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In the present work, drilling experiments were performed on carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites, fabricated by compression molding. The effect of various process parameters on delamination and tool wear during drilling were investigated. The laminate, after fabrication, was tested to find the elastic modulus, fiber volume fraction and tensile strength. A full factorial experiment with process parameters at three levels each were performed initially to find the optimum cutting condition which was used in the second experiment to compare the performance of four different drill bits with varying geometry. Analysis of delamination and tool wear revealed that the tool with point angle 90°, helix angle 35° was the best tool for drilling carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites as it resulted in the least delamination and showed no significant tool wear. Tool with point angle 140°, helix angle 30° also performed well while TiAlN coated tool performed poorly due to the erosion of the coating at the cutting edges resulting in increased cutting forces and higher delamination. Delamination and tool wear was observed to be the highest in tool with a point angle of 118°and helix angle 30°.

Majority of the heat energy generated during the metal removal processes disperses with the help of cutting fluids, which possess numerous challenges to environment and mankind. Dry machining with the help of coated tools is a sustainable alternative to eliminate the cutting fluids. The present work investigates the influence of AlCrN and TiAlN coating during the end milling of high-performance Ti-6Al-4 V super alloy. Experiments were also performed at high-speed condition where coated tools were employed in dry condition and uncoated tools in the presence of cutting fluid. For both the conditions, force, tool wear, surface roughness and surface morphology were investigated. The resultant force generated by the AlCrN and TiAlN coated tool under dry condition is comparable to that of uncoated tool under wet condition. It is observed that the chipping of cutting is the major mode of failure of cutting tool. This was evident while machining with uncoated tool under low-speed condition. AlCrN coated tool gave better surface finish when compared to TiAlN coated tool. At various operating conditions, various defects such as redeposition of material, side flow, presence of black spot were observed.

Permanent human settlements outside of low-earth orbit face technical and psycho-social challenges for the crew members and programmatic risks around funding and operating these missions, without clear public support and international involvement. A concept for the construction and operation of a lunar settlement named "Domi Inter Astra" (DIA), near the Shackleton Crater, was developed to understand the feasibility of a near-term permanent settlement crewed by international researchers and tourists. This project was created by a team under the Space Generation Advisory Council's auspices and a follow-on to our First Place design in the Moon Base Design Contest by The Moon Society. Technologies for infrastructure, life-support, environment control, and robotics were selected using high-level trade studies to balance resource requirements, safety, reliability, operability, and maintainability of the base over a long (20+ year) operating life with 10-30 inhabitants. Technology roadmaps were developed for gaps in existing technologies, considering opportunities with ISRU and methods of closing the environment control and life support system loops. A wider range of human factors pertaining to the social environment onboard the base is discussed to ensure long-term stability. Architectural design choices were made, keeping these factors in mind while also considering technical and economic viability. Large-scale space exploration projects must mitigate both public interest and funding risks throughout their life cycle. Economic roadmaps are introduced to diversify revenue streams throughout the settlement's design, deployment, and operation. Funding opportunities that evolve with the base design and functionality over time are identified for long-term economic sustainability. A polycentric model for international collaboration is explored to promote interest from current space-leading countries while providing opportunities for emerging space nations. The DIA lunar settlement case study showcases the interrelation between engineering, economics, architecture, science, social and management scopes. It highlights the interdisciplinary approach and inclusivity in the field of space sciences. This case study can help international and public-private partnerships to develop human space exploration capabilities further. The current DIA base plan could be used in many ways for educational activities, for any level of students and professionals. Two types of activities could be design and analysis based and mini analogue missions. Students could devise and perform small experiments that relate to the base’s day-to-day activities as well as resources required, for example growing microgreens and plants in different conditions, geology surveys, 3D printing different objects and many such mini-projects. Graduate students and professionals could work on CAD modelling for structures, improving the architectural plan and the statistical analysis for the economical model.

The article discusses the additive manufacturing/3D printing of human skin for advanced applications. Even though this is still in its infancy, additive manufacturing has the potential to revolutionize the field of dermatology and cosmetology.

