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Today, more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, and this percentage is increasing every day. Accelerated urbanization leads to overbuilding, air and environmental pollution, climate change, and various other environmental problems. One of the ways to solve these problems is the planning of green infrastructure (GI). The development of GI brings a number of social, ecological, and economic benefits, and it is one of the ways to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is important to include GI in land management systems. This study used VOSviewer to analyze 4385 published papers in the field of GI and 110 studies on GI in combination with land management, land administration, LADM, and land use planning from the WoS database for the periods from 1995 to 2022 and from 2007 to 2022, respectively. The current research used the bibliometric method to see what the trends are in GI and how much GI has been researched for the purpose of land management. It was shown that researchers are giving more and more importance to GI, but GI in land management systems is still not sufficiently researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragmented agricultural land raises the costs of agricultural production. The land fragmentation manifests as a large number of relatively small and spatially divided land parcels of each owner. Additionally, the parcels are often very irregular in shape, which hinders an effective application of modern agricultural machinery. A land consolidation procedure, i.e., regrouping and merging partitioned agricultural land into larger andmore regular parcels, and simultaneously arranging road and canal networks, enables a significant improvement in the conditions of agricultural production. The basis for conducting land consolidation is the legal framework. Multi-annual and annual plans are to specify priority areas for conducting consolidation. These plans should take into consideration the costs and benefits of land consolidation. To ascertain this, it is necessary to determine areas suitable for consolidation and express their qualitative features in a quantitative manner. The aim of this paper is to explore possibilities of using the official register's data to broad selection of land consolidation priority areas. To rank the chosen spatial units, various indicators have been selected and calculated at the state level. Multi-criteria analyses are commonly used as a tool for selection of the optimal solution scenario, using possibly conflicting indicators andmeasures. The paper used three differentmulti-criteriamethods to determine Cadastral municipalities rankings. These rankings could be used by national agricultural or other spatial planning agencies to increase transparency and effectiveness through information-based decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sažetak: Model masovnog vrednovanja na državnoj razini mora biti funkcionalan, praktično primjenljiv, konzistentan i prilagodljiv stvarnim uvjetima i trendovima tržišta nekretnina. Sagledavanje utjecaja položaja na vrijednost nekretnine u pojedinoj prostOrnoj jedinici, kao i opisivanje navedene prostorne jedinice dovoljnim brojem atributa u svrhu utvrđivanja veze između vrijednosti tih atributa i prosječne cijene nekretnina te prostorne jedinice, jedan je od važnih zadataka u modeliranju sustava masovnog vrednovanja nekretnina. Rad na osnovi testne implementacije sustava masovnog vrednovanja za područje dijela općina u Republici Srbiji izvodi zaključke o prikladnosti upotrebe metode masovnog vrednovanja zasnovane na principima logičke agregacije i zaključivanja na osnovi slučaja. Vrijednosti položajnih karakteristika, odnosno čimbenika vrednovanja prostornih jedinica određene su prostornim analizama uz pomoć GIS-a, prema uspostavljenom sustavu višekriterijskog vrednovanja. Korišteni pristup omogućava da se vrijednost određena modelom ne čuva kao „offline" podatak, nego da se svaki put kada je takav podatak nužan, on određuje po predloženoj metodologiji, a na osnovi stvarnih - ažurnih podataka iz baza podataka službenih upisnika podataka o prostoru. Prije navedenoga, potrebno je zadovoljiti sve postavljene preduvjete, a to su distribuirane baze podataka službenih upisnika podataka o nekretninama, te ostalih čimbenika potrebnih u postupku masovnog vrednovanja. