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1. Worldwide forest surveys reveal forty-three new species in Phytophthora major Clade 2 with fundamental implications for the evolution and biogeography of the genus and global plant biosecurity

Author

Jung, T., primary, Milenković, I., additional, Balci, Y., additional, Janoušek, J., additional, Kudláček, T., additional, Nagy, Z.Á., additional, Baharuddin, B., additional, Bakonyi, J., additional, Broders, K.D., additional, Cacciola, S.O., additional, Chang, T.-T., additional, Chi, N.M., additional, Corcobado, T., additional, Cravador, A., additional, Đorđević, B., additional, Durán, A., additional, Ferreira, M., additional, Fu, C.-H., additional, Garcia, L., additional, Hieno, A., additional, Ho, H.-H., additional, Hong, C., additional, Junaid, M., additional, Kageyama, K., additional, Kuswinanti, T., additional, Maia, C., additional, Májek, T., additional, Masuya, H., additional, Magnano di San Lio, G., additional, Mendieta-Araica, B., additional, Nasri, N., additional, Oliveira, L.S.S., additional, Pane, A., additional, Pérez-Sierra, A., additional, Rosmana, A., additional, Sanfuentes von Stowasser, E., additional, Scanu, B., additional, Singh, R., additional, Stanivuković, Z., additional, Tarigan, M., additional, Thu, P.Q., additional, Tomić, Z., additional, Tomšovský, M., additional, Uematsu, S., additional, Webber, J.F., additional, Zheng, H.-C., additional, Zheng, F.-C., additional, Brasier, C.M., additional, and Horta Jung, M., additional

Published
2024
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2. Extensive morphological and behavioural diversity among fourteen new and seven described species in Phytophthora Clade 10 and its evolutionary implications

Author

Jung, T., Milenković, I., Corcobado, T., Májek, T., Janoušek, J., Kudláček, T., Tomšovský, M., Nagy, Z.Á., Durán, A., Tarigan, M., Sanfuentes von Stowasser, E., Singh, R., Ferreira, M., Webber, J. F., Scanu, B., Chi, N. M., Thu, P. Q., Junaid, M., Rosmana, A., Baharuddin, B., Kuswinanti, T., Nasri, N., Kageyama, K., Hieno, A., Masuya, H., Uematsu, S., Oliva, J., Redondo, M., Maia, Cristiana, Matsiakh, I., Kramarets, V., O'Hanlon, R., Tomić, Ž., Brasier, C. M., Horta Jung, M., and Naturalis journals & series

Subjects
Gondwana, Ecology, Evolution, Laurasia, phylogeny, allopatric, radiation, Biogeography, Behavior and Systematics, sympatric, oomycete, Allopatric, biogeography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

During extensive surveys of global Phytophthora diversity 14 new species detected in natural ecosystems in Chile, Indonesia, USA (Louisiana), Sweden, Ukraine and Vietnam were assigned to Phytophthora major Clade 10 based on a multigene phylogeny of nine nuclear and three mitochondrial gene regions. Clade 10 now comprises three subclades. Subclades 10a and 10b contain species with nonpapillate sporangia, a range of breeding systems and a mainly soil-and waterborne lifestyle. These include the previously described P. afrocarpa, P. gallica and P. intercalaris and eight of the new species: P. ludoviciana, P. procera, P. pseudogallica, P. scandinavica, P. subarctica, P. tenuimura, P. tonkinensis and P. ukrainensis. In contrast, all species in Subclade 10c have papillate sporangia and are self-fertile (or homothallic) with an aerial lifestyle including the known P. boehmeriae, P. gondwanensis, P. kernoviae and P. morindae and the new species P. celebensis, P. chilensis, P. javanensis, P. multiglobulosa, P. pseudochilensis and P. pseudokernoviae. All new Phytophthora species differed from each other and from related species by their unique combinations of morphological characters, breeding systems, cardinal temperatures and growth rates. The biogeography and evolutionary history of Clade 10 are discussed. We propose that the three subclades originated via the early divergence of pre-Gondwanan ancestors > 175 Mya into water-and soilborne and aerially dispersed lineages and subsequently underwent multiple allopatric and sympatric radiations during their global spread.

Published
2022

3. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, K.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P.D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A.M., Akulov, O.Y., Aleoshin, V.V., Al-Sadi, A.M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T.B., Anderson, J., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C.C.S., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D.M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A.H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D.F., Baral, H.O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F., Barbosa, R.N., Barreto, R.W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D.B., Bennett Reuel, M., Bera, I., Bezerra, J.D.P., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Bianchinotti, M.V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M.E.S., Caeiro, M.F., Cai, L., Cai, M.F., Calabon, M.S., Calaça, F.J.S., Callalli, M., Camara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J.R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M.D.V., Cavalcanti, L.H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M.L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C.Y., Chen, K.H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W.H., Chen, Y.P., Chethana, K.W.T., Coleine, C., Condé, T.O., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D.H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J.A., Crous, P.W., Cui, B.K., Cui, Y.Y., da Silva, D.K.A., da Silva, G.A., da Silva, I.R., da Silva, R.M.F., da Silva Santos, A.C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Daroodi, Z., Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E.A., Dayarathne, M.C., Decock, C., de Groot, M.D., De Kesel, A., dela Cruz, T.E.E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C.M., Denchev, T.T., de Oliveira, N.T., de Silva, N.I., de Souza, F.A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J.C., Dima, B., Diniz, A.G., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doğan, H.H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z.Y., Dos Santos, L.A., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Du, T.Y., Dubey, M.K., Dutta, A.K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T.F., Elshahed, M.S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H.C., Fan, X.L., Fan, Y.G., Fedosova, A.G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A.L., Fiuza, P.O., Flakus, A., Fragoso de Souza, C.A., Frisvad, J.C., Fryar, S.C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A.J., Galindo, L.J., Gannibal, P.B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S.R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A.K., Ge, Z.W., Gené, D.J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., T.b., Gibertoni, Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., Gomes de Farias, A.R., Gorjón, S.P., Goto, B.T., Granados-Montero, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H.P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L.F.P., Gutierrez, A.C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y.F., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Harder, C.B., Harrington, T.C., Hattori, T., He, M.Q., He, S., He, S.H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K.T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S.K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Hustad, V.P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jayalal, R.G.U., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G.H., Jesus, A.L., Jin, J., Johnston, P.R., Jones, E.B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G.P., Kang, J.C., Karimi, O., Karpov, S.A., Karunarathna, S.C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P.M., Kitaura, M.J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K.H., Latha, K.P.D., Lee, H.B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D.L., Lestari, A.S., Li, C.J.Y., Li, D.W., Li, H., Li, H.Y., Li, L., Li, Q.R., Li, W.L., Li, Y., Li, Y.C., Liao, C.F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y.W., Lin, C.G., Linaldeddu, B.T., Linde, C.C., Linn, M.M., Liu, F., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Liu, S., Liu, S.L., Liu, X.F., Liu, X.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liu, Z.B., Lu, L., Lu, Y.Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z.L., Ma, J., Machado, A.R., Madagammana, A.D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D.S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D.S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, Tom W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R.F.R., Mendes, A.R.L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q.F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N Jr., Mešić, A., Meza Calvo, J.G., Mikhailov, K.V., Miller, S.L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J.M., Monteiro, J.S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H.M., Moreau, P.A., Mueller, G.M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L.G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C.M., Nascimento, C.C., Nei, Y., Neves, M.A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A.G.T., Nilsson, R.H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M.T., Noordeloos, M.E., Norphanphoun, C., Nuñez Otaño, N.B., O’Donnell, R.P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, F.P., Pang, K.L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Perera, R.H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A.J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C.L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C.A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K.N.A., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Rämä, Teppo, Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A.R., Raza, M., Ren, G.C., Robledo, G.L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L.R., Salvador-Montoya, C.A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santiago, A.L.C.M.A., Santamaria, B., Santos, A.C.S., Sarma, V.V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R.K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, Laura, Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I.C., Seto, K., Shabashova, T.G., Shen, H.W., Shen, Y.M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Simmons, D.R., Singh, R., Sir, E.B., Song, C.G., Souza-Motta C.M. Sruthi, O.P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A.M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S.L., Strassert, J.F.H., Su, H.L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y.F., Sun, Y.R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T.H., Tanaka, Kazuaki, Tang, A.M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J.B., Tavakol, N.M., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D.S., Thamodini, G.K., Thines, Marco, Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P.V., Tian, Q., Tian, W.H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, Dhanushka, Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W.A., Uzunov, B.A., Valle, L.G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R.K., Vieira, L.C., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A.K., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, C.G., Wang, K., Wang, S.X., Wang, X.Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D.P., Wei, X.L., White, J.F., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wijesinghe, S.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F.R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H.X., Wu, N., Wu, W.P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y.P., Xiong, Y.R., Xu, L.J., Xu, R., Xu, R.F., Xu, R.J., Xu, T.M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J.Y., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, Z.L., Yang, Y.H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N.H., Yu, F.M., Yu, Q., Yu, X.D., Yu, Y.X., Yu, Z.F., Yuan, H.S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, Andrey, Zafari, D., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zeng, M., Zeng, N.K., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, S.N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Zhao, C.L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R.L., Zhou, L.W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M.P., Zin, H.H., Zucconi, L., Hyde, K.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P.D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A.M., Akulov, O.Y., Aleoshin, V.V., Al-Sadi, A.M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T.B., Anderson, J., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C.C.S., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D.M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A.H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D.F., Baral, H.O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F., Barbosa, R.N., Barreto, R.W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D.B., Bennett Reuel, M., Bera, I., Bezerra, J.D.P., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Bianchinotti, M.V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M.E.S., Caeiro, M.F., Cai, L., Cai, M.F., Calabon, M.S., Calaça, F.J.S., Callalli, M., Camara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J.R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M.D.V., Cavalcanti, L.H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M.L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C.Y., Chen, K.H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W.H., Chen, Y.P., Chethana, K.W.T., Coleine, C., Condé, T.O., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D.H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J.A., Crous, P.W., Cui, B.K., Cui, Y.Y., da Silva, D.K.A., da Silva, G.A., da Silva, I.R., da Silva, R.M.F., da Silva Santos, A.C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Daroodi, Z., Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E.A., Dayarathne, M.C., Decock, C., de Groot, M.D., De Kesel, A., dela Cruz, T.E.E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C.M., Denchev, T.T., de Oliveira, N.T., de Silva, N.I., de Souza, F.A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J.C., Dima, B., Diniz, A.G., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doğan, H.H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z.Y., Dos Santos, L.A., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Du, T.Y., Dubey, M.K., Dutta, A.K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T.F., Elshahed, M.S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H.C., Fan, X.L., Fan, Y.G., Fedosova, A.G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A.L., Fiuza, P.O., Flakus, A., Fragoso de Souza, C.A., Frisvad, J.C., Fryar, S.C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A.J., Galindo, L.J., Gannibal, P.B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S.R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A.K., Ge, Z.W., Gené, D.J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., T.b., Gibertoni, Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., Gomes de Farias, A.R., Gorjón, S.P., Goto, B.T., Granados-Montero, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H.P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L.F.P., Gutierrez, A.C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y.F., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Harder, C.B., Harrington, T.C., Hattori, T., He, M.Q., He, S., He, S.H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K.T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S.K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Hustad, V.P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jayalal, R.G.U., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G.H., Jesus, A.L., Jin, J., Johnston, P.R., Jones, E.B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G.P., Kang, J.C., Karimi, O., Karpov, S.A., Karunarathna, S.C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P.M., Kitaura, M.J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K.H., Latha, K.P.D., Lee, H.B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D.L., Lestari, A.S., Li, C.J.Y., Li, D.W., Li, H., Li, H.Y., Li, L., Li, Q.R., Li, W.L., Li, Y., Li, Y.C., Liao, C.F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y.W., Lin, C.G., Linaldeddu, B.T., Linde, C.C., Linn, M.M., Liu, F., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Liu, S., Liu, S.L., Liu, X.F., Liu, X.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liu, Z.B., Lu, L., Lu, Y.Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z.L., Ma, J., Machado, A.R., Madagammana, A.D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D.S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D.S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, Tom W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R.F.R., Mendes, A.R.L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q.F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N Jr., Mešić, A., Meza Calvo, J.G., Mikhailov, K.V., Miller, S.L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J.M., Monteiro, J.S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H.M., Moreau, P.A., Mueller, G.M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L.G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C.M., Nascimento, C.C., Nei, Y., Neves, M.A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A.G.T., Nilsson, R.H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M.T., Noordeloos, M.E., Norphanphoun, C., Nuñez Otaño, N.B., O’Donnell, R.P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, F.P., Pang, K.L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Perera, R.H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A.J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C.L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C.A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K.N.A., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Rämä, Teppo, Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A.R., Raza, M., Ren, G.C., Robledo, G.L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L.R., Salvador-Montoya, C.A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santiago, A.L.C.M.A., Santamaria, B., Santos, A.C.S., Sarma, V.V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R.K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, Laura, Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I.C., Seto, K., Shabashova, T.G., Shen, H.W., Shen, Y.M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Simmons, D.R., Singh, R., Sir, E.B., Song, C.G., Souza-Motta C.M. Sruthi, O.P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A.M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S.L., Strassert, J.F.H., Su, H.L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y.F., Sun, Y.R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T.H., Tanaka, Kazuaki, Tang, A.M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J.B., Tavakol, N.M., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D.S., Thamodini, G.K., Thines, Marco, Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P.V., Tian, Q., Tian, W.H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, Dhanushka, Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W.A., Uzunov, B.A., Valle, L.G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R.K., Vieira, L.C., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A.K., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, C.G., Wang, K., Wang, S.X., Wang, X.Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D.P., Wei, X.L., White, J.F., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wijesinghe, S.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F.R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H.X., Wu, N., Wu, W.P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y.P., Xiong, Y.R., Xu, L.J., Xu, R., Xu, R.F., Xu, R.J., Xu, T.M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J.Y., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, Z.L., Yang, Y.H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N.H., Yu, F.M., Yu, Q., Yu, X.D., Yu, Y.X., Yu, Z.F., Yuan, H.S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, Andrey, Zafari, D., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zeng, M., Zeng, N.K., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, S.N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Zhao, C.L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R.L., Zhou, L.W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M.P., Zin, H.H., and Zucconi, L.