In the present work, the wear of monolayer electroplated cubic boron nitride wheel during grinding of Inconel 718 super alloy is investigated, and the influence of wear process on wheel topography is reported. The radial wear of the wheel was characterized by an early transient state followed by a steady state wear regime and finally a steel rise in wear rate. The initial transient region progressed up to radial wear of 21 μm. During the steady state region, the radial wear was in the range of 21 μm to 25.5 μm. Beyond the steady state region, there was a sudden increase of 8.5 μm radial wear depicting the progress of wear towards the failure region. The normal and tangential forces remained approximately constant up to about 21 μm wheel wear, and subsequently progressively increased to a maximum of 34 μm wear. The specific energy began approximately at about u = 240 J/mm3 and started progressing beyond radial wear of 21 μm and increased up to 540 J/mm3 at the wear of 34 μm. There was high initial roughness value with the fresh wheel with a progressive decrease with continued grinding due to the increase in active grains.

In this study, the conventional DI diesel engine is modified by installing the impingement head in the form of triangular tips in the cylinder head. The tips are installed in the path of fuel spray issued from the nozzle hole. Each fuel spray after impingement is broken into two zones resulting in more uniform and wide distribution of fuel in combustion chamber. The improved performance in terms of lower-specific fuel consumption and lower smoke level is obtained.

Inconel 617 alloy is corrosion and oxidation resistant, nickel-based alloy and emanates under tough to turn material. Moreover, turning off this alloy under MQL need attention. In this context, this work aims to examine the machinability study under MQL on CNC turning of 617 alloys by AlTiN PVD carbide cutting inserts. As a methodology, the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array parameter design and response surface optimization has been employed. 1D and 3D plots have been used to analysis on the collected machining data based on fitted regression model. The statistical analysis revealed % concentration impacted for force, cutting velocity influenced for surface roughness and tool wear. From the optimization analysis, 0.25% Al2O3 Nano-fluid in coconut oil along with a cutting speed of 40 m/min and 0.14 mm/rev feed rate. Abrasion, adhesion and diffusion wear are identified as wear mechanisms. The diameter of produced helical and tubular chips are different, and at high % concentration, the curl diameter is found to be increased due to the decrease in lubricity and increase tool friction on turning of Inconel 617.

Inconel 825 is a family of nickel (Ni)-chromium (Cr)-iron (Fe) alloy with added add-ons of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), and titanium (Ti). In this paper, dry experiments are carried out on Inconel 825 alloy based on the designed L16 orthogonal array using the advanced coated cutting tool. The levels of turning parameters are varied at 70, 120, 170 and 220 m/min of turning speed, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 mm/rev of feed rate and 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mm of cutting depth. Cutting forces, surface roughness, and chip quality determination are considered as technological parameters. The factor effect on output responses is studied using responses surface 3D plots. Results of variance test and the Pareto chart shows that cutting depth and feed rate is the most substantial effect on all the responses followed by cutting speed. It also reveals that lower cutting speed, low feed rate along cutting depth resulted in lower cutting force and surface roughness. The chip macrograph reveals that distance between the helical increased by increasing the cutting speed and feed rate and decreasing the cutting depth and chips are formed short helical and serrated ribbon chips under different cutting parameters.

In the present study, the free and forced vibration responses of the composite sandwich plate with carbon nanotube reinforced honeycomb as the core material and laminated composite plates as the top and bottom face sheets are investigated. The governing equations of motion of hybrid composite honeycomb sandwich plates are derived using higher order shear deformation theory and solved numerically using a four-noded rectangular finite element with nine degrees of freedom at each node. Further, various elastic properties of honeycomb core materials with and without reinforcement of carbon nanotube and face materials are evaluated experimentally using the alternative dynamic approach. The effectiveness of the finite element formulation is demonstrated by performing the results evaluated experimentally on a prototype composite sandwich plate with and without carbon nanotube reinforcement in core material. Various parametric studies are performed numerically to study the effects of carbon nanotube wt% in core material, core thickness, ply orientations, and various boundary conditions on the dynamic properties of composite honeycomb sandwich plate. Further, the transverse vibration responses of hybrid composite sandwich plates under harmonic force excitation are analyzed at various wt% of carbon nanotubes and the results are compared with those obtained without addition of carbon nanotubes to demonstrate the effectiveness of carbon nanotube reinforcement in enhancing the stiffness and damping characteristics of the structures. The study provides the guidelines for the designer on enhancing both the stiffness and damping properties of sandwich structures through carbon nanotube reinforcement in core materials.

