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Background and Aim: Deficiency of zinc and selenium is common in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) and has been associated with the development of non-AIDS related comorbidities, impaired immune system function and mortality. Micronutrient supplementation on long-term-treated PLWHIV could bring potential clinical and immunological benefits improving their health status and quality of life. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of zinc and selenium supplementation on body composition, bone mineral density, CD4+ T-cell counts, metabolic profile and immune system status on clinical stable PLWHIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)., Methods: This is a randomized pilot clinical trial in which we recruited 60 PLWHIV on ART who were assigned to the intervention groups: zinc (30 mg of zinc gluconate), selenium (200 μg of selenium yeast), zinc + selenium (same doses and presentations) or to a control group (without nutritional supplementation) who received supplementation during 6 months. Primary outcome was defined as changes in body composition (weight, muscle and fat mass and bone mineral density) and secondary outcomes as changes in biochemical and immunological parameters (CD4+ T-cell count, cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides and seric zinc and selenium seric concentrations) before and after supplementation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of one individual of each intervention group were analyzed for single cell transcriptomics before and after supplementation., Results: BMI ( p  = 0.03), fat mass ( p  = 0.03), and trunk fat ( p  = 0.01) decreased after 6 months of selenium supplementation. No changes were observed for cholesterol, glucose or triglycerides after supplementation ( p  > 0.05 in all cases). CD4+ T cells percentage increased after 6 months of selenium supplementation ( p  = 0.03). On the transcriptome analysis, zinc and selenium supplementation induced changes on de expression of genes associated with the function of naive and memory CD8+ T-cells ( p  < 0.05 in all cases)., Conclusion: Zinc and selenium supplementation could represent a complementary intervention that may improve the health status and immune response of treated PLWHIV., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Osuna-Padilla, Rodríguez-Moguel, Aguilar-Vargas, Tolentino-Dolores, Perichart-Perera, Ahumada-Topete, Ávila-Ríos, Soto-Nava, Diaz-Rivera, De León-Lara, Wilson-Verdugo and Briceño.)

Unlabelled: The urinary ratio 2-hydroxyoestrone/16-hydroxyoestrone (URME), has been proposed in various populations on the world as a risk indicator for breast cancer (BC), however in the Mexican population has never been determined., Objective: To determine URME Mexican women and establish its relationship with risk factors for BC., Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 142 premenopausal and 42 posmenopausal women. The URME was determined with the kit ESTRAMETTM and was related to risk factors for BC. Correlations and linear regressions were performed., Results: The median URME was 0.90 (RIQ 0.64-1.18). The body mass index (BMI) and early menarche contribute 5.4% of their variability (F=5.17; p., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the differences in inflammation markers and cardiovascular risk factors in a group of school-aged children with and without excessive adiposity. To examine the relationship between adiposity, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors., Methods: Cross-sectional study of 285 school children (8-12 years old). Adiposity (body mass index, BMI, total body fat, TBF, and waist circumference), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin 1β [IL-1β], interleukin 6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-α]) and cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed. Mean differences were calculated and multiple regression models were made., Results: Obese children had higher concentrations of CRP and IL-1β; children with abdominal obesity also had higher CRP levels. A higher BMI was associated with higher blood pressure, and higher total cholesterol, triglycerides-TAG, and insulin concentrations, and with lower HDL-cholesterol. The CRP and IL-1β concentrations correlated significantly with the three adiposity indices. The IL-6 concentrations were associated with TAG, and IL-1β with HDL-cholesterol concentration, after adjustment by BMI., Discussion: In a group of school-aged Mexican children, obesity increases cardiovascular risk and inflammation. Both IL-6 and IL-1β appear to be factors involved in lipid alterations in these children. More research is needed in order to explore the role of subclinical inflammation in the development of cardiovascular alterations that have already been described in Mexican children with obesity.