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based

Published
2023

4. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, KD, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abeywickrama, PD, Absalan, S, Afshari, N, Ainsworth, AM, Akulov, OY, Aleoshin, VV, Al-Sadi, AM, Alvarado, P, Alves, A, Alves-Silva, G, Amalfi, M, Amira, Y, Amuhenage, TB, Anderson, J, Antonín, V, Aouali, S, Aptroot, A, Apurillo, CCS, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Armand, A, Arumugam, E, Asghari, R, Assis, DMA, Atienza, V, Avasthi, S, Azevedo, E, Bahkali, AH, Bakhshi, M, Banihashemi, Z, Bao, DF, Baral, HO, Barata, M, Barbosa, F, Barbosa, RN, Barreto, RW, Baschien, C, Belamesiatseva, DB, Bennett Reuel, M, Bera, I, Bezerra, JDP, Bezerra, JL, Bhat, DJ, Bhunjun, CS, Bianchinotti, MV, Błaszkowski, J, Blondelle, A, Boekhout, T, Bonito, G, Boonmee, S, Boonyuen, N, Bregant, C, Buchanan, P, Bundhun, D, Burgaud, G, Burgess, T, Buyck, B, Cabarroi-Hernández, M, Cáceres, MES, Caeiro, MF, Cai, L, Cai, MF, Calabon, MS, Calaça, FJS, Callalli, M, Cano-Lira, JF, Cantillo, T, Cao, B, Carlavilla, JR, Carvalho, A, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Castlebury, L, Castro-Jauregui, O, Catania, MDV, Cavalcanti, LH, Cazabonne, J, Cedeño-Sanchez, ML, Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S, Chaiwan, N, Chakraborty, N, Chaverri, P, Cheewangkoon, R, Chen, C, Chen, CY, Chen, KH, Chen, J, Chen, Q, Chen, WH, Chen, YP, Chethana, KWT, Coleine, C, Condé, TO, Corazon-Guivin, MA, Cortés-Pérez, A, Costa-Rezende, DH, Courtecuisse, R, Crouch, JA, Crous, PW, Cui, BK, Cui, YY, da Silva, DKA, da Silva, GA, da Silva, IR, da Silva, RMF, da Silva Santos, AC, Dai, DQ, Dai, YC, Damm, U, Darmostuk, V, Daroodi, Zoha, Das, K, Davoodian, N, Davydov, EA, Dayarathne, MC, Decock, C, de Groot, MD, De Kesel, A, dela Cruz, TEE, De Lange, R, Delgado, G, Denchev, CM, Denchev, TT, de Oliveira, NT, de Silva, NI, de Souza, FA, Dentinger, B, Devadatha, B, Dianese, JC, Dima, B, Diniz, AG, Dissanayake, AJ, Dissanayake, LS, Doğan, HH, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Dong, W, Dong, ZY, Dos Santos, LA, Drechsler-Santos, ER, Du, TY, Dubey, MK, Dutta, AK, Egidi, E, Elliott, TF, Elshahed, MS, Erdoğdu, M, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Evans, HC, Fan, XL, Fan, YG, Fedosova, AG, Fell, J, Fernandes, I, Firmino, AL, Fiuza, PO, Flakus, A, Fragoso de Souza, CA, Frisvad, JC, Fryar, SC, Gabaldón, T, Gajanayake, AJ, Galindo, LJ, Gannibal, PB, García, D, García-Sandoval, SR, Garrido-Benavent, I, Garzoli, L, Gautam, AK, Ge, ZW, Gené, DJ, Gentekaki, E, Ghobad-Nejhad, M, Giachini, AJ, Gibertoni, TB, Góes-Neto, A, Gomdola, D, Gomes de Farias, AR, Gorjón, SP, Goto, BT, Granados-Montero, MM, Griffith, GW, Groenewald, JZ, Groenewald, M, Grossart, HP, Gueidan, C, Gunarathne, A, Gunaseelan, S, Gusmão, LFP, Gutierrez, AC, Guzmán-Dávalos, L, Haelewaters, D, Halling, R, Han, YF, Hapuarachchi, KK, Harder, CB, Harrington, TC, Hattori, T, He, MQ, He, S, He, SH, Healy, R, Herández-Restrepo, M, Heredia, G, Hodge, KT, Holgado-Rojas, M, Hongsanan, S, Horak, E, Hosoya, T, Houbraken, J, Huang, SK, Huanraluek, N, Hur, JS, Hurdeal, VG, Hustad, VP, Iotti, M, Iturriaga, T, Jafar, E, Janik, P, Jayalal, RGU, Jayasiri, SC, Jayawardena, RS, Jeewon, R, Jerônimo, GH, Jesus, AL, Jin, J, Johnston, PR, Jones, EBG, Joshi, Y, Justo, A, Kaishian, P, Kakishima, M, Kaliyaperumal, M, Kang, GP, Kang, JC, Karimi, O, Karpov, SA, Karunarathna, SC, Kaufmann, M, Kemler, M, Kezo, K, Khyaju, S, Kirchmair, M, Kirk, PM, Kitaura, MJ, Klawonn, I, Kolarik, M, Kong, A, Kuhar, F, Kukwa, M, Kumar, S, Kušan, I, Lado, C, Larsson, KH, Latha, KPD, Lee, HB, Leonardi, M, Leontyev, DL, Lestari, AS, Li, CJY, Li, DW, Li, H, Li, HY, Li, L, Li, QR, Li, WL, Li, Y, Li, YC, Liao, CF, Liimatainen, K, Lim, YW, Lin, CG, Linaldeddu, BT, Linde, CC, Linn, MM, Liu, F, Liu, JK, Liu, NG, Liu, S, Liu, SL, Liu, XF, Liu, XY, Liu, XZ, Liu, ZB, Lu, L, Lu, YZ, Luangharn, T, Luangsaard, JJ, Lumbsch, HT, Lumyong, S, Luo, L, Luo, M, Luo, ZL, Ma, J, Machado, AR, Madagammana, AD, Madrid, H, Magurno, F, Magyar, D, Mahadevan, N, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Maimaiti, Y, Malosso, E, Manamgoda, DS, Manawasinghe, IS, Mapook, A, Marasinghe, DS, Mardones, M, Marin-Felix, Y, Márquez, R, Masigol, H, Matočec, N, May, T, McKenzie, EHC, Meiras-Ottoni, A, Melo, RFR, Mendes, ARL, Mendieta, S, Meng, QF, Menkis, A, Menolli Jr, N, Mešić, A, Meza Calvo, JG, Mikhailov, KV, Miller, SL, Moncada, B, Moncalvo, JM, Monteiro, JS, Monteiro, M, Mora-Montes, HM, Moreau, PA, Mueller, GM, Mukhopadyay, S, Murugadoss, R, Nagy, LG, Najafiniya, M, Nanayakkara, CM, Nascimento, CC, Nei, Y, Neves, MA, Neuhauser, S, Niego, AGT, Nilsson, RH, Niskanen, T, Niveiro, N, Noorabadi, MT, Noordeloos, (Machiel E.), Norphanphoun, C, Nuñez Otaño, NB, O’Donnell, RP, Oehl, F, Olariaga, I, Orlando, FP, Pang, KL, Papp, V, Pawłowska, J, Peintner, U, Pem, D, Pereira, OL, Perera, RH, Perez-Moreno, J, Perez-Ortega, S, Péter, G, Phillips, AJL, Phonemany, M, Phukhamsakda, C, Phutthacharoen, K, Piepenbring, M, Pires-Zottarelli, CLA, Poinar, G, Pošta, A, Prieto, M, Promputtha, I, Quandt, CA, Radek, R, Rahnama, K, Raj, KNA, Rajeshkumar, KC, Rämä, T, Rambold, G, Ramírez-Cruz, V, Rasconi, S, Rathnayaka, AR, Raza, M, Ren, GC, Robledo, GL, Rodriguez-Flakus, P, Ronikier, A, Rossi, W, Ryberg, M, Ryvarden, LR, Salvador‑Montoya, CA, Samant, B, Samarakoon, BC, Samarakoon, MC, Sánchez-Castro, I, Sánchez-García, M, Sandoval-Denis, M, Santiago, ALCMA, Santamaria, B, Santos, ACS, Sarma, VV, Savchenko, A, Savchenko, K, Saxena, RK, Scholler, M, Schoutteten, N, Seifollahi, E, Selbmann, L, Selcuk, F, Senanayake, IC, Shabashova, TG, Shen, HW, Shen, YM, SilvaFilho, AGS, Simmons, DR, Singh, R, Sir, EB, Song, Chang-Ge, Souza-Motta, CM, Sruthi, OP, Stadler, M, Stchigel, AM, Stemler, J, Stephenson, SL, Strassert, JFH, Su, HL, Su, L, Suetrong, S, Sulistyo, B, Sun, YF, Sun, YR, Svantesson, Sten, Sysouphanthong, P, Takamatsu, S, Tan, TH, Tanaka, K, Tang, AMC, Tang, X, Tanney, JB, Tavakol, NM, Taylor, JE, Taylor, PWJ, Tedersoo, L, Tennakoon, DS, Thamodini, GK, Thines, M, Thiyagaraja, V, Thongklang, N, Tiago, PV, Tian, Q, Tian, WH, Tibell, L, Tibell, S, Tibpromma, S, Tkalčec, Z, Tomšovský, M, Toome-Heller, M, Torruella, G, Tsurykau, A, Udayanga, D, Ulukapi, M, Untereiner, WA, Uzunov, BA, Valle, LG, Van Caenegem, W, Van den Wyngaert, S, Van Vooren, N, Velez, P, Verma, RK, Vieira, LC, Vieira, WAS, Vizzini, A, Walker, A, Walker, AK, Wanasinghe, DN, Wang, CG, Wang, K, Wang, SX, Wang, XY, Wang, Y, Wannasawang, N, Wartchow, F, Wei, DP, Wei, XL, White, JF, Wijayawardene, NN, Wijesinghe, SN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wisitrassameewong, K, Worthy, FR, Wu, F, Wu, G, Wu, HX, Wu, N, Wu, WP, Wurzbacher, C, Xiao, YP, Xiong, YR, Xu, LJ, Xu, R, Xu, RF, Xu, RJ, Xu, TM, Yakovchenko, L, Yan, JY, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, ZL, Yang, YH, Yapa, N, Yasanthika, E, Youssef, NH, Yu, FM, Yu, Q, Yu, YX, Yu, ZF, Yuan, HS, Yuan, Y, Yurkov, A, Zafari, D, Zamora, JC, Zare, R, Zeng, M, Zeng, NK, Zeng, XY, Zhang, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, JF, Zhang, JY, Zhang, QY, Zhang, SN, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YX, Zhao, CL, Zhao, H, Zhao, Q, Zhao, RL, Zhou, LW, Zhou, M, Zhurbenko, MP, Zin, HH, Zucconi, L, Hyde, KD, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abeywickrama, PD, Absalan, S, Afshari, N, Ainsworth, AM, Akulov, OY, Aleoshin, VV, Al-Sadi, AM, Alvarado, P, Alves, A, Alves-Silva, G, Amalfi, M, Amira, Y, Amuhenage, TB, Anderson, J, Antonín, V, Aouali, S, Aptroot, A, Apurillo, CCS, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Armand, A, Arumugam, E, Asghari, R, Assis, DMA, Atienza, V, Avasthi, S, Azevedo, E, Bahkali, AH, Bakhshi, M, Banihashemi, Z, Bao, DF, Baral, HO, Barata, M, Barbosa, F, Barbosa, RN, Barreto, RW, Baschien, C, Belamesiatseva, DB, Bennett