The knowledge of temperature distribution on the work material is essential to incorporate various sustainable techniques like dry and near dry machining. A new approach of the thermal model during dry drilling process has been established to predict the magnitude and distribution of machining-induced work material temperature. Here the classical heat source method was adopted. In the present work the contact point between the cutting edge of the drill tool and the work material is represented as a line heat source inclined at an angle, moving with a velocity. The temperature rise due to chip clogging, built-up edge formation and friction is neglected in the present model. The plots from the investigation revealed that the temperature increased with higher values of Peclet number which is a representation of the relative velocity of the heat source and the thermal properties of the conduction medium. Also, it is observed that the angle of inclination of heat source has little influence on the temperature rise at lower velocity. The model provides a cohesive basis to deal with the temperature rise in the workpiece during the dry drilling process. By using the model temperature distribution at any point on the work material can be obtained. To validate the analytical results experiments were carried keeping the cutting speed constant and varying the feed rate to measure the work material temperature rise using an infra red camera. The measured temperature during the experiment was found to be higher than the predicted temperature since some of the relevant factors like built-up edge formation, chip clogging and increase in friction were not considered in the model. Also further investigation is necessary to find the influence of point angle on the developed model.

Heat buildup is an important issue on the cutting edge which then promotes high-temperature wear which consequently leads to poor machinability during dry machining. To improve the machinability, n...

The solution methodologies for nonlinear differential equations play a significant role in the area of theoretical mechanics, in particular large deflection of beams. In this paper, Euler–Bernoulli’s equation is adapted along with R. Da Silva method for solving the problem of large deflection on multilayered cantilever beams with interlayer slip analytically. Interlayer slip, horizontal displacement and large deflection nonlinear differential equations of multilayered Euler–Bernoulli cantilever beams were derived. The equations are applied to the typical partially interacted multilayered cantilever beam problem with point and uniformly distributed load. Solutions of the geometrically linear theory and geometrically nonlinear theory are compared.

This work is focused on the rise in temperature of the workpiece and tool during the drilling of intermetallic titanium aluminide under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) environment. While drillin...

The biomechanical behaviour of the structure plays an important role in the function of dental implants. However, information about the influence of framework design on stresses transmitted to the implants and supporting bones and tissues is limited. There are various parameters of a dental implant design structure which determine and affect stress distribution and deformation in surrounding bones. In order to understand the role of thread angles on stress distribution in the surrounding cortical and cancellous bones, four different implant designs with varying thread angles were analyzed using 3D Finite Element Method.

The blower is among the key components in any industrial applications like boilers, cooling systems, dryers etc. Hence the performance and the characteristics of the blower affect the whole system and the efficiency of the work. The blower system consists of mainly three parts suction hood, impellor and volute which determine the characters of the blower. It is very important to predict the air flow for a blower before its application. A study on the industrial centrifugal blower is done to accurately predict the air flow and mass flow using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool. The detailed model of blower is created with the help of a 3D CAD Software and a 3D CFD Fluent code is used to solve different governing equations and predict the flow at outlet of the blower. The numerical results obtained with the help of CFD are compared with the characteristic curve supplied by the manufacturer.

Bearings are precision made components that enable machinery to move at extremely high speeds with low friction and also support loads acting on the shaft. It is vital to identify an early fault in bearing to avoid catastrophic damages. In this work condition monitoring model is developed and it comprise of TQWT (Tunable Q-factor wavelet transform) which is based on decomposing a non-stationary vibration signal into sub-bands, Spectral features were applied to the sub-bands of TQWT for feature extraction and different classification techniques were used for classify the various conditions of bearing.

Sabots are used in gas guns to hold bird and hail projectiles in aerospace component test. Sabots used for bird and hail projectiles are classified by their construction into split and single piece sabot. Design procedure for split and single piece sabot are highly empirical and depends on the type of projectile. Design methodology is developed for split sabot and the relation between sabot dimensions, geometric features, density of the sabot material, number of sabot pieces, velocity of sabot at the gun exit and the radial travel distance during the travel between gas gun barrel exit and test article are calculated. This methodology is validated using explicit finite element simulation of an axisymmetric model of sabot and projectile exiting the gas gun barrel. Design methodology of the single piece sabot is different from split sabot and depends more on the sabot material properties. Analytical formulation for single piece sabot design is discussed. Three dimensional explicit finite element simulations are carried out to validate the design procedure and the relation between the sabot stopping distance, sabot material and the design parameters of the sabot catcher system are discussed.