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of mass valuation at the national level must be functional, practically applicable, consistent and adaptable to actual conditions and real estate market trends. A consideration of the influence of location on real estate value in a spatial unit, and a description of spatial units with a sufficient number of attributes to determine a connection between the value of these attributes and the average price of real estate in a spatial unit, are important tasks in modelling a system of mass real estate valuation. This paper, based on a test implementation of mass real estate valuation for an area covering a number of municipalities in the Republic of Serbia, offers conclusions on the suitability of the use of a mass valuation method grounded in the principles of logical aggregation and case based reasoning. The values of location characteristics, or factors of spatial unit valuation, were determined in spatial analyses employing GIS, according to an established system of multicriteria valuation. This approach ensures that a model-defined value is not stored as offline data, but that each time such data is needed, it can be determined following the proposed methodology, based on actual, updated data from the databases of official spatial data registries, Prior to this, it is necessary to meet all the required prerequisites, which include the distributed databases of official real estate data registries and other factors needed in the mass valuation procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Učinkovito upravljanje prostornim resursima jedan je od glavnih čimbenika zdravoga gospodarskog rasta regije. Tehnološki napredak omogućava integraciju atributa vezanih uz prostor, stvarajući prostornu informacijsku podršku koja može servisirati sve kompleksnije društvene zajednice. Važna je komponenta tih sustava masovno vrednovanje nekretnina, posebice u urbanim područjima. U radu je, nakon objašnjenja modeliranja podataka te pohrane 3D modela prostora testnog područja u prostornu bazu podataka, opisan postupak računanja vidljivosti kao čimbenika vrednovanja nekretnina na području dijela grada Zagreba. Vidljivost je u radu predstavljena poligonom vidljivosti, dvodimenzionalnim geometrijskim likom, dobivenim presijecanjem neprekinute granice vidljivosti u svim smjerovima iz težišta objekta, uzimajući u obzir presjek horizontalne vizure i prepreka. Svakoj pojedinoj građevini na cijelom testnom području pridružen je pripadajući poligon vidljivosti, a pretpostavlja se kako je površinu tog poligona moguće korelirati s pozitivnim, odnosno negativnim utjecajem na vrijednost nekretnine. Obavljena su mjerenja brzine izvođenja funkcije računanja vidljivosti u testnom sustavu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient management of space resources is one of the main factors of prosperous economic development of an area. Technological development enables an integration of attributes linked to space, creating a spatial informational support for increasingly more complex social communities. An important component of these systems is mass real estate valuation, especially in urban areas. The paper explains data modelling and storage of a 3D test area space model into a spatial database and describes a procedure of visibility calculation as a real estate valuation factor for a part of the City of Zagreb. In the paper, visibility is presented as a visibility polygon, a two-dimensional geometric shape drawn by intersecting a continuous visibility border in all directions from the object weight centre, considering the intersection of horizontal vision and obstacles. A matching visibility polygon is attached to each building in the whole test area, under the assumption that the polygon area can be correlated to a positive or negative influence on real estate value. The speed of the visibility calculation function in the test system was measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Učinkovito upravljanje prostornim resursima jedan je od glavnih čimbenika zdravoga gospodarskog rasta regije. Tehnološki napredak omogućava integraciju atributa vezanih uz prostor, stvarajući prostornu informacijsku podršku koja može servisirati sve kom-pleksnije društvene zajednice. Važna je komponenta tih sustava masovno vrednovanje nekretnina, posebice u urbanim područjima. U radu je, nakon objašnjenja modeliranja podataka te pohrane 3D modela prostora testnog područja u prostornu bazu podataka, opisan postupak računanja vidljivosti kao čimbenika vrednovanja nekretnina na području dijela grada Zagreba. Vidljivost je u radu predstavljena poligonom vidljivosti, dvodimenzionalnim geometrijskim likom, dobivenim presijecanjem neprekinute granice vidljivosti u svim smjerovima iz težišta objekta, uzimajući u obzir presjek horizontalne vizure i prepreka. Svakoj pojedinoj građevini na cijelom testnom području pridružen je pripadajući poligon vidljivosti, a pretpostavlja se kako je površinu tog poligona moguće korelirati s pozitivnim, odnosno negativnim utjecajem na vrijednost nekretnine. Obavljena su mjerenja brzine izvođenja funkcije računanja vidljivosti u testnom sustavu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient management of space resources is one of the main factors of prosperous economic development of an area. Technological development enables an integration of attributes linked to space, creating a spatial informational support for increasingly more complex social communities. An important component of these systems is mass real estate valuation, especially in urban areas. The paper explains data modelling and storage of a 3D test area space model