daylight in architectural places thanks to the high level of immersion and its ability to create perceptually accurate and faithful scene representations.In this paper, we present a novel method for collecting and processing physically calibrated 360◦ stereoscopic high-dynamic range images of daylit indoor places. The future dataset aims to provide a higher degree of realism, a wide range of various luminous interior spaces supplied with information on the physical characterization of the space. This paper presents the first applications of this method on different places and discusses challenges for assessing visual perception in these images. In the near future, this dataset will be publicly available for architectural as well as multimedia studies.

Published
2022
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30. Feasibility of combining transcranial direct current stimulation and active fully embodied virtual reality for visual height intolerance : a double-blind randomized controlled study

Author

Samuel Bulteau, Andrew Laurin, Kalyane Bach-Ngohou, Morgane Péré, Marie-Anne Vibet, Jean-Benoit Hardouin, Véronique Sebille, Lydie Lagalice, Élodie Faurel-Paul, Didier Acier, Thomas Rabeyron, Valéry-Pierre Riche, Anne Sauvaget, Florian Melki, Toinon Vigier, Matthieu Perreira Da Silva, Olivier Charlet, Yannick Prié, NantesU M, Dépôt, MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Université - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Motricité, interactions, performance UR 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (Nantes Univ - UFR STAPS), The Enteric Nervous System in gut and brain disorders [U1235] (TENS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de psychologie de l'interaction et des relations intersubjectives (INTERPSY), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes Université - École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Univ - UFR Pharmacie), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN)

Subjects
virtual reality, transcranial direct current stimulation, anxiety, visual height intolerance, therapy, treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, Visual height intolerance, Anxiety, Article, Treatment, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], vVrtual reality, Medicine, Transcranial direct current stimulation, Therapy
Abstract

International audience; Background: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) are individually increasingly used in psychiatric research. Objective/Hypothesis: Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility of combining tDCS and wireless 360° full immersive active and embodied VRET to reduce height-induced anxiety. Methods: We carried out a pilot randomized, double-blind, controlled study associating VRET (two 20 min sessions with a 48 h interval, during which, participants had to cross a plank at rising heights in a building in construction) with online tDCS (targeting the ventromedial prefrontal cortex) in 28 participants. The primary outcomes were the sense of presence level and the tolerability. The secondary outcomes were the anxiety level (Subjective Unit of Discomfort) and the salivary cortisol concentration. Results: We confirmed the feasibility of the association between tDCS and fully embodied VRET associated with a good sense of presence without noticeable adverse effects. In both groups, a significant reduction in the fear of height was observed after two sessions, with only a small effect size of add-on tDCS (0.1) according to the SUD. The variations of cortisol concentration differed in the tDCS and sham groups. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the feasibility of the association between wireless online tDCS and active, fully embodied VRET. The optimal tDCS paradigm remains to be determined in this context to increase effect size and then adequately power future clinical studies assessing synergies between both techniques.

Published
2022
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32. Tracking motor activity in Virtual Reality to reveal cognitive functioning: A preliminary study

Author

Toinon Vigier, Yannick Prié, Nicolas Ribeiro, Data User Knowledge (DUKe), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Image Perception Interaction (IPI)

Subjects
Embodied cognition, Motor system, [INFO.INFO-DL]Computer Science [cs]/Digital Libraries [cs.DL], Cognition, Cognitive skill, Tracking (education), Motor activity, Virtual reality, Psychology, Task (project management), Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; A challenge for cognitive research is the better understanding of how motor activity influences and is influenced by other cognitive domains. We developed a preliminary study to investigate whether tracking motor functioning in virtual reality provides useful insight on cognitive functioning. We chose the flankers task as an assessment measure and built a VR environment into which seven participants completed more than 1250 trials. In addition to classical results of the flankers task showing that incongruent stimuli induce slower responses than others., we also identified how individuals are able to correct their initially incorrect motor response. This indicator may shed new light into the functioning of cognitive control in the future. We discuss the potential offered by virtual reality technology for cognitive assessment through embodied considerations of cognition.