Reuel, M, Bera, I, Bezerra, JDP, Bezerra, JL, Bhat, DJ, Bhunjun, CS, Bianchinotti, MV, Błaszkowski, J, Blondelle, A, Boekhout, T, Bonito, G, Boonmee, S, Boonyuen, N, Bregant, C, Buchanan, P, Bundhun, D, Burgaud, G, Burgess, T, Buyck, B, Cabarroi-Hernández, M, Cáceres, MES, Caeiro, MF, Cai, L, Cai, MF, Calabon, MS, Calaça, FJS, Callalli, M, Cano-Lira, JF, Cantillo, T, Cao, B, Carlavilla, JR, Carvalho, A, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Castlebury, L, Castro-Jauregui, O, Catania, MDV, Cavalcanti, LH, Cazabonne, J, Cedeño-Sanchez, ML, Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S, Chaiwan, N, Chakraborty, N, Chaverri, P, Cheewangkoon, R, Chen, C, Chen, CY, Chen, KH, Chen, J, Chen, Q, Chen, WH, Chen, YP, Chethana, KWT, Coleine, C, Condé, TO, Corazon-Guivin, MA, Cortés-Pérez, A, Costa-Rezende, DH, Courtecuisse, R, Crouch, JA, Crous, PW, Cui, BK, Cui, YY, da Silva, DKA, da Silva, GA, da Silva, IR, da Silva, RMF, da Silva Santos, AC, Dai, DQ, Dai, YC, Damm, U, Darmostuk, V, Daroodi, Zoha, Das, K, Davoodian, N, Davydov, EA, Dayarathne, MC, Decock, C, de Groot, MD, De Kesel, A, dela Cruz, TEE, De Lange, R, Delgado, G, Denchev, CM, Denchev, TT, de Oliveira, NT, de Silva, NI, de Souza, FA, Dentinger, B, Devadatha, B, Dianese, JC, Dima, B, Diniz, AG, Dissanayake, AJ, Dissanayake, LS, Doğan, HH, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Dong, W, Dong, ZY, Dos Santos, LA, Drechsler-Santos, ER, Du, TY, Dubey, MK, Dutta, AK, Egidi, E, Elliott, TF, Elshahed, MS, Erdoğdu, M, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Evans, HC, Fan, XL, Fan, YG, Fedosova, AG, Fell, J, Fernandes, I, Firmino, AL, Fiuza, PO, Flakus, A, Fragoso de Souza, CA, Frisvad, JC, Fryar, SC, Gabaldón, T, Gajanayake, AJ, Galindo, LJ, Gannibal, PB, García, D, García-Sandoval, SR, Garrido-Benavent, I, Garzoli, L, Gautam, AK, Ge, ZW, Gené, DJ, Gentekaki, E, Ghobad-Nejhad, M, Giachini, AJ, Gibertoni, TB, Góes-Neto, A, Gomdola, D, Gomes de Farias, AR, Gorjón, SP, Goto, BT, Granados-Montero, MM, Griffith, GW, Groenewald, JZ, Groenewald, M, Grossart, HP, Gueidan, C, Gunarathne, A, Gunaseelan, S, Gusmão, LFP, Gutierrez, AC, Guzmán-Dávalos, L, Haelewaters, D, Halling, R, Han, YF, Hapuarachchi, KK, Harder, CB, Harrington, TC, Hattori, T, He, MQ, He, S, He, SH, Healy, R, Herández-Restrepo, M, Heredia, G, Hodge, KT, Holgado-Rojas, M, Hongsanan, S, Horak, E, Hosoya, T, Houbraken, J, Huang, SK, Huanraluek, N, Hur, JS, Hurdeal, VG, Hustad, VP, Iotti, M, Iturriaga, T, Jafar, E, Janik, P, Jayalal, RGU, Jayasiri, SC, Jayawardena, RS, Jeewon, R, Jerônimo, GH, Jesus, AL, Jin, J, Johnston, PR, Jones, EBG, Joshi, Y, Justo, A, Kaishian, P, Kakishima, M, Kaliyaperumal, M, Kang, GP, Kang, JC, Karimi, O, Karpov, SA, Karunarathna, SC, Kaufmann, M, Kemler, M, Kezo, K, Khyaju, S, Kirchmair, M, Kirk, PM, Kitaura, MJ, Klawonn, I, Kolarik, M, Kong, A, Kuhar, F, Kukwa, M, Kumar, S, Kušan, I, Lado, C, Larsson, KH, Latha, KPD, Lee, HB, Leonardi, M, Leontyev, DL, Lestari, AS, Li, CJY, Li, DW, Li, H, Li, HY, Li, L, Li, QR, Li, WL, Li, Y, Li, YC, Liao, CF, Liimatainen, K, Lim, YW, Lin, CG, Linaldeddu, BT, Linde, CC, Linn, MM, Liu, F, Liu, JK, Liu, NG, Liu, S, Liu, SL, Liu, XF, Liu, XY, Liu, XZ, Liu, ZB, Lu, L, Lu, YZ, Luangharn, T, Luangsaard, JJ, Lumbsch, HT, Lumyong, S, Luo, L, Luo, M, Luo, ZL, Ma, J, Machado, AR, Madagammana, AD, Madrid, H, Magurno, F, Magyar, D, Mahadevan, N, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Maimaiti, Y, Malosso, E, Manamgoda, DS, Manawasinghe, IS, Mapook, A, Marasinghe, DS, Mardones, M, Marin-Felix, Y, Márquez, R, Masigol, H, Matočec, N, May, T, McKenzie, EHC, Meiras-Ottoni, A, Melo, RFR, Mendes, ARL, Mendieta, S, Meng, QF, Menkis, A, Menolli Jr, N, Mešić, A, Meza Calvo, JG, Mikhailov, KV, Miller, SL, Moncada, B, Moncalvo, JM, Monteiro, JS, Monteiro, M, Mora-Montes, HM, Moreau, PA, Mueller, GM, Mukhopadyay, S, Murugadoss, R, Nagy, LG, Najafiniya, M, Nanayakkara, CM, Nascimento, CC, Nei, Y, Neves, MA, Neuhauser, S, Niego, AGT, Nilsson, RH, Niskanen, T, Niveiro, N, Noorabadi, MT, Noordeloos, (Machiel E.), Norphanphoun, C, Nuñez Otaño, NB, O’Donnell, RP, Oehl, F, Olariaga, I, Orlando, FP, Pang, KL, Papp, V, Pawłowska, J, Peintner, U, Pem, D, Pereira, OL, Perera, RH, Perez-Moreno, J, Perez-Ortega, S, Péter, G, Phillips, AJL, Phonemany, M, Phukhamsakda, C, Phutthacharoen, K, Piepenbring, M, Pires-Zottarelli, CLA, Poinar, G, Pošta, A, Prieto, M, Promputtha, I, Quandt, CA, Radek, R, Rahnama, K, Raj, KNA, Rajeshkumar, KC, Rämä, T, Rambold, G, Ramírez-Cruz, V, Rasconi, S, Rathnayaka, AR, Raza, M, Ren, GC, Robledo, GL, Rodriguez-Flakus, P, Ronikier, A, Rossi, W, Ryberg, M, Ryvarden, LR, Salvador‑Montoya, CA, Samant, B, Samarakoon, BC, Samarakoon, MC, Sánchez-Castro, I, Sánchez-García, M, Sandoval-Denis, M, Santiago, ALCMA, Santamaria, B, Santos, ACS, Sarma, VV, Savchenko, A, Savchenko, K, Saxena, RK, Scholler, M, Schoutteten, N, Seifollahi, E, Selbmann, L, Selcuk, F, Senanayake, IC, Shabashova, TG, Shen, HW, Shen, YM, SilvaFilho, AGS, Simmons, DR, Singh, R, Sir, EB, Song, Chang-Ge, Souza-Motta, CM, Sruthi, OP, Stadler, M, Stchigel, AM, Stemler, J, Stephenson, SL, Strassert, JFH, Su, HL, Su, L, Suetrong, S, Sulistyo, B, Sun, YF, Sun, YR, Svantesson, Sten, Sysouphanthong, P, Takamatsu, S, Tan, TH, Tanaka, K, Tang, AMC, Tang, X, Tanney, JB, Tavakol, NM, Taylor, JE, Taylor, PWJ, Tedersoo, L, Tennakoon, DS, Thamodini, GK, Thines, M, Thiyagaraja, V, Thongklang, N, Tiago, PV, Tian, Q, Tian, WH, Tibell, L, Tibell, S, Tibpromma, S, Tkalčec, Z, Tomšovský, M, Toome-Heller, M, Torruella, G, Tsurykau, A, Udayanga, D, Ulukapi, M, Untereiner, WA, Uzunov, BA, Valle, LG, Van Caenegem, W, Van den Wyngaert, S, Van Vooren, N, Velez, P, Verma, RK, Vieira, LC, Vieira, WAS, Vizzini, A, Walker, A, Walker, AK, Wanasinghe, DN, Wang, CG, Wang, K, Wang, SX, Wang, XY, Wang, Y, Wannasawang, N, Wartchow, F, Wei, DP, Wei, XL, White, JF, Wijayawardene, NN, Wijesinghe, SN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wisitrassameewong, K, Worthy, FR, Wu, F, Wu, G, Wu, HX, Wu, N, Wu, WP, Wurzbacher, C, Xiao, YP, Xiong, YR, Xu, LJ, Xu, R, Xu, RF, Xu, RJ, Xu, TM, Yakovchenko, L, Yan, JY, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, ZL, Yang, YH, Yapa, N, Yasanthika, E, Youssef, NH, Yu, FM, Yu, Q, Yu, YX, Yu, ZF, Yuan, HS, Yuan, Y, Yurkov, A, Zafari, D, Zamora, JC, Zare, R, Zeng, M, Zeng, NK, Zeng, XY, Zhang, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, JF, Zhang, JY, Zhang, QY, Zhang, SN, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YX, Zhao, CL, Zhao, H, Zhao, Q, Zhao, RL, Zhou, LW, Zhou, M, Zhurbenko, MP, Zin, HH, and Zucconi, L