The Aluminuim metal matrix composites [MMC’s] have been widely sought over conventional materials for marine, aerospace and automotive applications owing to their excellent wear resistance and mechanical properties. Al7075 alloy though possess high strength and toughness, they exhibit poor resistance against wear and to enhance this property the matrix has been reinforced with ceramic particulates of Al2O3. The MMC was fabricated using vacuum assisted stir casting technique by reinforcing the matrix with Alumina particulates of average 150μm with weight percentage varying from 2%-6%. Wear results in damage of machine components and in order to analyze this complex phenomenon, experimentation was carried out using L27 orthogonal array technique according to ASTM G99 standards. The loss of material in terms of wear-height of the base alloy Al7075 and Al2O3 reinforced composites increased with load applied and sliding distance, similarly trend was observed to decline with an increase of the reinforcement Al2O3 in the matrix material. An Artificial Neural network[ANN] was established for the forecast of tribological properties of the Al7075-Al2O3 composites using Levenberg–Marquardt optimization technique to establish a nonlinear relationship between density, wear height loss, sliding distance and weight percentage of particulate reinforcement. A good agreement has been witnessed between experimental and ANN model results. After ANN prediction confirmation tests were carried out for experimental results for verification.

Rolling bearing is an important part of rotating machinery. Working condition of bearing will directly affect the operation and function of equipment. Therefore, the testing and fault diagnosis of the running state of bearing is significant. A common method for extracting the mechanical fault is assuming that vibration signals are stable. But the real measured signals often are non- stationary. For this nonlinear phenomenon, it is difficult to solve the problem fundamentally by the traditional power spectrum analysis .In this present work aims to formulate an automated prediction model using vibration signals of various bearing conditions by using EMD (empirical mode decomposition) and entropy based features and different classification algorithms.

Public roads are the principle source of excitation to ground vehicles. Objective roughness/severity classification of the public roads is essential to predict vehicle response/fatigue damage at an early stage of vehicle development program. It is observedthat IRI (International Roughness Index) and PSD (Power Spectral Density) classifications as per ISO 8608 are the most widely used roughness indicators worldwide .This paper describes the work carried out to study the usefulness of IRI (International Roughness Index) for a vehicle designer and test engineer. The intention is to demonstrate the link between IRI and vehicle response. It is shown that IRI numbers (m/km) can be easily converted to suspension velocity and displacement. The paper discusses various methods to interpret IRI and PSD (Power Spectral Density) of measured road profiles.

Methods to model the dimensional variation into computer based simulations by the use of error propagation, random sampling and principle component analysis (PCA) and quantify the variations in their functionalities are discussed. Quantifying these functionalities is important in case of rotating equipment like fan blades of aircraft engine or compressor blades of an automobile turbocharger. This paper takes the example of a blade under impact loading and the maximum permanent deformation as the measure of damage quantifies the variation in damage due to manufacturing variations. Three approaches are discussed namely, error propagation, random sampling and constructing a maximum and minimum variance models using single value decomposition techniques like principle component analysis(PCA). Ten blades of same design are considered with their dimensional variations due to manufacturing tolerances. Finite element model of these blades are developed along with variations in the thickness of the blade due to manufacturing variations. Simulations are carried out on these ten blades with different thickness values for impact loading. All the three methodologies of damage quantifications namely error propagation, random sampling and PCA are applied and benefits and draw backs of each method are discussed.

This paper presents the state of art in the field of composite shells with focus on stress analysis, buckling and post-buckling responses under mechanical and thermal loading. Many researchers have investigated the buckling and post-buckling responses of cylindrical, conical, spherical, thin and thick composite shells with single and doubly curved shells under mechanical and thermal loading. From the literature it can be inferred that hydrostatic pressure, axial compression and thermal environment influence the buckling behavior of laminated composite shell significantly. An effort is taken to review the research on buckling and post-buckling responses of cylindrical and conical shaped shells under mechanical and thermal loading and their behavior during buckling and post-buckling conditions. POLYM. COMPOS., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

One of the major difference in drilling process when related to other conventional metal removal processes like turning and milling is that the drill tool has to work beneath harsh environment as t...