Published
2021
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33. Examining the Academic Trends in Neuropsychological Tests for Executive Functions Using Virtual Reality: Systematic Literature Review (Preprint)

Author

Euisung Kim, Jieun Han, Hojin Choi, Yannick Prié, Toinon Vigier, Samuel Bulteau, and Gyu Hyun Kwon

Abstract

BACKGROUND In neuropsychology, fully immersive virtual reality (VR) has been spotlighted as a promising tool. It is considered that VR not only overcomes the existing limitation of neuropsychological tests but is also appropriate for treating executive functions (EFs) within activities of daily living (ADL) due to its high ecological validity. While fully immersive VR offers new possibilities of neuropsychological tests, there are few studies that overview the intellectual landscape and academic trends in the research related to mainly targeted EFs with fully immersive VR. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to get an overview of the research trends that use VR in neuropsychological tests and to analyze the research trends using fully immersive VR neuropsychological tests with experimental articles. METHODS This review was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were searched in three web databases using keywords related to VR, EFs, and cognitive abilities. The study was conducted in two steps, keyword analysis and in-depth systematic review. In the web database search from 2000 to 2019, 1167 articles were initially collected, of which 234 articles in the eligibility phase were used to conduct keyword analysis and a total of 47 articles were included for systematic review. RESULTS In keyword analysis, the number of articles focused on dementia including the keywords “MCI,” “SCD,” and “dementia” were highlighted over the period, rather than other symptoms. In addition, we identified that the use of behavioral and physiological data in virtual environments (VEs) has dramatically increased in recent studies. In the systematic review, we focused on the purpose of study, assessment, treatment, and validation of usability and structure. We found that treatment studies and uncategorized studies including presence and cybersickness issues have emerged in the recent period. In addition, the target symptoms and range of participants were diversified. CONCLUSIONS There has been a continuously increasing interest in dealing with neuropsychology by using fully immersive VR. Target cognitive abilities have been diversified, as well as target symptoms. Moreover, the concept of embodied cognition was transplanted in this research area.

Published
2021
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34. Examining the Academic Trends in Neuropsychological Tests for Executive Functions Using Virtual Reality: Systematic Literature Review

Author

Samuel Bulteau, Euisung Kim, Yannick Prié, Jieun Han, Hojin Choi, Toinon Vigier, Gyu Hyun Kwon, Data User Knowledge (DUKe), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Image Perception Interaction (IPI)

Subjects
cognition, Ecological validity, Applied psychology, Biomedical Engineering, digital health, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Review, Virtual reality, brain disorder, 050105 experimental psychology, immersive, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, cognitive ability, medicine, [INFO.INFO-DL]Computer Science [cs]/Digital Libraries [cs.DL], 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, neurology, 05 social sciences, Rehabilitation, Neuropsychology, Cognition, Usability, Neuropsychological test, Executive functions, Computer Science Applications, Psychiatry and Mental health, academic trends, Systematic review, executive function, virtual reality, neuropsychological test, Psychology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background In neuropsychology, fully immersive virtual reality (VR) has been spotlighted as a promising tool. It is considered that VR not only overcomes the existing limitation of neuropsychological tests but is also appropriate for treating executive functions (EFs) within activities of daily living (ADL) due to its high ecological validity. While fully immersive VR offers new possibilities of neuropsychological tests, there are few studies that overview the intellectual landscape and academic trends in the research related to mainly targeted EFs with fully immersive VR. Objective The objective of this study is to get an overview of the research trends that use VR in neuropsychological tests and to analyze the research trends using fully immersive VR neuropsychological tests with experimental articles. Methods This review was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were searched in three web databases using keywords related to VR, EFs, and cognitive abilities. The study was conducted in two steps, keyword analysis and in-depth systematic review. In the web database search from 2000 to 2019, 1167 articles were initially collected, of which 234 articles in the eligibility phase were used to conduct keyword analysis and a total of 47 articles were included for systematic review. Results In keyword analysis, the number of articles focused on dementia including the keywords “MCI,” “SCD,” and “dementia” were highlighted over the period, rather than other symptoms. In addition, we identified that the use of behavioral and physiological data in virtual environments (VEs) has dramatically increased in recent studies. In the systematic review, we focused on the purpose of study, assessment, treatment, and validation of usability and structure. We found that treatment studies and uncategorized studies including presence and cybersickness issues have emerged in the recent period. In addition, the target symptoms and range of participants were diversified. Conclusions There has been a continuously increasing interest in dealing with neuropsychology by using fully immersive VR. Target cognitive abilities have been diversified, as well as target symptoms. Moreover, the concept of embodied cognition was transplanted in this research area.