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and funguslike taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based o

Published
2023
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5. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, K. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P. D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A. M., Akulov, O. Y., Aleoshin, V. V., Al-Sadi, A. M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T. B., Anderson, J. L., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C. C. S., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D. M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A. H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D. F., Baral, H. O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F. R., Barbosa, R. N., Barreto, R. W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D. B., Reuel, M. Bennett, Bera, I., Bezerra, J. D. P., Bezerra, J. L., Bhat, D. J., Bhunjun, C. S., Bianchinotti, M. V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M. E. S., Caeiro, M. F., Cai, L., Cai, M. F., Calabon, M. S., Calaça, F. J. S., Callalli, M., Camara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J. R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M. D., Cavalcanti, L. H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M. L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W. H., Chen, Y. P., Chethana, K. W. T., Coleine, C., Condé, T. O., Corazon-Guivin, M. A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D. H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J. A., Crous, P. W., Cui, B. K., Cui, Y. Y., da Silva, D. K. A., da Silva, G. A., da Silva, I. R., da Silva, R. M. F., da Silva Santos, A. C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Zoha, Daroodi, Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E. A., Dayarathne, M. C., Decock, C., de Groot, M. D., De Kesel, A., de la Cruz, T. E. E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C. M., Denchev, T. T., de Oliveira, N. T., de Silva, N. I., de Souza, F. A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J. C., Dima, B., Diniz, A. G., Dissanayake, A. J., Dissanayake, L. S., Doğan, H. H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z. Y., Dos Santos, L. A., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Du, T. Y., Dubey, M. K., Dutta, A. K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T. F., Elshahed, M. S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H. C., Fan, X. L., Fan, Y. G., Fedosova, A. G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A. L., Fiuza, P. O., Flakus, A., de Souza, C. A.Fragoso, Frisvad, J. C., Fryar, S. C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A. J., Galindo, L. J., Gannibal, P. B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S. R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A. K., Ge, Z. W., Gené, D. J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A. J., Gibertoni, T. B., Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., de Farias, A. R. Gomes, Gorjón, S. P., Goto, B. T., Granados-Montero, M. M., Griffith, G. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H. P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L. F.P., Gutierrez, A. C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y. F., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Harder, C. B., Harrington, T. C., Hattori, T., He, M. Q., He, S., He, S. H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K. T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S. K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J. S., Hurdeal, V. G., Hustad, V. P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jany, J. L., Jayalal, R. G.U., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jin, J., Johnston, P. R., Jones, E. B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G. P., Kang, J. C., Karakehian, J. M., Karimi, O., Karpov, S. A., Karunarathna, S. C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P. M., Kitaura, M. J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K. H., Latha, K. P.D., Lee, H. B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D. L., Lestari, A. S., Li, C. J.Y., Li, D. W., Li, H. Y., Li, L., Li, Q. R., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Li, Y. C., Liao, C. F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y. W., Lin, C. G., Linaldeddu, B. T., Linde, C. C., Linn, M. M., Liu, F., Liu, J. K., Liu, N. G., Liu, S., Liu, X. F., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. B., Lu, L., Lu, Y. Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H. T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z. L., Ma, J., Machado, A. R., Madagammana, A. D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D. S., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D. S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, T. W., McKenzie, E. H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R. F.R., Mendes-Alvarenga, R. L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q. F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N., Mešić, A., Calvo, J. G.Meza, Mikhailov, K. V., Miller, S. L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J. M., Monteiro, J. S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H. M., Moreau, P. A., Mueller, G. M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L. G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C. M., Nascimento, C. C., Nei, Y., Neves, M. A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A. G.T., Nilsson, R. H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M. T., Noordeloos, M. E., Norphanphoun, C., Otaño, N. B.Nuñez, O’Donnell, R. P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, O. P., Pang, K. L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, O. L., Perera, R. H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A. J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C. A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K. N.A., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Rämä, T., Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Raza, M., Ren, G. C., Robledo, G. L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L. R., Salvador-Montoya, C. A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B. C., Samarakoon, M. C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santamaria, B., Santiago, A. L.C.M.A., Sarma, V. V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R. K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, L., Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I. C., Shabashova, T. G., Shen, H. W., Shen, Y. M., Silva-Filho, A. G.S., Simmons, D. R., Singh, R., Sir, E. B., Song, C. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sruthi, O. P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A. M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S. L., Strassert, J. F.H., Su, H. L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y. R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T. H., Tanaka, K., Tang, A. M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J. B., Tavakol, N. M., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D. S., Thamodini, G. K., Thines, M., Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P. V., Tian, Q., Tian, W. H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, D., Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W. A., Uzunov, B. A., Valle, L. G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R. K., Vieira, L. C., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A. K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, C. G., Wang, K., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D. P., Wei, X. L., White, J. F., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wijesinghe, S. N., Wijesundara, D. S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F. R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H. X., Wu, N., Wu, W. P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y. P., Xiong, Y. R., Xu, B., Xu, L. J., Xu, R., Xu, T. M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J. Y., Yang, H. D., Yang, J., Yang, Z. L., Yang, Y. H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N. H., Yu, F. M., Yu, Q., Yu, X. D., Yu, Y. X., Yu, Z. F., Yuan, H. S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, A., Zafari, D., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zeng, M., Zeng, N. K., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, Q. Y., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C. L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. L., Zhou, L. W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M. P., Zin, H. H., Zucconi, L., Hyde, K. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P. D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A. M., Akulov, O. Y., Aleoshin, V. V., Al-Sadi, A. M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T. B., Anderson, J. L., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C. C. S., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D. M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A. H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D. F., Baral, H. O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F. R., Barbosa, R. N., Barreto, R. W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D. B., Reuel, M. Bennett, Bera, I., Bezerra, J. D. P., Bezerra, J. L., Bhat, D. J., Bhunjun, C. S., Bianchinotti, M. V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M. E. S., Caeiro, M. F., Cai, L., Cai, M. F., Calabon, M. S., Calaça, F. J. S., Callalli, M., Camara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J. R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M. D., Cavalcanti, L. H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M. L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W. H., Chen, Y. P., Chethana, K. W. T., Coleine, C., Condé, T. O., Corazon-Guivin, M. A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D. H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J. A., Crous, P. W., Cui, B. K., Cui, Y. Y., da Silva, D. K. A., da Silva, G. A., da Silva, I. R., da Silva, R. M. F., da Silva Santos, A. C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Zoha, Daroodi, Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E. A., Dayarathne, M. C., Decock, C., de Groot, M. D., De Kesel, A., de la Cruz, T. E. E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C. M., Denchev, T. T., de Oliveira, N. T., de Silva, N. I., de Souza, F. A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J. C., Dima, B., Diniz, A. G., Dissanayake, A. J., Dissanayake, L. S., Doğan, H. H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z. Y., Dos Santos, L. A., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Du, T. Y., Dubey, M. K., Dutta, A. K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T. F., Elshahed, M. S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H. C., Fan, X. L., Fan, Y. G., Fedosova, A. G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A. L., Fiuza, P. O., Flakus, A., de Souza, C. A.Fragoso, Frisvad, J. C., Fryar, S. C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A. J., Galindo, L. J., Gannibal, P. B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S. R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A. K., Ge, Z. W., Gené, D. J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A. J., Gibertoni, T. B., Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., de Farias, A. R. Gomes, Gorjón, S. P., Goto, B. T., Granados-Montero, M. M., Griffith, G. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H. P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L. F.P., Gutierrez, A. C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y. F., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Harder, C. B., Harrington, T. C., Hattori, T., He, M. Q., He, S., He, S. H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K. T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S. K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J. S., Hurdeal, V. G., Hustad, V. P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jany, J. L., Jayalal, R. G.U., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jin, J., Johnston, P. R., Jones, E. B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G. P., Kang, J. C., Karakehian, J. M., Karimi, O., Karpov, S. A., Karunarathna, S. C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P. M., Kitaura, M. J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K. H., Latha, K. P.D., Lee, H. B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D. L., Lestari, A. S., Li, C. J.Y., Li, D. W., Li, H. Y., Li, L., Li, Q. R., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Li, Y. C., Liao, C. F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y. W., Lin, C. G., Linaldeddu, B. T., Linde, C. C., Linn, M. M., Liu, F., Liu, J. K., Liu, N. G., Liu, S., Liu, X. F., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. B., Lu, L., Lu, Y. Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H. T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z. L., Ma, J., Machado, A. R., Madagammana, A. D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D. S., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D. S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, T. W., McKenzie, E. H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R. F.R., Mendes-Alvarenga, R. L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q. F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N., Mešić, A., Calvo, J. G.Meza, Mikhailov, K. V., Miller, S. L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J. M., Monteiro, J. S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H. M., Moreau, P. A., Mueller, G. M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L. G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C. M., Nascimento, C. C., Nei, Y., Neves, M. A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A. G.T., Nilsson, R. H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M. T., Noordeloos, M. E., Norphanphoun, C., Otaño, N. B.Nuñez, O’Donnell, R. P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, O. P., Pang, K. L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, O. L., Perera, R. H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A. J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C. A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K. N.A., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Rämä, T., Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Raza, M., Ren, G. C., Robledo, G. L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L. R., Salvador-Montoya, C. A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B. C., Samarakoon, M. C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santamaria, B., Santiago, A. L.C.M.A., Sarma, V. V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R. K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, L., Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I. C., Shabashova, T. G., Shen, H. W., Shen, Y. M., Silva-Filho, A. G.S., Simmons, D. R., Singh, R., Sir, E. B., Song, C. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sruthi, O. P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A. M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S. L., Strassert, J. F.H., Su, H. L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y. R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T. H., Tanaka, K., Tang, A. M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J. B., Tavakol, N. M., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D. S., Thamodini, G. K., Thines, M., Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P. V., Tian, Q., Tian, W. H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, D., Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W. A., Uzunov, B. A., Valle, L. G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R. K., Vieira, L. C., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A. K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, C. G., Wang, K., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D. P., Wei, X. L., White, J. F., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wijesinghe, S. N., Wijesundara, D. S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F. R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H. X., Wu, N., Wu, W. P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y. P., Xiong, Y. R., Xu, B., Xu, L. J., Xu, R., Xu, T. M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J. Y., Yang, H. D., Yang, J., Yang, Z. L., Yang, Y. H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N. H., Yu, F. M., Yu, Q., Yu, X. D., Yu, Y. X., Yu, Z. F., Yuan, H. S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, A., Zafari, D., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zeng, M., Zeng, N. K., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, Q. Y., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C. L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. L., Zhou, L. W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M. P., Zin, H. H., and Zucconi, L.