into a spatial database and describes a procedure of visibility calculation as a real estate valuation factor for a part of the City of Zagreb. In the paper, visibility is presented as a visibility polygon, a two-dimensional geometric shape drawn by intersecting a continuous visibility border in all directions from the object weight centre, considering the intersection of horizontal vision and obstacles. A matching visibility polygon is attached to each building in the whole test area, under the assumption that the polygon area can be correlated to a positive or negative influence on real estate value. The speed of the visibility calculation function in the test system was measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Izgradnja infrastrukture prostornih podataka podrazumijeva poboljšanje postojeće infrastrukture koje se može definirati kao niz aktivnosti kojima je cilj olakšavanje pristupa postojećim prostornim podacima i njihova šira diseminacija te bolje, jednostavnije i učinkovitije korištenje. S obzirom na značaj i koristi koje nacionalna infrastruktura prostornih podataka ima za cijelo društvo, to poboljšanje treba razmatrati kao javni projekt trajnoga karaktera. U ovom je radu dan pregled planiranja i provedbe takvog projekta kao jedan od mogućih načina poboljšanja postojeće nacionalne infrastrukture prostornih podataka u Hrvatskoj. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a spatial data infrastructure means improving the existing one and can be defined as a number of activities aiming at easter access to and wider dissemination of the existing spatial data, and easter and more efficient use of them. Considering importance and benefits of the spatial data infrastructure for the whole society, the improvement should be seen as a public project of permanent character. This paper gives a theoretical overview of planning and implementation of such project, as a possible model of improving the existing national spatial data infrastructure in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing methods of assessing land fragmentation (LF) are mainly based on analysis of parameters at the level of plots and individual farms. However, existing methods appear to be insufficient in the assessment of the spatial structure of land at the regional and national levels. The aim of the research is to propose an effective way of comparing the land fragmentation parameters that determine the profitability of agriculture. To estimate the parameters of large-area land fragmentation, data on the spatial distribution of rural settlements and on average land fragmentation parameters were used. A grid-based structure was employed. The grid cell size represents the average size of plots, whereas the numerical values associated with grid cells represent the minimum distances of plots from farm buildings. Using the aforementioned grid and data on the impact on operating costs of plot size and distance from settlements, spatial indicators were obtained that show the diversity of economic costs related to the examined land fragmentation parameters. The obtained results showed a very large variation in the operating conditions of the farms, depending on the LF parameters. The average size of cultivated fields ranges from 0.5 ha (Pakistan) to 67.2 ha (Slovakia), while the average distance of plots from farm buildings ranges from 334 m (China) to 2781 m (Turkey), although the maximum observed values for straight-line distances significantly exceed 7 km, and this value increases to 10 km when the orthogonal layout of roads is taken into account. The density of field boundaries varies from 250 m/ha to over 3500 m/ha, and the associated estimated loss of cultivated area may reach 1.5% of the total cultivated land area (Pakistan). In economic terms, the variability in land cultivation costs related to the size of plots and their distance from buildings varies from 535 EUR/ha/year (Slovakia) to 1412 EUR/ha/year (Greece), which indicates a nearly threefold difference in this aspect. The proposed approach should facilitate an assessment of the competitiveness of agriculture in individual countries. It can also be used when planning land consolidation projects, assessing the risks associated with land abandonment, estimating the negative impact on the environment of fossil fuel combustion effects in agriculture, and determining the impact of land fragmentation parameters on poverty and migration phenomena in rural areas. [Display omitted] • Land fragmentation parameters and cost of land cultivation for areas in 15 countries in Europe and Asia were examined. • The average field size varied from 0.5 ha to more than 67 ha. • The average distance of fields from farm buildings ranged from 334 to 2781 m. • The estimated variation in the average cost of land cultivation in the surveyed group of countries was over 260%. • Differences in land fragmentation parameters may determine the competitiveness of agriculture in various countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]