Published
2021
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35. Examining the Academic Trends of Neuropsychological Tests Using Virtual Reality: Systematic Literature Review (Preprint)

Author

Euisung Kim, Jieun Han, Hojin Choi, Yannick Prie, Toinon Vigier, Samuel Bulteau, and Gyu Hyun Kwon

Abstract

BACKGROUND In neuropsychology, fully-immersive virtual reality has been spotlighted as a promising tool. It is considered that not only overcome existing limitation of neuropsychological tests, but also appropriate for treating executive functions within daily living tasks due to its high ecological validity. While fully-immersive virtual reality offers the new possibilities of neuropsychological tests, there are only few studies that use fully-immersive virtual reality to mainly targeted executive functions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to overview the research trends that use virtual reality in neuropsychological tests and to analyze the research trends using fully-immersive virtual reality neuropsychological tests with experimental articles. METHODS This review was carried out according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Articles were searched in three web databases using the keywords related to virtual reality, executive functions, and cognitive abilities and publishing year were limited from 2000 to 2019. Studies were divided into two categories: keyword analysis and descriptive analysis. RESULTS : From the web database searching, 1167 articles were collected initially. A total of 47 articles were included for descriptive analysis, and 234 articles in eligibility phase was used to conduct keyword analysis. In keyword analysis, it is conducted to overview the research trends about target cognitive abilities, target symptoms, and behavioral and physiological data. In descriptive analysis, final included articles were analyzed with its purpose of study, target cognitive abilities and virtual environments, and their participants to look the trends more deeply. CONCLUSIONS There has been a continuously increased interest in dealing with neuropsychology by using fully-immersive virtual reality. Target cognitive abilities were diversified, as well as target symptoms. Moreover, the concept of embodied cognition was transplanted in this research area.

Published
2021
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36. Ambiguity of objective image quality metrics: A new methodology for performance evaluation

Author

Lukas Krasula, Junghyuk Lee, Toinon Vigier, Manri Cheon, Jong-Seok Lee, Patrick Le Callet, Image Perception Interaction (IPI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, Image quality, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, Interval (mathematics), Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Performance measurement, Quality (business), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, business.industry, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], 020206 networking & telecommunications, Ambiguity, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Multimedia (cs.MM), Signal Processing, Quality Score, Human visual system model, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, Metric (unit), business, computer, Computer Science - Multimedia, Software
Abstract

Objective image quality metrics try to estimate the perceptual quality of the given image by considering the characteristics of the human visual system. However, it is possible that the metrics produce different quality scores even for two images that are perceptually indistinguishable by human viewers, which have not been considered in the existing studies related to objective quality assessment. In this paper, we address the issue of ambiguity of objective image quality assessment. We propose an approach to obtain an ambiguity interval of an objective metric, within which the quality score difference is not perceptually significant. In particular, we use the visual difference predictor, which can consider viewing conditions that are important for visual quality perception. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach, we conduct experiments with 33 state-of-the-art image quality metrics in the viewpoint of their accuracy and ambiguity for three image quality databases. The results show that the ambiguity intervals can be applied as an additional figure of merit when conventional performance measurement does not determine superiority between the metrics. The effect of the viewing distance on the ambiguity interval is also shown.

Published
2021
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37. Wide Color Gamut Image Content Characterization: Method, Evaluation, and Applications

Author

Toinon Vigier, Junghyuk Lee, Patrick Le Callet, Jong-Seok Lee, Yonsei University, Image Perception Interaction (IPI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes (IRCCyN), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, content selection, 02 engineering and technology, quality of experience, computer.software_genre, Gamut, color gamut mapping, Robustness (computer science), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Use case, Quality of experience, content characterization, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Reliability (statistics), ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Wide color gamut, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], Image content, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science Applications, Method evaluation, Characterization (materials science), Multimedia (cs.MM), [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Signal Processing, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, computer, Computer Science - Multimedia
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we propose a novel framework to characterize a wide color gamut image content based on perceived quality due to the processes that change color gamut, and demonstrate two practical use cases where the framework can be applied. We first introduce the main framework and implementation details. Then, we provide analysis for understanding of existing wide color gamut datasets with quantitative characterization criteria on their characteristics, where four criteria, i.e., coverage, total coverage, uniformity, and total uniformity, are proposed. Finally, the framework is applied to content selection in a gamut mapping evaluation scenario in order to enhance reliability and robustness of the evaluation results. As a result, the framework fulfils content characterization for studies where quality of experience of wide color gamut stimuli is involved.