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee

Published
2023

6. Extensive morphological and behavioural diversity among fourteen new and seven described species inPhytophthora Clade 10 and its evolutionary implications

Author

Jung, T., primary, Milenković, I., additional, Corcobado, T., additional, Májek, T., additional, Janoušek, J., additional, Kudláček, T., additional, Tomšovský, M., additional, Nagy, Z.Á., additional, Durán, A., additional, Tarigan, M., additional, Sanfuentes von Stowasser, E., additional, Singh, R., additional, Ferreira, M., additional, Webber, J.F., additional, Scanu, B., additional, Chi, N.M., additional, Thu, P.Q., additional, Junaid, M., additional, Rosmana, A., additional, Baharuddin, B., additional, Kuswinanti, T., additional, Nasri, N., additional, Kageyama, K., additional, Hieno, A., additional, Masuya, H., additional, Uematsu, S., additional, Oliva, J., additional, Redondo, M., additional, Maia, C., additional, Matsiakh, I., additional, Kramarets, V., additional, O'Hanlon, R., additional, Tomić, Ž., additional, Brasier, C.M., additional, and Horta Jung, M., additional

Published
2022
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9. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4

Author

Chen, Q., Bakhshi, M., Balci, Y., Broders, K.d., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, S.f., Fan, X.l., Gramaje, D., Halleen, F., Horta jung, M., Jiang, N., Jung, T., Májek, T., Marincowitz, S., Milenković, I., Mostert, L., Nakashima, C., Nurul faziha, I., Pan, M., Raza, M., Scanu, B., Spies, C.f.j., Suhaizan, L., Suzuki, H., Tian, C.m., Tomšovský, M., Úrbez-Torres, J.r., Wang, W., Wingfield, B.d., Wingfield, M.j., Yang, Q., Yang, X., Zare, R., Zhao, P., Groenewald, J.z., Cai, L., Crous, P.w., Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Microbiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Evolutionary Phytopathology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Microbiology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, European Commission, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Iranian National Science Foundation, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (Iran), and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Subjects
New taxa, Typifications, TYPIFICATIONS, Fungal systematics, NEW TAXA, Laboratory of Phytopathology, DNA barcodes, Life Science, FUNGAL SYSTEMATICS, DNA BARCODES, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie
Abstract

This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided. The fourth paper in the GOPHY series covers 19 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives, including Ascochyta, Cadophora, Celoporthe, Cercospora, Coleophoma, Cytospora, Dendrostoma, Didymella, Endothia, Heterophaeomoniella, Leptosphaerulina, Melampsora, Nigrospora, Pezicula, Phaeomoniella, Pseudocercospora, Pteridopassalora, Zymoseptoria, and one genus of oomycetes, Phytophthora. This study includes two new genera, 30 new species, five new combinations, and 43 typifications of older names., The study of Ascochyta, Didymella and Leptosphaerulina were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31750001) and the National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China (MOST: 2021FY100900). The study of the genus Phytophthora was supported by the Project Phytophthora Research Centre Reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/000 0453 cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund. ShuaiFei Chen acknowledges the National Key R&D Program of China (ChinaSouth Africa Forestry Joint Research Centre Project; 2018YFE0120900) for financial support. Mounes Bakhshi and Rasoul Zare gratefully acknowledge the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF), and Research Deputy of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), for financial support. The study of the genera Pseudocercospora and Pteridopassalora were partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP20K06146 to Chiharu Nakashima.

Published
2022

10. Eight new Halophytophthora species from marine and brackish-water ecosystems in Portugal and an updated phylogeny for the genus

Author

Maia, C., Horta Jung, M., Carella, G., Milenković, I., Janoušek, J., Tomšovský, M., Mosca, S., Schena, L., Cravador, A., Moricca, S., Jung, T., Maia, C., Horta Jung, M., Carella, G., Milenković, I., Janoušek, J., Tomšovský, M., Mosca, S., Schena, L., Cravador, A., Moricca, S., and Jung, T.

Abstract

During an oomycete survey in December 2015, 10 previously unknown Halophytophthora taxa were isolated from marine and brackish water of tidal ponds and channels in saltmarshes, lagoon ecosystems and river estuaries at seven sites along the Algarve coast in the South of Portugal. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU and ITS datasets, comprising all described Halophytophthora species, the 10 new Halophytophthora taxa and all relevant and distinctive sequences available from GenBank, provided an updated phylogeny of the genus Halophytophthora s.str. showing for the first time a structure of 10 clades designated as Clades 1–10. Nine of the 10 new Halophytophthora taxa resided in Clade 6 together with H. polymorphica and H. vesicula. Based on differences in morphology and temperature-growth relations and a multigene (LSU, ITS, Btub, hsp90, rpl10, tigA, cox1, nadh1, rps10) phylogeny, eight new Halophytophthora taxa from Portugal are described here as H. brevisporangia, H. celeris, H. frigida, H. lateralis, H. lusitanica, H. macrosporangia, H. sinuata and H. thermoambigua. Three species, H. frigida, H. macrosporangia and H. sinuata, have a homothallic breeding system while the remaining five species are sterile. Pathogenicity and litter decomposition tests are underway to clarify their pathological and ecological role in the marine and brackish-water ecosystems. More oomycete surveys in yet undersurveyed regions of the world and population genetic or phylogenomic analyses of global populations are needed to clarify the origin of the new Halophytophthora species.

Published
2022
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11. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4

Author

Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Microbiology, Chen, Q., Bakhshi, M., Balci, Y., Broders, K.d., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, S.f., Fan, X.l., Gramaje, D., Halleen, F., Horta jung, M., Jiang, N., Jung, T., Májek, T., Marincowitz, S., Milenković, I., Mostert, L., Nakashima, C., Nurul faziha, I., Pan, M., Raza, M., Scanu, B., Spies, C.f.j., Suhaizan, L., Suzuki, H., Tian, C.m., Tomšovský, M., Úrbez-Torres, J.r., Wang, W., Wingfield, B.d., Wingfield, M.j., Yang, Q., Yang, X., Zare, R., Zhao, P., Groenewald, J.z., Cai, L., Crous, P.w., Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Microbiology, Chen, Q., Bakhshi, M., Balci, Y., Broders, K.d., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, S.f., Fan, X.l., Gramaje, D., Halleen, F., Horta jung, M., Jiang, N., Jung, T., Májek, T., Marincowitz, S., Milenković, I., Mostert, L., Nakashima, C., Nurul faziha, I., Pan, M., Raza, M., Scanu, B., Spies, C.f.j., Suhaizan, L., Suzuki, H., Tian, C.m., Tomšovský, M., Úrbez-Torres, J.r., Wang, W., Wingfield, B.d., Wingfield, M.j., Yang, Q., Yang, X., Zare, R., Zhao, P., Groenewald, J.z., Cai, L., and Crous, P.w.

Published
2022

12. Extensive morphological and behavioural diversity among fourteen new and seven described species in Phytophthora Clade 10 and its evolutionary implications

Author

Jung T., Milenković I., Corcobado T., Májek T., Janoušek J., Kudláček T., Tomšovský M., Nagy Z.Á., Durán A., Tarigan M., Sanfuentes von Stowasser E., Singh R., Ferreira M., Webber J.F., Scanu B., Chi N.M., Thu P.Q., Junaid M., Rosmana A., Baharuddin B., Kuswinanti T., Nasri N., Kageyama K., Hieno A., Masuya H., Uematsu S., Oliva J., Redondo M., Maia C., Matsiakh I., Kramarets V., O'Hanlon R., Tomić Ž., Brasier C.M., Horta Jung M., Jung T., Milenković I., Corcobado T., Májek T., Janoušek J., Kudláček T., Tomšovský M., Nagy Z.Á., Durán A., Tarigan M., Sanfuentes von Stowasser E., Singh R., Ferreira M., Webber J.F., Scanu B., Chi N.M., Thu P.Q., Junaid M., Rosmana A., Baharuddin B., Kuswinanti T., Nasri N., Kageyama K., Hieno A., Masuya H., Uematsu S., Oliva J., Redondo M., Maia C., Matsiakh I., Kramarets V., O'Hanlon R., Tomić Ž., Brasier C.M., and Horta Jung M.

Published
2022

13. Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi: GOPHY 4

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, European Commission, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Iranian National Science Foundation, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (Iran), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chen, Q., Bakhshi, Mounes, Balci, Y., Broders, K. D., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, S. F., Fan, X. L., Gramaje, David, Halleen, F., Horta Jung, M., Jiang, N., Jung, T., Májek, T., Marincowitz, S., Milenković, I., Mostert, Lizel, Nakashima, Chiharu, Nurul Faziha, I., Pam, M., Raza, M., Scanu, B., Spies, Chris F. J., Suhaizan, L., Suzuki, H., Tian, C. M., Tomšovský, M., Úrbez-Torres, José Ramón, Wang, W., Wingfield, B. D., Wingfield, M. J., Yang, Q., Yang, X., Zare, Rasoul, Zhao, P., Groenewald, J. Z., Cai, L., Crous, P. W., National Natural Science Foundation of China, European Commission, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Iranian National Science Foundation, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (Iran), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chen, Q., Bakhshi, Mounes, Balci, Y., Broders, K. D., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, S. F., Fan, X. L., Gramaje, David, Halleen, F., Horta Jung, M., Jiang, N., Jung, T., Májek, T., Marincowitz, S., Milenković, I., Mostert, Lizel, Nakashima, Chiharu, Nurul Faziha, I., Pam, M., Raza, M., Scanu, B., Spies, Chris F. J., Suhaizan, L., Suzuki, H., Tian, C. M., Tomšovský, M., Úrbez-Torres, José Ramón, Wang, W., Wingfield, B. D., Wingfield, M. J., Yang, Q., Yang, X., Zare, Rasoul, Zhao, P., Groenewald, J. Z., Cai, L., and Crous, P. W.

Abstract

This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided. The fourth paper in the GOPHY series covers 19 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives, including Ascochyta, Cadophora, Celoporthe, Cercospora, Coleophoma, Cytospora, Dendrostoma, Didymella, Endothia, Heterophaeomoniella, Leptosphaerulina, Melampsora, Nigrospora, Pezicula, Phaeomoniella, Pseudocercospora, Pteridopassalora, Zymoseptoria, and one genus of oomycetes, Phytophthora. This study includes two new genera, 30 new species, five new combinations, and 43 typifications of older names.

Published
2022

20. A re-evaluation of Neotropical Junghuhnia s.lat. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) based on morphological and multigene analyses

Author

Westphalen, M.C., Rajchenberg, M., Tomšovský, M., Gugliotta, A.M., Westphalen, M.C., Rajchenberg, M., Tomšovský, M., and Gugliotta, A.M.

Abstract

Junghuhnia is a genus of polypores traditionally characterised by a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and presence of encrusted skeletocystidia. However, recent molecular studies revealed that Junghuhnia is polyphyletic and most of the species cluster with Steccherinum, a morphologically similar genus separated only by a hydnoid hymenophore. In the Neotropics, very little is known about the evolutionary relationships of Junghuhnia s.lat. taxa and very few species have been included in molecular studies. In order to test the proper phylogenetic placement of Neotropical species of this group, morphological and molecular analyses were carried out. Specimens were collected in Brazil and used for DNA sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene. Herbarium collections, including t

Published
2018
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23. Taxonomy and phylogeny of European Gymnopus subsection Levipedes (Basidiomycota, Omphalotaceae)

Author

Antonín, V., Sedlák, P., Tomšovský, M., and Naturalis journals & series

Subjects
neotype, nomenclature, ITS, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, Research Article
Abstract

The systematic integrity of European Gymnopus subsect. Levipedes is verified based on anatomic-morphological characters with support from DNA sequences of ITS and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. Seven species (G. alpinus, G. aquosus, G. dryophilus - including var. lanipes, G. erythropus, G. fagiphilus, G. hybridus, and G. ocior) belonging to this subsection are included. We clarify the concepts of G. dryophilus and G. ocior, which were occasionally confused in older literature. Due to unavailability of previously selected neotype of G. dryophilus the substitute neotype specimen is selected. Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes is confirmed as a variety; no important differences from nominotypical variability were detected. All discriminative characters used for identification of these species are discussed in detail. An identification key is also provided.

Published
2013

24. European species of Clavaria (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) with dark basidiomata - a morphological and molecular study

Author

Kautmanová, I., Tomšovský, M., Dueñas, Margarita, Martín, María P., and Naturalis journals & series

Subjects
Europe, fungi, phylogeny, Basidiospores, LSU nrDNA
Abstract

Clavaria species with dark basidiomata occurring in Europe were analysed using morphological and molecular methods. Morphological analyses revealed four groups containing seven Clavaria species with dark basidiomata. Phylogenetic analysis of the LSU nrDNA region confirmed the separate positions of all seven Clavaria species within the genus. All sequences were grouped in four well-supported clades, mostly corresponding to defined morphological species. The results of the molecular study are inconsistent with the infrageneric classification of Clavaria based on the presence or absence of clamps on the bases of basidia and two widely accepted subgenera. Clavaria and Holocoryne appear to be polyphyletic. A new approach in species delimitation is presented: 1) C. asperulispora and C. atrofusca are two distinct species recognized by the shape of their spores, and the name C. neo-nigrita is a possible synonym of C. asperulispora; 2) species with clustered fragile basidiomata, C. fumosa and Clavaria cf. fuscoferruginea, which are almost identical in shape and size of spores differing only in the darker basidiomata of the latter, are phylogenetically unrelated; 3) Clavaria atrobadia is a dubious species, the name being most likely a synonym of C. fuscoferruginea; 4) two species with close morphological and phylogenetic affinity, C. atroumbrina and C. pullei, are distinguished based on the more oblong and narrower spores of the former. Comparison of European and North American material suggests the transatlantic nature of the distribution of C. asperulispora, C. atroumbrina and C. fumosa.