Therapeutic mammaplasty (TM) may be an alternative to mastectomy, but few well designed studies have evaluated the success of this approach or compared the short-term outcomes of TM with mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). Data from the national iBRA-2 and TeaM studies were combined to compare the safety and short-term outcomes of TM and mastectomy with or without IBR.The subgroup of patients in the TeaM study who underwent TM to avoid mastectomy were identified, and data on demographics, complications, oncology and adjuvant treatment were compared with those of patients undergoing mastectomy with or without IBR in the iBRA-2 study. The primary outcome was the percentage of successful breast-conserving procedures in the TM group. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications and time to adjuvant therapy.A total of 2916 patients (TM 376; mastectomy 1532; mastectomy and IBR 1008) were included in the analysis. Patients undergoing TM were more likely to be obese and to have undergone bilateral surgery than those having IBR. However, patients undergoing mastectomy with or without IBR were more likely to experience complications than the TM group (TM: 79, 21·0 per cent; mastectomy: 570, 37·2 per cent; mastectomy and IBR: 359, 35·6 per cent; P 0·001). Breast conservation was possible in 87·0 per cent of patients who had TM, and TM did not delay adjuvant treatment.TM may allow high-risk patients who would not be candidates for IBR to avoid mastectomy safely. Further work is needed to explore the comparative patient-reported and cosmetic outcomes of the different approaches, and to establish long-term oncological safety.La mamoplastia terapéutica (therapeutic mammaplasty, TM) puede ser una alternativa a la mastectomía, pero hay pocos estudios bien diseñados que hayan evaluado el éxito de esta estrategia o hayan comparado los resultados a corto plazo de la TM con la mastectomía con o sin (+/-) reconstrucción mamaria inmediata (immediate breast reconstruction, IBR). Para comparar la seguridad y los resultados a corto plazo de la TM y la mastectomía +/- IBR se combinaron los datos de los estudios nacionales iBRA-2 y TeaM. MÉTODOS: En el estudio TeaM se identificó el subgrupo de pacientes al que se realizó una TM para evitar la mastectomía y se compararon los datos demográficos, las complicaciones, los resultados oncológicos y el tratamiento adyuvante con las pacientes sometidas a mastectomía +/- IBR del estudio iBRA-2. La variable principal fue el porcentaje de éxito de la cirugía conservadora de mama en el grupo TM. Las variables secundarias fueron las complicaciones postoperatorias y el intervalo de tiempo hasta el inicio del tratamiento adyuvante.Se incluyeron en el análisis 2.916 pacientes (TM n = 376; mastectomía n = 1.532; IBR n = 1.008). La TM era más frecuente en pacientes obesas o en las sometidas a cirugía bilateral en comparación con las pacientes con IBR. Sin embargo, las pacientes sometidas a una mastectomía +/- IBR tenían más probabilidades de desarrollar complicaciones que las del grupo TM (TM n = 79, 21,0%; mastectomía n = 570, 37,2%; mastectomía y IBR n = 359, 35,6%; P 0,001). La conservación de la mama fue posible en el 87% de las pacientes con TM y el procedimiento no retrasó el inicio del tratamiento adyuvante. CONCLUSIÓN: La TM puede permitir que pacientes de alto riesgo que no serían candidatas a IBR eviten la mastectomía de una forma segura. Se necesitan más trabajos para comparar los resultados percibidos por las pacientes y los estéticos de las diferentes estrategias terapéuticas y establecer la seguridad oncológica a largo plazo.

There is an increasing attempt to implement green manufacturing in almost all fields of engineering. Minimum quantity lubrication is considered as a relevant and promising candidate in promoting environmentally friendly machining since it bridges the gap between dry and wet condition. It can keep the work material temperature lower than those in a dry environment by reducing the frictional heat generated during the machining processes and deliver certain amount of cooling effect in the tool-workpiece contact region. The present work is focussed on the drilling of this intermetallic titanium aluminide alloy at low and high aspect ratio under minimum quantity lubrication environment and is compared with dry and wet environments. The feasibility of using minimum quantity lubrication is evaluated based on the thrust force and torque. Burr, being an important factor in drilling have also been studied, and the findings show the presence of uniform burr in minimum quantity lubrication condition. In a complex process like drilling, chip flow is restricted only through the flutes and hence there occurs transformation of chip shape, chip thickening and changes in force and torque as the depth of hole progresses. In order to study these changes peck drilling was adopted and the depth at which the transformation of chip shape occurs is identified.