Published
2021
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38. HMM-Based Framework to Measure the Visual Fidelity of Tone Mapping Operators

Author

Patrick Le Callet, Toinon Vigier, Waqas Ellahi, University of Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France, Image Perception Interaction (IPI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Brightness, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Index Terms-scanpath, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Tone mapping, Similarity measure, 050105 experimental psychology, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Contrast (vision), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer vision, Hidden Markov model, Spatial analysis, High dynamic range, media_common, hidden markov model, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, tone mapping operators, 05 social sciences, visual atten- tion, eye movements, Metric (mathematics), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

International audience; Recent advancements in the image capturing techniques and post processing software generate High Dynamic Range (HDR) images. Such images retain maximum information of the scene by capturing more realistic visual contents, which are often missed in traditional image capturing techniques. In this regard, tone mapping operators (TMOs) play a significant role in displaying HDR image contents on a traditional Low Dynamic Range (LDR) display. These operators tend to introduce artifacts in the original HDR image to change its brightness and contrast in such a way that it can destroy the important textures and information of the image. The assessment of these TMOs is a challenging topic to select best the best technique considering different perceptual and quality dimensions. In this paper, we propose to compare TMOs through their impact on visual behavior in comparison with HDR condition. This study is the first of its kind to utilize hidden markov model (HMM) as a similarity measure to evaluate perceived quality of TMO. The findings suggest that the proposed HMM-based method which emphasizes on temporal information produce better evaluation metric than the traditional approaches which are based only on visual spatial information.

Published
2020
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39. Influence of Emotions on Eye Behavior in Omnidirectional Content

Author

Matthieu Perreira Da Silva, Toinon Vigier, Shiyi Wu, Wei Tang, Image Perception Interaction (LS2N - équipe IPI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), South China University of Technology [Guangzhou] (SCUT), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Université de Nantes (UN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
Computer science, omnidirectional images, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Index Terms-eye behavior, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, Virtual reality, emotions, 050105 experimental psychology, Arousal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Visual attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Quality of experience, Content (Freudian dream analysis), Omnidirectional antenna, eye features, saliency, 05 social sciences, Saccade, Fixation (visual), [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, eye behavior, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; The recent development of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies and interactive visual content faces some important challenges in multimedia processing and Quality of Experience (QoE). Considering omnidirectional, also called 360-degree, content , one major research topic is the development of reliable visual attention models. In this paper, we present a new dataset to study the influence of emotions on eye behavior in omnidirec-tional content. This dataset is based on an eye-tracking experiment where 19 observers have assessed emotional valence and arousal dimensions in 360-degree images. Several analyses are then conducted to compare fixation and saccade features, inter-observer saliency congruency and spatial oculomotor biases in positive, neutral and negative content. Results show a significant impact of negative images on visual attention, with more visual agitation and avoidance behavior from larger, longer and faster saccades. However, no obvious difference of eye behavior is found between positive and neutral stimulis on this dataset.

Published
2020

41. Can Visual Scanpath Reveal Personal Image Memorability? Investigation of HMM Tools for Gaze Patterns Analysis

Author

Patrick Le Callet, Waqas Ellahi, Toinon Vigier, University of Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France, Image Perception Interaction (IPI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes (IRCCyN), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
scanpath, Computer science, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, 050105 experimental psychology, Personalization, Visual behavior, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Human–computer interaction, Visual attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Hidden Markov model, memorability, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], Eye movement, Gaze, eye movements, visual attention, Hidden markov model, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Visual patterns, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Visual attention has been shown as a good proxy for QoE, revealing specific visual patterns considering content, system and contextual aspects of a multimedia applications. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on hidden markov models to analyze visual scanpaths in an image memorability task. This new method ensures the consideration of both temporal and idiosyncrasic aspects of visual behavior. The study shows promising results for the use of indirect measures for the personalization of QoE assessment and prediction.