Published
2012

27. Taxonomy and phylogeny of European Gymnopus subsection Levipedes (Basidiomycota, Omphalotaceae)

Author

Antonín, V. (Vladimír), Sedlák, P., Tomšovský, M., Antonín, V. (Vladimír), Sedlák, P., and Tomšovský, M.

Abstract

The systematic integrity of European Gymnopus subsect. Levipedes is verified based on anatomicmorphological characters with support from DNA sequences of ITS and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. Seven species (G. alpinus, G. aquosus, G. dryophilus – including var. lanipes, G. erythropus, G. fagiphilus, G. hybridus, and G. ocior) belonging to this subsection are included. We clarify the concepts of G. dryophilus and G. ocior, which were occasionally confused in older literature. Due to unavailability of previously selected neotype of G. dryophilus the substitute neotype specimen is selected. Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes is confirmed as a variety; no important differences from nominotypical variability were detected. All discriminative characters used for identification of these species are discussed in detail. An identification key is also provided.

Published
2013

32. Underground spaces as neglected niche for occurrence of Heterobasidion annosum complex.

Author

Nováková, A., Sedlák, P., Kubátová, A., Tomšovský, M., and Stenlid, J.

Subjects
HETEROBASIDION annosum, ECOLOGICAL niche, PLANT-pathogen relationships, HABITATS, PLANT DNA
Abstract

The serious forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato was found during mycological exploration in caves and underground tunnels. Seventeen isolates of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. were obtained in these habitats in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Spain during 2008-2012. Three species, H. abietinum, H. annosum sensu stricto, and H. parviporum, were identified by analyses of DNA sequences of three gene regions: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, translation elongation factor 1-alfa and transcription factor. Isolates of H. parviporum were obtained from moonmilk, air and underground gallery wall. H. parviporum recorded from Spain, Castaňar de Ibor Cave, was obtained far from the natural distribution of its main host, Picea abies. Heterobasidion annosum was obtained from cave air and sediment, isopod faeces and underground gallery wall. Heterobasidion abietinum was isolated from bat guano and outdoor air. The origin and ways of fungal dispersal are discussed. The forest stands surrounding caves and tunnels are hypothesized as the potential source of inoculum to inhabit these unusual spaces, although the real paths of the pathogen to the habitats remain unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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33. Species distribution, host affinity and genetic variability of Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato in the Czech Republic.

Author

Sedlák, P., Tomšovský, M., and Stenlid, J.

Subjects
*SPECIES distribution, *HETEROBASIDION annosum, *SPRUCE, *GLYCERALDEHYDEPHOSPHATE dehydrogenase, *ELONGATION factors (Biochemistry), *TRANSCRIPTION factors
Abstract

The distribution and host affinity of Heterobasidon annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu lato (Basidiomycota, Bondarzewiaceae) in the Czech Republic was investigated. Sampling was undertaken in natural forests, in stands with former presence of fir and spruce and in forests on formerly agricultural lands. The identification and phylogenetic relationship of the species complex was studied by comparing DNA sequences of three gene regions: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3P), translation elongation factor 1-alfa (EFA) and transcription factor (TF). The species relationships were demonstrated by haplotype network and Bayesian phylogram construction for the combined data set. The distribution of each species was demonstrated. Heterobasidion annosum s.s., which had the greatest host range, was found on thirteen genera ( Pinus, Picea, Fraxinus, Betula, Corylus, Alnus, Abies, Acer, Salix, Ligustrum, Quercus, Larix and Prunus). Heterobasidion parviporum was found on spruce ( Picea abies), fir ( Abies alba), apple tree ( Malus sylvestris), Vitis vinifera and Fagus sylvatica, and Heterobasidion abietinum was observed on fir ( Abies), spruce ( Picea), pine ( Pinus) and maize ( Zea mays). Sequences from different genes yielded conflicting results for six specimens, which were interpreted as belonging to interspecific hybrids. These were collected from A. alba, P. abies and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. The occurrence of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. is strongly associated with the natural distribution of its hosts and the occurrence of H. abietinum appears to be related to the historical occurrence of A. alba in stands now reforested with P. abies. No statistically significant differences in the vertical distributions within the species complex were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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34. Laccase and other ligninolytic enzyme activities of selected strains of Trametes spp. from different localities and substrates.

Author

Tomšovský, M. and Homolka, L.

Abstract

Eighty-three strains belonging to three species of the genus Trametes Fr. ( T. versicolor, T. hirsuta and T. ochracea) collected in different localities and on different substrates were screened for laccase production. The production of other lignin-modifying enzymes — manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) — and the decolorization ability were also determined in 21 of them. Production variability was relatively high and no significant correlation was found between the origin of the strains (locality, substrate) and the enzyme production. Dikaryons of all 3 species (but not of all their strains) exhibited LiP activity, which was not detected in the respective monokaryons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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35. Phytophthora , Nothophytophthora and Halophytophthora diversity in rivers, streams and riparian alder ecosystems of Central Europe.

Author

Corcobado T, Cech TL, Daxer A, Ďatková H, Janoušek J, Patra S, Jahn D, Hüttler C, Milenković I, Tomšovský M, Jung MH, and Jung T

Abstract

Waterways are ideal pathways for Phytophthora dispersal and potential introduction to terrestrial ecosystems. While many Phytophthora species from phylogenetic clades 6, 9 and 10 are predominant oomycetes in watercourses due to their adaptation to a lifestyle as saprotrophs and opportunistic pathogens of riparian plants, species from clades 2, 7 and 8 are predominantly soil- or airborne using aquatic habitats as temporal niches for spreading and invading terrestrial sites along the watercourses. In contrast to forest ecosystems, knowledge of Phytophthora diversity in watercourses in Central Europe is limited. Between 2014 and 2019 extensive surveys of streams and rivers were undertaken across Austria, in South Moravia, Czech Republic and Žilina province, Slovakia to unveil the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora and related oomycetes. In addition, in Austria riparian forests of black alder ( Alnus glutinosa ) and grey alder ( A. incana ) in lowlands and in the Alps were examined. A variety of Phytophthora species from clades 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were isolated, with clade 6 species showing the widest distribution and abundance. Furthermore, interspecific clade 6 hybrids and other oomycetes such as Halophytophthora fluviatilis and undescribed Nothophytophthora spp. were also obtained. In riparian alders, symptoms of Phytophthora infections were associated with species from the P.  ×  alni complex and P. plurivora . Phytophthora plurivora was most common in alder stands whereas P. uniformis was the oomycete species occurring at the highest altitude in alpine riparian areas., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11557-023-01898-1., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Published
2023
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36. Bacterial community in soil and tree roots of Picea abies shows little response to clearcutting.

Author

Martinović T, Kohout P, López-Mondéjar R, Algora Gallardo C, Starke R, Tomšovský M, and Baldrian P

Subjects
Soil, Soil Microbiology, Fungi, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Rhizosphere, Bacteria genetics, Plant Roots microbiology, Picea microbiology, Abies, Mycorrhizae, Pinus, Microbiota
Abstract

Clearcutting represents a standard management practice in temperate forests with dramatic consequences for the forest ecosystem. The removal of trees responsible for the bulk of primary production can result in a complex response of the soil microbiome. While studies have shown that tree root-symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi disappear from soil and decomposing fine roots of trees become a hotspot for fungal decomposition, the fate of the bacterial component of the soil microbiome following clearcutting is unclear. Here, we investigated the response of bacterial community composition for 2 years following clearcutting of a Picea abies stand in soil, rhizosphere and tree roots, by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. While in the first few months after clearcutting there was no significant response of bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere and soil, bacterial communities associated with tree roots underwent more profound changes over time. Acidobacteria were abundant in rhizosphere and soil, while Firmicutes were strongly represented in the roots. In addition, bacterial communities on decomposing roots were significantly different from those on pre-clearcut live roots. Compared with fungi, the response of bacterial communities to clearcutting was much less pronounced, indicating independent development of the two microbial domains., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)

Published
2022
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37. Eight new Halophytophthora species from marine and brackish-water ecosystems in Portugal and an updated phylogeny for the genus.

Author

Maia C, Horta Jung M, Carella G, Milenković HK, Janoušek J, Tomšovský M, Mosca S, Schena L, Cravador A, Moricca S, and Jung T

Abstract

During an oomycete survey in December 2015, 10 previously unknown Halophytophthora taxa were isolated from marine and brackish water of tidal ponds and channels in saltmarshes, lagoon ecosystems and river estuaries at seven sites along the Algarve coast in the South of Portugal. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU and ITS datasets, comprising all described Halophytophthora species, the 10 new Halophytophthora taxa and all relevant and distinctive sequences available from GenBank, provided an updated phylogeny of the genus Halophytophthora s.str. showing for the first time a structure of 10 clades designated as Clades 1-10. Nine of the 10 new Halophytophthora taxa resided in Clade 6 together with H. polymorphica and H. vesicula . Based on differences in morphology and temperature-growth relations and a multigene (LSU, ITS, Btub , hsp90 , rpl10 , tigA , cox1 , nadh1 , rps10 ) phylo-geny, eight new Halophytophthora taxa from Portugal are described here as H. brevisporangia , H.   cele-ris , H.   frigida , H. lateralis , H. lusitanica , H. macrosporangia , H. sinuata and H. thermoambigua . Three species, H.   frigida , H.   macrosporangia and H. sinuata , have a homothallic breeding system while the remaining five species are sterile. Pathogenicity and litter decomposition tests are underway to clarify their pathological and ecological role in the marine and brackish-water ecosystems. More oomycete surveys in yet undersurveyed regions of the world and population genetic or phylogenomic analyses of global populations are needed to clarify the origin of the new Halophytophthora species. Citation : Maia C, Horta Jung M, Carella G, et al. 2022. Eight new Halophytophthora species from marine and brackish-water ecosystems in Portugal and an updated phylogeny for the genus. Persoonia 48: 54 - 90. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.02.., (© 2022 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute.)

Published
2022
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38. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4.