To increase the wide use of intermetallic titanium aluminides for various fields of engineering application, a broad understanding of the machinability of these material is essential. The present work is focussed on the drilling of this intermetallic alloy at low and high aspect ratio under dry and wet environments. The machinability in dry and wet conditions were assessed based on the thrust force, torque, burr formation, surface quality, tool condition and chip morphology. The supply of cutting fluid is found to be effective in reducing the thrust force and torque and producing quality surface. Burr, being an important factor in drilling have also been studied, and the findings show the presence of uniform burr with and without roll back in dry and wet condition respectively. Surface defects formed and their intensity during both the machining environments were analysed. Built up edge formation on the drill tool was detected in all cutting conditions. The transformation of chip shape as the depth of hole progresses is also detailed in the present work. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the feasibility of drilling titanium aluminide in dry and wet environment. The overall results indicate that dry environment is not viable for high aspect ratio drilling.

There is always an increasing interest in and demand for materials with superior properties, particularly in aerospace and automobile industries. Intermetallic titanium aluminides have been recognized as the possible material that could be used in high-performance applications. The understanding of the machinability during various machining processes is very much essential in order to widen the usage of these materials over various fields of application. Drilling, particularly with high aspect ratio, is a complex machining process that has to be explored. In the present work, machinability of titanium aluminide has been evaluated during high-throughput dry drilling, based on thrust, torque, surface integrity, and chip morphology.

Nickel based super alloys has high mechanical strength, resistance to corrosion and oxidation and high temperature strength. Research work on Alloy X-750 and Waspaloy has been infrequent due to difficulties in machining. The present investigation aims to analyze the tool wear, turning forces, and roughness in dry turning of Inconel X-750 and Waspaloy. The experiments are designed using the following parameters: speed = 50, 75, 100 m/min; rate of feed = 0.05, 0.075, 0.125 mm/rev. The depth of cut was kept at a constant value of 0.5 mm. PVD-coated carbide inserts are used for the turning operation, and the coating material was AlTiN. The cutting forces and surface roughness were measured post the tool wore out. The microstructures and Vickers’ hardness of the superalloys were also studied. Finally, the range of cutting conditions is recommended for machining this alloy in an industrial environment.

Single stage gas guns are typically used for accelerating the projectiles in bird and hail impact tests of aerospace components and engines. In this paper an alternative design for single stage gas gun is studied, which is derived from V3 canon. Three dimensional numerical simulations is carried out for the optimal secondary connection angle with the main barrel. A one dimensional code is developed for the V3 canon based design. Design of experiments conducted to find the response surface for the optimal location of the secondary connection, volume and pressure of the secondary tank.

An experimental investigation is reported on the wear of silicon carbide wheel and its influence on the wheel topography and grinding behaviour during the surface grinding of high performance intermetallic gamma titianium aluminide. The radial wear of the wheel was characterised by initial transient state followed by a steady state wear regime and finally a steel rise in wear rate. The initial transient region progressed up to a radial wear of 40 μm. The normal and tangential forces remained approximately constant up to about 25 μm wheel wear and subsequently progressively increased to a maximum at 60 μm wear. The specific energy began approximately at about u = 140 J/mm3 and started progressing beyond radial wear of 25 μm and increased up to 600 J/mm3 at wear of 60 μm. There was high initial roughness value with the fresh wheel with a progressive decrease with continued grinding. There was noticeable increase in roughness value after a radial wear of 60 μm. With the progress of wear there was presence of surface burns, chatter marks and cracking. The presence of blue oxide discoloration was observed during the visual inspection signifying the generation of reasonably high temperature.

In any metal cutting operation the features of tools, input work materials, machine parameter settings will influence the process efficiency and output quality characteristics. A significant improvement in process efficiency may be obtained by process parameter optimization that identifies and determines the regions of critical process control factors leading to desired outputs or responses with acceptable variations ensuring a lower cost of manufacturing. For turning process, the cutting conditions i.e. Speed, Feed and Depth of cut plays an important role in the efficient use of a machine tool.In order to determine the optimum cutting conditions, one has to estimate the tool life and cutting forces with a reasonable degree of accuracy since many of the constraints those are applying on a process are influenced by these parameters. For a practical machining situation, since no adequate machining theory is available to predict the tool life and cutting forces, one is compelled to rely on empirical equations to predict these parameters. However, these empirical equations involve a number of constants which are not readily available. Hence this Paper proposes an alternative approach to determine the optimal process parameters used to predict cutting forces, tool life and surface finish