Published
2020
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42. Complexity and Scientific Challenges

Author

Jérôme Perret, Vincent Lepetit, Toinon Vigier, Guillaume Moreau, Xavier Granier, Géry Casiez, Bruno Arnaldi, Stéphane Donikian, Jean-Marie Burkhardt, Patrick Le Callet, Ferran Argelaguet Sanz, Florian Gosselin, Maud Marchal, 3D interaction with virtual environments using body and mind (Hybrid), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-MEDIA ET INTERACTIONS (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Technology and knowledge for interaction (LOKI), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Golaem, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Melting the frontiers between Light, Shape and Matter (MANAO), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche nantais Architectures Urbanités (CRENAU), Ambiances, Architectures, Urbanités (AAU ), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Haption S.A., Haption, Bruno Arnaldi, Pascal Guitton, Guillaume Moreau, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Ambiances, Architectures, Urbanités (AAU), and École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)

Subjects
3D interaction, Computer science, 05 social sciences, perception‐action loop, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, virtual human, Virtual reality, force feedback analysis, augmented reality, scientific challenges, Sight, Naturalness, Stimulus modality, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 3D interaction loop, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Augmented reality, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], naturalness, physical models, 050107 human factors, Virtual actor, Haptic technology
Abstract

International audience; This chapter discusses the topics for which solutions exist, but which still pose scientific challenges and elements of complexity which would be helpful to discuss in detail. It describes physical models to detect collisions and the problem of the virtual human. The chapter then examines naturalness of the interaction, and proposes an analysis of force feedback. It also discusses the 3D interaction loop as the explanatory framework for the scientific challenges surrounding 3D interaction with virtual or mixed environments. This loop comes from the perception‐action loop, which is very often used in the literature to explain the challenges in virtual reality and augmented reality. In order to improve interaction, different sensory modalities of the user are brought into play: not only sight, but also hearing and touch are fundamental sensory modalities. The chapter finally identifies the scientific challenges related to these different sensory modalities.

Published
2018
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43. Demo_Emotive VR: a neuro-interactive 360 movie

Author

ACM TVX2018, Toinon Vigier, and Marie-Laure Cazin

Abstract

This paper describes a demo for the ACM TVX conference about a new form of interactive cinema. This demo consists on the prototype of a new neuro-interactive omnidirectional movie “Freud’s last hypnosis” visualized in Virtual Reality (VR) Head-Mounted Display (HMD). During the visualization, the EEG signals are recorded and analyzed in real time in order to apply some visual and audio feedbacks inside the 360° film, according to the emotional state of the user.

Published
2018
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44. Impact of visual immersion on perception of urban morphology and density in 3D city models: Submission 50

Author

Toinon Vigier, Vincent Tourre, and Maxime Ameil

Subjects
3D city models, business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Urban morphology, Stereoscopy, law.invention, Visualization, Information visualization, Human–computer interaction, Urban planning, law, ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS, Perception, 11. Sustainability, Immersion (virtual reality), business, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, media_common
Abstract

Urban information visualization is an essential tool for decision process in urban planning. Nowadays, more and more urban visualizations incorporate virtual 3D city scenes to better convey spatial and morphological information. On the other hand, the development of consumer grade VR devices as Head Mounted Displays (HMD) enable to visualize urban information with a greater degree of immersion. These new ways to render and display 3D city models may have a significant impact on the perception of urban morphology and, consequently, on the interpretation of the urban visualization. In this paper, we present a subjective experiment to evaluate the impact of visual immersion - field of view, stereoscopy and allocentric or egocentric representations - on the perception of urban morphology and density in 3D city models. Obtained results can be useful to improve urban visualization, but also to better understand perception, user behavior and navigation in 3D virtual environments.