Author

Chen Q, Bakhshi M, Balci Y, Broders KD, Cheewangkoon R, Chen SF, Fan XL, Gramaje D, Halleen F, Jung MH, Jiang N, Jung T, Májek T, Marincowitz S, Milenković I, Mostert L, Nakashima C, Nurul Faziha I, Pan M, Raza M, Scanu B, Spies CFJ, Suhaizan L, Suzuki H, Tian CM, Tomšovský M, Úrbez-Torres JR, Wang W, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Yang Q, Yang X, Zare R, Zhao P, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, and Crous PW

Abstract

This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided. The fourth paper in the GOPHY series covers 19 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives, including Ascochyta , Cadophora , Celoporthe , Cercospora , Coleophoma , Cytospora , Dendrostoma , Didymella , Endothia , Heterophaeomoniella, Leptosphaerulina , Melampsora , Nigrospora , Pezicula , Phaeomoniella , Pseudocercospora , Pteridopassalora, Zymoseptoria , and one genus of oomycetes, Phytophthora . This study includes two new genera, 30 new species, five new combinations, and 43 typifications of older names. Taxonomic novelties: New genera: Heterophaeomoniella L. Mostert, C.F.J. Spies, Halleen & Gramaje, Pteridopassalora C. Nakash. & Crous; New species: Ascochyta flava Qian Chen & L. Cai, Cadophora domestica L. Mostert, R. van der Merwe, Halleen & Gramaje, Cadophora rotunda L. Mostert, R. van der Merwe, Halleen & Gramaje, Cadophora vinacea H. Suzuki, Marinc. & M.J. Wingf., Cadophora vivarii M. Bakhshi, Zare & Crous, Celoporthe foliorum C.M. Tian & Q. Yang, Cercospora alyssopsidis M. Bakhshi, Zare & Crous, Dendrostoma elaeocarpi C.M. Tian & Q. Yang, Didymella chlamydospora Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella gei Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella ligulariae Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella qilianensis Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella uniseptata Qian Chen & L. Cai, Endothia cerciana M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Leptosphaerulina miscanthi M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora covidalis M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora globospora M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora philosophiae-doctoris M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Phytophthora transitoria T. Jung, M. Horta Jung & I. Milenković, Phytophthora panamensis T. Jung, Y. Balci, K. Broders & I. Milenković, Phytophthora variabilis T. Jung, M. Horta Jung & I. Milenković, Pseudocercospora delonicicola C. Nakash., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora farfugii C. Nakash., I. Araki, & Ai Ito, Pseudocercospora hardenbergiae Crous & C. Nakash., Pseudocercospora kenyirana C. Nakash., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora perrottetiae Crous, C. Nakash. & C.Y. Chen, Pseudocercospora platyceriicola C. Nakash., Y. Hatt, L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora stemonicola C. Nakash., Y. Hatt., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora terengganuensis C. Nakash., Y. Hatt., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora xenopunicae Crous & C. Nakash.; New combinations: Heterophaeomoniella pinifoliorum (Hyang B. Lee et al. ) L. Mostert, C.F.J. Spies, Halleen & Gramaje, Pseudocercospora pruni-grayanae (Sawada) C. Nakash. & Motohashi., Pseudocercospora togashiana (K. Ito & Tak. Kobay.) C. Nakash. & Tak. Kobay., Pteridopassalora nephrolepidicola (Crous & R.G. Shivas) C. Nakash. & Crous, Pteridopassalora lygodii (Goh & W.H. Hsieh) C. Nakash. & Crous; Typification: Epitypification: Botrytis infestans Mont., Cercospora abeliae Katsuki, Cercospora ceratoniae Pat. & Trab., Cercospora cladrastidis Jacz., Cercospora cryptomeriicola Sawada, Cercospora dalbergiae S.H. Sun, Cercospora ebulicola J.M. Yen & Lim, Cercospora formosana J.M. Yen, Cercospora fukuii W. Yamam., Cercospora glochidionis Sawada, Cercospora ixorana J.M. Yen & Lim, Cercospora liquidambaricola J.M. Yen, Cercospora pancratii Ellis & Everh., Cercospora pini-densiflorae Hori & Nambu, Cercospora profusa Syd. & P. Syd., Cercospora pyracanthae Katsuki, Cercospora horiana Togashi & Katsuki, Cercospora tabernaemontanae Syd. & P. Syd., Cercospora trinidadensis F. Stevens & Solheim, Melampsora laricis-urbanianae Tak. Matsumoto , Melampsora salicis-cupularis Wang, Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae Sawada, Pseudocercospora angiopteridis Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Pseudocercospora basitruncata Crous, Pseudocercospora boehmeriigena U. Braun, Pseudocercospora coprosmae U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Pseudocercospora cratevicola C. Nakash. & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora cymbidiicola U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Pseudocercospora dodonaeae Boesew., Pseudocercospora euphorbiacearum U. Braun, Pseudocercospora lygodii Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Pseudocercospora metrosideri U. Braun, Pseudocercospora paraexosporioides C. Nakash. & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora symploci Katsuki & Tak. Kobay. ex U. Braun & Crous, Septogloeum punctatum Wakef.; Neotypification: Cercospora aleuritis I. Miyake; Lectotypification : Cercospora dalbergiae S.H. Sun, Cercospora formosana W. Yamam., Cercospora fukuii W. Yamam., Cercospora glochidionis Chen Q, Bakhshi M, Balci Y, Broders KD, Cheewangkoon R, Chen SF, Fan XL, Gramaje D, Halleen F, Horta Jung M, Jiang N, Jung T, Májek T, Marincowitz S, Milenković T, Mostert L, Nakashima C, Nurul Faziha I, Pan M, Raza M, Scanu B, Spies CFJ, Suhaizan L, Suzuki H, Tian CM, Tomšovský M, Úrbez-Torres JR, Wang W, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Yang Q, Yang X, Zare R, Zhao P, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Crous PW (2022). Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4. Cercospora profusa Syd. & P. Syd., Melampsora laricis-urbanianae Tak. Matsumoto , Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae Sawada, Pseudocercospora symploci Katsuki & Tak. Kobay. ex U. Braun & Crous. Citation: Chen Q, Bakhshi M, Balci Y, Broders KD, Cheewangkoon R, Chen SF, Fan XL, Gramaje D, Halleen F, Horta Jung M, Jiang N, Jung T, Májek T, Marincowitz S, Milenković T, Mostert L, Nakashima C, Nurul Faziha I, Pan M, Raza M, Scanu B, Spies CFJ, Suhaizan L, Suzuki H, Tian CM, Tomšovský M, Úrbez-Torres JR, Wang W, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Yang Q, Yang X, Zare R, Zhao P, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Crous PW (2022). Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4. Studies in Mycology 101 : 417-564. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.101.06., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© 2022 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute.)

Published
2022
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39. Multilocus phylogeny and taxonomy of European Melanoleuca subgenus Melanoleuca .

Author

Antonín V, Ďuriška O, Jančovičová S, Para R, Kudláček T, and Tomšovský M

Subjects
Animals, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Phylogeny, RNA Polymerase I genetics
Abstract

Revision of the taxonomically complicated European Melanoleuca taxa with well-developed macrocystidia (subgenus Melanoleuca ) is presented. The species are delimited by macro- and micromorphological characters and by multilocus molecular data based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), second largest subunit of RNA polymerase I ( rpb2 ), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( tef1 ) genes. The study is based on both type material and recent collections. Phylogenetically, these taxa form 10 clades recognized as 11 separate species: M. albomarginata, M. ammophila, M. bataillei, M. cavipes, M. friesii, M. granadensis, M. melaleuca, M. pallidicutis, M. polioleuca, M. strictipes , and M. variabilis . Three species, M. albomarginata, M. ammophila , and M. variabilis , are described as new. Melanoleuca melaleuca is discussed here as the type species of the genus. Discussion of other older names and their taxonomic status is also provided.

Published
2022
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40. Temporal turnover of the soil microbiome composition is guild-specific.

Author

Martinović T, Odriozola I, Mašínová T, Doreen Bahnmann B, Kohout P, Sedlák P, Merunková K, Větrovský T, Tomšovský M, Ovaskainen O, and Baldrian P

Subjects
Fungi, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Microbiota, Mycobiome
Abstract

Although spatial and temporal variation are both important components structuring microbial communities, the exact quantification of temporal turnover rates of fungi and bacteria has not been performed to date. In this study, we utilised repeated resampling of bacterial and fungal communities at specific locations across multiple years to describe their patterns and rates of temporal turnover. Our results show that microbial communities undergo temporal change at a rate of 0.010-0.025 per year (in units of Sorensen similarity), and the change in soil is slightly faster in fungi than in bacteria, with bacterial communities changing more rapidly in litter than soil. Importantly, temporal development differs across fungal guilds and bacterial phyla with different ecologies. While some microbial guilds show consistent responses across regional locations, others show site-specific development with weak general patterns. These results indicate that guild-level resolution is important for understanding microbial community assembly, dynamics and responses to environmental factors., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2021
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41. Desarmillaria caespitosa , a North American vicariant of D. tabescens .

Author

Antonín V, Stewart JE, Ortiz RM, Kim MS, Bonello PE, Tomšovský M, and Klopfenstein NB

Subjects
DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, North America, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Spores, Fungal, Basidiomycota genetics, Peptide Elongation Factor 1 genetics
Abstract

Desarmillaria caespitosa , a North American vicariant species of European D. tabescens , is redescribed in detail based on recent collections from the USA and Mexico. This species is characterized by morphological features and multilocus phylogenetic analyses using portions of nuc rDNA 28S (28S), translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( tef1 ), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II ( rpb2 ), actin ( act ), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( gpd ). A neotype of D. caespitosa is designated here. Morphological and genetic differences between D. caespitosa and D. tabescens were identified. Morphologically, D. caespitosa differs from D. tabescens by having wider basidiospores, narrower cheilocystidia, which are often irregular or mixed (regular, irregular, or coralloid), and narrower caulocystidia. Phylogenetic analyses of five independent gene regions show that D. caespitosa and D. tabescens are separated by nodes with strong support. The new combination, D. caespitosa , is proposed.

Published
2021
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42. Additions to the knowledge of hydnoid Steccherinaceae: Cabalodontia, Etheirodon, Metuloidea , and Steccherinum .

Author

Westphalen MC, Motato-Vásquez V, Tomšovský M, and Gugliotta AM

Subjects
DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Polyporales genetics
Abstract

The family Steccherinaceae includes genera with smooth, hydnoid, and poroid hymenophores, monomitic to dimitic hyphal systems, and generative hyphae with clamps or simple septa. Steccherinum is the largest genus in the family, with a worldwide distribution, and is characterized mainly by a dimitic hyphal system and presence of thick-walled encrusted cystidia. Species traditionally included in Steccherinum , however, have been transferred to other genera based on results of molecular phylogenetic analyses. Even though knowledge of Steccherinaceae has increased in the past few years, very little is known about the hydnoid species of the family, especially from the Neotropics. In this study, we present morphological and phylogenetic analyses on hydnoid specimens of Steccherinaceae collected in the Neotropics. Molecular data of nuc internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS rDNA (ITS) and portions of nuc 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-α ( tef1 ), and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II ( rpb1 ) were obtained from Brazilian collections. Types and original collections were studied for morphological comparison. Samples we studied grouped in four different genera of Steccherinaceae: Cabalodontia, Etheirodon, Metuloidea , and Steccherinum . Three new neotropical species, Cabalodontia delicata, Etheirodon purpureum , and Steccherinum larssonii , are described. In addition, the new combinations Cabalodontia albofibrillosa and Metuloidea reniformis are proposed. The four genera presented in this study are compared and discussed in detail.

Published
2021
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43. Two new Nothophytophthora species from streams in Ireland and Northern Ireland: Nothophytophthora irlandica and N. lirii sp. nov.

Author

O'Hanlon R, Destefanis M, Milenković I, Tomšovský M, Janoušek J, Bellgard SE, Weir BS, Kudláček T, Horta Jung M, and Jung T

Subjects
Northern Ireland, Phytophthora genetics, Stramenopiles genetics, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Phylogeny, Phytophthora isolation & purification, Plant Diseases microbiology, Rivers microbiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods, Stramenopiles isolation & purification
Abstract

Slow growing oomycete isolates with morphological resemblance to Phytophthora were obtained from forest streams during routine monitoring for the EU quarantine forest pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence analysis indicated that they belonged to two previously unknown species of Nothophytophthora, a recently erected sister genus of Phytophthora. Morphological and temperature-growth studies were carried out to characterise both new species. In addition, Bayesian and Maximum-Likelihood analyses of nuclear 5-loci and mitochondrial 3-loci datasets were performed to resolve the phylogenetic positions of the two new species. Both species were sterile, formed chlamydospores and partially caducous nonpapillate sporangia, and showed slower growth than any of the six known Nothophytophthora species. In all phylogenetic analyses both species formed distinct, strongly supported clades, closely related to N. chlamydospora and N. valdiviana from Chile. Based on their unique combination of morphological and physiological characters and their distinct phylogenetic positions the two new species are described as Nothophytophthora irlandica sp. nov. and N. lirii sp. nov. Their potential lifestyle and geographic origin are discussed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2021
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44. Melanoleuca galbuserae , M. fontenlae and M. acystidiata -Three New Species in Subgenus Urticocystis ( Pluteaceae , Basidiomycota) with Comments on M. castaneofusca and Related Species.

