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The aim of the study was to assess mortality trends due to falls in early (65–74 years) and late (75+) old age groups in Poland in 2000–2020. The study used a database of all deaths due to falls in two age groups. Per 100,000 men in early old age, the crude death rate (CDR) increased from 25.3 in 2000 to 25.9 in 2020. After 2012, a statistically significant decrease was observed (annual percentage change (APC) = −2.3%). Similar trends were noted for standardized death rates (SDR). Among men 75 years and older, the CDR values between the years 2000 and 2005 decreased (APC = −5.9%; p < 0.05), while after 2005, they increased (1.3%; p < 0.05). The SDR value decreased from 160.6 in 2000 to 118.1 in 2020. Among women aged 65–74, the CDRs values between 2000–2020 decreased from 13.9 and 8.2 per 100,000 women. The SDR value decreased from 14.0 to 8.3, respectively (2000–2007: APC = −7.2%; p < 0.05). Among women aged 75+, the CDR value decreased from 151.5 to 111.6 per 100,000 but after 2008, they began to increase (APC = 1.9%; p < 0.05). SDR decreased from 188.9 to 98.0 per 100,000 women. Further research on the mortality in falls is needed in order to implement preventive programs.

Lodz is characterized by the highest advancement of the aging process and the highest values of negative health measures in the country. This results in the necessity to undertake intensive, multi‑sectoral and coherent actions towards the elderly, also in the area of activation. The aim of the study was to assess the opinion among Lodz Province residents on the needs for the social activation of seniors. 235 inhabitants of the Lodz Province took part in the survey conducted in 2020. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire, made available on‑line. The statistical analysis used structure indicators, measures in the field of descriptive and analytical statistics – the correlation coefficient, the χ2 independence test and the Mann‑Whitney U test. More than ⅓ of the respondents considered artistic classes to be the most attractive classes dedicated to seniors, every 4. mentioned workshops in the field of information technology. Nearly half of the respondents indicated fairs and intergenerational events as the most important events activating seniors. 8 out of 10 respondents saw the need to initiate intergenerational integration activities. Residents of larger cities indicated a higher frequency of participation of seniors in dedicated events than people living in villages and smaller towns (p < 0.05). As barriers to using senior services, the inhabitants of larger cities most often mentioned the lack of information, and the remaining respondents – problems with transport (p < 0.05). The need to initiate activities integrating generations and classes educating seniors in the area of new technologies was confirmed. Increasing digital competences among older people could contribute to increasing their independence, and thus improve the quality of life of seniors and their careers. Łódź odznacza się najwyższym poziomem zaawansowania procesu starzenia i najwyższymi wartościami negatywnych mierników stanu zdrowia w kraju. Rodzi to konieczność podejmowania intensywnych, wielosektorowych i spójnych działań wobec osób starszych, również w obszarze aktywizacji. Celem artykułu jest ocena opinii mieszkańców województwa łódzkiego na temat potrzeb z zakresu aktywizacji społecznej seniorów. W badaniu przeprowadzonym w 2020 roku wzięło udział 235 mieszkańców województwa łódzkiego. Narzędzie badawcze stanowił anonimowy kwestionariusz ankiety, udostępniony w formie elektronicznej. W analizie statystycznej wykorzystano wskaźniki struktury, miary z zakresu statystyk opisowych i analitycznych – współczynnik korelacji, test niezależności χ2 oraz test U Manna‑Whitneya. Za najatrakcyjniejsze zajęcia skierowane do seniorów ponad jedna trzecia respondentów uznała zajęcia artystyczne, a co czwarty badany wymienił warsztaty z zakresu technologii informacyjnych. Blisko połowa badanych wskazała festyny i imprezy międzypokoleniowe jako najbardziej istotne wydarzenia aktywizujące seniorów. Ośmiu na dziesięciu respondentów widziało potrzebę inicjowania działań z zakresu integracji międzypokoleniowej. Mieszkańcy większych miast częściej niż osoby zamieszkujące wsie i średnie miasta wskazywali na udział seniorów w dedykowanych im wydarzeniach (p < 0,05). Jako bariery korzystania z usług senioralnych mieszkańcy większych miast najczęściej wymieniali brak informacji, a pozostali respondenci problemy z transportem (p < 0,05). Potwierdzono potrzebę inicjowania działań integrujących pokolenia oraz zajęć edukujących seniorów w obszarze nowych technologii. Wzrost kompetencji cyfrowych wśród osób starszych mógłby przyczynić się do zwiększenia ich samodzielności, a tym samym do poprawy komfortu życia seniorów i ich opiekunów.

Statin use in many studies is related to the improvement of a patients' condition including reducing the risk of various malignancies. Herein, is a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the evidence on the association between statin therapy and the risk of the occurrence of pancreatic cancer, mainly in terms of decreased risk of developing pancreatic cancer among patients using statin therapy in the long-term perspective.PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from database inception to December 1st, 2021. Random effect models were used to estimate summary odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).A total of 26 studies comprising 2,797,186 patients were included. Polled analysis showed that pancreatic cancer occurrence in statin vs. no-statin group varied and amounted to 0.4% vs. 0.6% (RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72-0.96; I² = 84%; p = 0.01).In summary, the present analysis shows that overall statins use is significantly associated with a reduction in risk of pancreatic cancer. However, these results were not confirmed for the randomized controlled trial subgroup. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the current results.

Background: The main purposes of this meta-analysis are to update the information about the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and to investigate the impact of being infected by by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on IHCA outcomes. Methods: The current meta-analysis is an update and follows the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: In analyses, pre-and intra-COVID-19 periods were observed for: shockable rhythms in 17.6% vs. 16.2% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–1.72; p = 0.65), return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in 47.4% vs. 44.0% (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.90–2.07; p = 0.15), 30-day mortality in 59.8% vs. 60.9% (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.75–1.22; p = 0.69) and overall mortality 75.8% vs. 74.7% (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.49–1.28; p = 0.35), respectively. In analyses, SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients were observed for: shockable rhythms in 9.6% vs. 19.8% (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35–0.73; p < 0.001), ROSC in 33.9% vs. 52.1% (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.30–0.73; p < 0.001), 30-day mortality in 77.2% vs. 59.7% (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.28–3.38; p = 0.003) and overall mortality in 94.9% vs. 76.7% (OR: 3.20; 95% CI: 0.98–10.49; p = 0.05), respectively. Conclusions: Despite ROSC, 30-day and overall mortality rate were not statistically different in prevs. intra-COVID-19 periods, a lower incidence of ROSC and higher 20-day mortality rate were observed in SARS-CoV-2 (+) compared to SARS-CoV-2 (–) patients. (Cardiol J 2021; 28, 6: 816–824).

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with poor prognosis. Because the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted mortality and morbidity, both on an individual level and the health care system as a whole, our purpose was to determine rates of OHCA survival since the onset of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of COVID-19 on OHCA survival outcomes according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched the literature using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials databases from inception to September 2021 and identified 1775 potentially relevant studies, of which thirty-one articles totaling 88,188 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods was 12.3% vs. 8.9%, respectively (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.06–1.87; p < 0.001). Survival to hospital discharge in pre- vs. intra-COVID-19 periods was 11.5% vs. 8.2% (OR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.37–1.79; p < 0.001). A similar dependency was observed in the case of survival to hospital discharge with the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1–2 (6.7% vs. 4.0%; OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.35–2.15; p < 0.001), as well as in the 30-day survival rate (9.2% vs. 6.4%; OR = 1.63; 95%CI: 1.13–2.36; p = 0.009). In conclusion, prognosis of OHCA is usually poor and even worse during COVID-19.