Published
2017
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45. Performance and robustness of HDR objective quality metrics in the context of recent compression scenarios

Author

Lukas Krasula, Matthieu Perreira Da Silva, Aurélien Milliat, Toinon Vigier, Patrick Le Callet, Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes (IRCCyN), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU)

Subjects
Dynamic range, business.industry, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Luminance, Objective quality, 010309 optics, Robustness (computer science), 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Quality of experience, business, computer, Subjective video quality, High dynamic range, Data compression
Abstract

International audience; The new High Dynamic Range (HDR) technologies intend to increase the immersiveness and quality of experience of the observers thanks to much larger luminance and contrast characteristics. This increase of the amount of information requires the development of new sophisticated compression algorithms. Moreover, well-known objective quality metrics designed for Low Dynamic Range (LDR) systems may not be directly used for assessing HDR videos. To address this issue, several different ways have been proposed. However, their performance and robustness in the context of the most recent HDR compression software solutions need to be assessed and validated on various types of content. In this paper, four objective metrics are benchmarked from data obtained in a new subjective test conducted on various HDR video sequences.

Published
2016
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46. A new HD and UHD video eye tracking dataset

Author

Patrick Le Callet, Matthieu Perreira Da Silva, Toinon Vigier, Josselin Rousseau, Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes (IRCCyN), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Eye tracking, CCS Concepts, General and reference → Evaluation, business.industry, Computer science, Information systems → Multimedia databases, 05 social sciences, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Video processing, video, UHD, 050105 experimental psychology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Visual attention, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Visual angle, business, Visual saliency
Abstract

International audience; The emergence of UHD video format induces larger screens and involves a wider stimulated visual angle. Therefore, its effect on visual attention can be questioned since it can impact quality assessment, metrics but also the whole chain of video processing and creation. Moreover, changes in visual attention from different viewing conditions challenge visual attention models. In this paper, we present a new HD and UHD video eye tracking dataset composed of 37 high quality videos observed by more than 35 naive observers. This dataset can be used to compare viewing behavior and visual saliency in HD and UHD, as well as for any study on dynamic visual attention in videos. It is available at http://ivc. univ-nantes.fr/en/databases/HD UHD Eyetracking Videos/.

Published
2016
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47. Sensitive suggestion and perception of climatic effects in virtual urban environments

Author

Guillaume Moreau, Daniel Siret, Laurent Lescop, Toinon Vigier, Centre de recherche méthodologique d'architecture (CERMA), Ambiances architecturales et urbaines (AAU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Gersa (Groupe d'Etude et de REcherche Scénologique en Architecture), and École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)

Subjects
business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Environmental resource management, Urban design, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Urban model, 01 natural sciences, Geography, 13. Climate action, Perception, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], business, Social psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

Climatic effects represent the physical signals (temperature, wind, humidity, light) which can have a perceptual impact for human-beings. They significantly influence perception and use of urban spaces. Nevertheless, while virtual environments have been proven as good tools to assess urban projects by non-expert people or to study perception in cities, climatic atmospheres are very seldom integrated in the virtual urban model [Drettakis et al. 2007; Tahrani and Moreau 2007]. Indeed, virtual urban environments are represented in ideal situations: the sky is blue, there are a few white clouds, trees are leafy or flowered and the sun is shining. Thus, participants can rarely experiment various seasons, times of day or weathers and and evaluate the urban design under different climatic or lighting situations.

Published
2013
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48. A new concept of perceptual fidelity to augment virtual urban environments with microclimatic ambiances

Author

Toinon Vigier, Guillaume Moreau, Laurent Lescop, Daniel Siret, Centre de recherche méthodologique d'architecture (CERMA), Ambiances architecturales et urbaines (AAU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Gersa (Groupe d'Etude et de REcherche Scénologique en Architecture), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Thomas Leduc, Guillaume Moreau, and Roland Billen

Subjects
Communication, Engineering, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, Aside, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Fidelity, 021107 urban & regional planning, Usability, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Virtual reality, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Human–computer interaction, Virtual machine, Perception, business, Urban landscape, computer, Realism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

International audience; Whereas virtual reality has proven some potential for visual urban landscape assessment, we raise similar questions about multisensory evaluation. Urban perception is complex and putting aside sensory interactions biases the evaluation of future projects. We attempt more particularly to propose several solutions to integrate microclimatic ambiances in virtual environment evaluations. These propositions rely on a new concept of realism: perceptual fidelity. It consists in provoking the same perceptual effect as in reality without try to reproduce physical causes.

Published
2012
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