Author

Antonín V, Ševčíková H, Para R, Ďuriška O, Kudláček T, and Tomšovský M

Abstract

Melanoleuca is one of the taxonomically most complicated genera of Agaricomycetes with several taxonomically lineages. The subgenus Urticocystis of the genus Melanoleuca contains species with either urticoid or absent cheilocystidia. In this paper, three new European species, Melanoleuca galbuserae , Melanoleuca fontenlae , and Melanoleuca acystidiata are described as new to science. Melanoleuca galbuserae , related to Melanoleuca stepposa and Melanoleuca tristis , was discovered in alpine grasslands in North Italy. The type specimens and recent collections of Melanoleuca angelesiana , Melanoleuca castaneofusca , Melanoleuca luteolosperma , Melanoleuca pseudopaedida , and Melanoleuca robertiana were sequenced and morphologically examined. Moreover, the related Melanoleuca microcephala and Melanoleuca paedida were included in morphological examination and DNA sequence analyses. All the species were delimited by macro- and micromorphological characters and the multigene phylogenetic analyses of a combined (ITS, rpb2, and tef1) dataset on the basis of the species tree estimation. In accordance with new molecular and morphological data, we suggest taxonomic reappraisal of M. pseudopaedida and M. robertiana , and M. fontenlae and M. acystidiata are proposed as new species. The differences between the type material of M. angelesiana from the USA and European M. angelesiana specimens are discussed.

Published
2021
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45. Mixed-Mating Model of Reproduction Revealed in European Phytophthora cactorum by ddRADseq and Effector Gene Sequence Data.

Author

Pánek M, Střížková I, Zouhar M, Kudláček T, and Tomšovský M

Abstract

A population study of Phytophthora cactorum was performed using ddRADseq sequence variation analysis completed by the analysis of effector genes-RXLR6, RXLR7 and SCR113. The population structure was described by F-statistics, heterozygosity, nucleotide diversity, number of private alleles, number of polymorphic sites, kinship coefficient and structure analysis. The population of P. cactorum in Europe seems to be structured into host-associated groups. The isolates from woody hosts are structured into four groups described previously, while isolates from strawberry form another group. The groups are diverse in effector gene composition and the frequency of outbreeding. When populations from strawberry were analysed, both asexual reproduction and occasional outbreeding confirmed by gene flow among distinct populations were detected. Therefore, distinct P. cactorum populations differ in the level of heterozygosity. The data support the theory of the mixed-mating model for P. cactorum , comprising frequent asexual behaviour and inbreeding alternating with occasional outbreeding. Because P. cactorum is not indigenous to Europe, such variability is probably caused by multiple introductions of different lineages from the area of its original distribution, and the different histories of sexual recombination and host adaptation of particular populations.

Published
2021
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46. Worldwide Genetic Structure Elucidates the Eurasian Origin and Invasion Pathways of Dothistroma septosporum , Causal Agent of Dothistroma Needle Blight.

Author

Mullett MS, Drenkhan R, Adamson K, Boroń P, Lenart-Boroń A, Barnes I, Tomšovský M, Jánošíková Z, Adamčíková K, Ondrušková E, Queloz V, Piškur B, Musolin DL, Davydenko K, Georgieva M, Schmitz S, Kačergius A, Ghelardini L, Kranjec Orlović J, Müller M, Oskay F, Hauptman T, Halász Á, Markovskaja S, Solheim H, Vuorinen M, Heinzelmann R, Hamelin RC, and Konečný A

Abstract

Dothistroma septosporum , the primary causal agent of Dothistroma needle blight, is one of the most significant foliar pathogens of pine worldwide. Its wide host and environmental ranges have led to its global success as a pathogen and severe economic damage to pine forests in many regions. This comprehensive global population study elucidated the historical migration pathways of the pathogen to reveal the Eurasian origin of the fungus. When over 3800 isolates were examined, three major population clusters were revealed: North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe, with distinct subclusters in the highly diverse Eastern European cluster. Modeling of historical scenarios using approximate Bayesian computation revealed the North American cluster was derived from an ancestral population in Eurasia. The Northeastern European subcluster was shown to be ancestral to all other European clusters and subclusters. The Turkish subcluster diverged first, followed by the Central European subcluster, then the Western European cluster, which has subsequently spread to much of the Southern Hemisphere. All clusters and subclusters contained both mating-types of the fungus, indicating the potential for sexual reproduction, although asexual reproduction remained the primary mode of reproduction. The study strongly suggests the native range of D. septosporum to be in Eastern Europe (i.e., the Baltic and Western Russia) and Western Asia.

Published
2021
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47. Peptide-Based Identification of Phytophthora Isolates and Phytophthora Detection in Planta.

Author

Berka M, Greplová M, Saiz-Fernández I, Novák J, Luklová M, Zelená P, Tomšovský M, Brzobohatý B, and Černý M

Subjects
Chromatography, Liquid, Hordeum enzymology, Hordeum metabolism, Mass Spectrometry, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Phytophthora infestans genetics, Plant Leaves metabolism, Plant Leaves microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Proteomics, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Solanum tuberosum metabolism, Stress, Physiological, Hordeum microbiology, Peptides metabolism, Phytophthora infestans isolation & purification, Plant Diseases microbiology, Plant Proteins metabolism, Proteome metabolism, Solanum tuberosum microbiology
Abstract

Phytophthora is arguably one of the most damaging genera of plant pathogens. This pathogen is well suited to transmission via the international plant trade, and globalization has been promoting its spread since the 19th century. Early detection is essential for reducing its economic and ecological impact. Here, a shotgun proteomics approach was utilized for Phytophthora analysis. The collection of 37 Phytophthora isolates representing 12 different species was screened for species-specific peptide patterns. Next, Phytophthora proteins were detected in planta, employing model plants Solanum tuberosum and Hordeum vulgare . Although the evolutionarily conserved sequences represented more than 10% of the host proteome and limited the pathogen detection, the comparison between qPCR and protein data highlighted more than 300 protein markers, which correlated positively with the amount of P. infestans DNA. Finally, the analysis of P. palmivora response in barley revealed significant alterations in plant metabolism. These changes included enzymes of cell wall metabolism, ROS production, and proteins involved in trafficking. The observed root-specific attenuation in stress-response mechanisms, including the biosynthesis of jasmonates, ethylene and polyamines, and an accumulation of serotonin, provided the first insight into molecular mechanisms behind this particular biotic interaction.

Published
2020
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48. Integrated Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Phytophthora cinnamomi Attack on Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa ) Reveals Distinct Molecular Reprogramming Proximal to the Infection Site and Away from It.

Author

Saiz-Fernández I, Milenković I, Berka M, Černý M, Tomšovský M, Brzobohatý B, and Kerchev P

Subjects
Binding Sites, Computational Biology, Cyclopentanes metabolism, Homeostasis, Metabolomics, Oxylipins metabolism, Plant Growth Regulators metabolism, Plant Roots, Proteomics, Salicylic Acid metabolism, Signal Transduction, Wood, Fagaceae metabolism, Fagaceae microbiology, Phytophthora pathogenicity, Plant Diseases microbiology
Abstract

Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most invasive tree pathogens that devastates wild and cultivated forests. Due to its wide host range, knowledge of the infection process at the molecular level is lacking for most of its tree hosts. To expand the repertoire of studied Phytophthora -woody plant interactions and identify molecular mechanisms that can facilitate discovery of novel ways to control its spread and damaging effects, we focused on the interaction between P. cinnamomi and sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa ), an economically important tree for the wood processing industry. By using a combination of proteomics, metabolomics, and targeted hormonal analysis, we mapped the effects of P. cinnamomi attack on stem tissues immediately bordering the infection site and away from it. P. cinnamomi led to a massive reprogramming of the chestnut proteome and accumulation of the stress-related hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), indicating that stem inoculation can be used as an easily accessible model system to identify novel molecular players in P. cinnamomi pathogenicity.

Published
2020
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49. An overview of Antrodiella and related genera of Polyporales from the Neotropics.

Author

Westphalen MC, Tomšovský M, Gugliotta AM, and Rajchenberg M

Subjects
Brazil, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Fungal chemistry, DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Peptide Elongation Factor 1 genetics, Polyporales isolation & purification, RNA Polymerase II genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Tropical Climate, Genetic Variation, Phylogeny, Polyporales classification, Polyporales genetics
Abstract

The genus Antrodiella includes resupinate and pileate species of polypores with a dimitic hyphal system, small, globose to cylindrical basidiospores, absence of cystidia, tetrapolar mating system, and haplo-dikaryotic nuclear behavior. Recent studies, however, indicate that Antrodiella is highly polyphyletic, so many of its species have been transferred to other genera. This study reviews the systematic status and diversity of Antrodiella from the Neotropics based, in part, on studies of type specimens. Collections from Brazil were used for molecular analysis of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and portions of genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-α ( tef1 ) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II ( rpb2 ). Eight genera are confirmed to include Neotropical species treated as Antrodiella in a broad sense: Aegis, Antrodiella s. str., Flaviporus, Metuloidea, Mycorrhaphium, Rickiopora, Trametopsis , and Trullella . Molecular data reveal the occurrence of two new species, described as Antrodiella trivialis , the only Neotropical species of Antrodiella s. str. known so far, and Mycorrhaphium hispidum . In addition, Antrodiella luteocontexta was found to nest in the genus Aegis , close to the Grifolaceae and Polyporaceae; therefore, the new combination Aegis luteocontexta is proposed. Comments on the eight Antrodiella -related genera as well as species with uncertain taxonomic position are provided, together with a key to their identification.

Published
2019
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50. Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution.

Author

Varga T, Krizsán K, Földi C, Dima B, Sánchez-García M, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Szöllősi GJ, Szarkándi JG, Papp V, Albert L, Andreopoulos W, Angelini C, Antonín V, Barry KW, Bougher NL, Buchanan P, Buyck B, Bense V, Catcheside P, Chovatia M, Cooper J, Dämon W, Desjardin D, Finy P, Geml J, Haridas S, Hughes K, Justo A, Karasiński D, Kautmanova I, Kiss B, Kocsubé S, Kotiranta H, LaButti KM, Lechner BE, Liimatainen K, Lipzen A, Lukács Z, Mihaltcheva S, Morgado LN, Niskanen T, Noordeloos ME, Ohm RA, Ortiz-Santana B, Ovrebo C, Rácz N, Riley R, Savchenko A, Shiryaev A, Soop K, Spirin V, Szebenyi C, Tomšovský M, Tulloss RE, Uehling J, Grigoriev IV, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T, Martin FM, Miettinen O, Hibbett DS, and Nagy LG

Subjects
Genetic Variation, Phylogeny, Agaricales genetics, Genome, Fungal
Abstract

Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfil diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolutionary history are poorly known, in part due to the lack of a comprehensive and dated molecular phylogeny. Here, using multigene and genome-based data, we assemble a 5,284-species phylogenetic tree and infer ages and broad patterns of speciation/extinction and morphological innovation in mushroom-forming fungi. Agaricomycetes started a rapid class-wide radiation in the Jurassic, coinciding with the spread of (sub)tropical coniferous forests and a warming climate. A possible mass extinction, several clade-specific adaptive radiations and morphological diversification of fruiting bodies followed during the Cretaceous and the Paleogene, convergently giving rise to the classic toadstool morphology, with a cap, stalk and gills (pileate-stipitate morphology). This morphology is associated with increased rates of lineage diversification, suggesting it represents a key innovation in the evolution of mushroom-forming fungi. The increase in mushroom diversity started during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic radiation event, an era of humid climate when terrestrial communities dominated by gymnosperms and reptiles were also expanding.

Published
2019
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