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1. The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state.

Author

Ralph, J, Ross, J, Zylstra, A, Kritcher, A, Robey, H, Young, C, Hurricane, O, Pak, A, Callahan, D, Baker, K, Casey, D, Döppner, T, Divol, L, Hohenberger, M, Pape, S, Patel, P, Tommasini, R, Ali, S, Amendt, P, Atherton, L, Bachmann, B, Bailey, D, Benedetti, L, Berzak Hopkins, L, Betti, R, Bhandarkar, S, Biener, J, Bionta, R, Birge, N, Bond, E, Bradley, D, Braun, T, Briggs, T, Bruhn, M, Celliers, P, Chang, B, Chapman, T, Chen, H, Choate, C, Christopherson, A, Clark, D, Crippen, J, Dewald, E, Dittrich, T, Edwards, M, Farmer, W, Field, J, Fittinghoff, D, Frenje, J, Gaffney, J, Gatu Johnson, M, Glenzer, S, Grim, G, Haan, S, Hahn, K, Hall, G, Hammel, B, Harte, J, Hartouni, E, Heebner, J, Hernandez, V, Herrmann, H, Herrmann, M, Hinkel, D, Ho, D, Holder, J, Hsing, W, Huang, H, Humbird, K, Izumi, N, Jarrott, L, Jeet, J, Jones, O, Kerbel, G, Kerr, S, Khan, S, Kilkenny, J, Kim, Y, Geppert-Kleinrath, H, Geppert-Kleinrath, V, Kong, C, Koning, J, Kroll, J, Kruse, M, Kustowski, B, Landen, O, Langer, S, Larson, D, Lemos, N, Lindl, J, Ma, T, MacDonald, M, MacGowan, B, Mackinnon, A, MacLaren, S, MacPhee, A, Marinak, M, Mariscal, D, Marley, E, and Masse, L

Abstract

Indirect Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have achieved a burning plasma state with neutron yields exceeding 170 kJ, roughly 3 times the prior record and a necessary stage for igniting plasmas. The results are achieved despite multiple sources of degradations that lead to high variability in performance. Results shown here, for the first time, include an empirical correction factor for mode-2 asymmetry in the burning plasma regime in addition to previously determined corrections for radiative mix and mode-1. Analysis shows that including these three corrections alone accounts for the measured fusion performance variability in the two highest performing experimental campaigns on the NIF to within error. Here we quantify the performance sensitivity to mode-2 symmetry in the burning plasma regime and apply the results, in the form of an empirical correction to a 1D performance model. Furthermore, we find the sensitivity to mode-2 determined through a series of integrated 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations to be consistent with the experimentally determined sensitivity only when including alpha-heating.

Published
2024

3. Experiments conducted in the burning plasma regime with inertial fusion implosions

Author

Ross, J. S., Ralph, J. E., Zylstra, A. B., Kritcher, A. L., Robey, H. F., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Doeppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. Le, Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Kleinrath, H. Geppert, Kleinrath, V. Geppert, Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J. -M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

An experimental program is currently underway at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to compress deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel to densities and temperatures sufficient to achieve fusion and energy gain. The primary approach being investigated is indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF), where a high-Z radiation cavity (a hohlraum) is heated by lasers, converting the incident energy into x-ray radiation which in turn drives the DT fuel filled capsule causing it to implode. Previous experiments reported DT fuel gain exceeding unity [O.A. Hurricane et al., Nature 506, 343 (2014)] and then exceeding the kinetic energy of the imploding fuel [S. Le Pape et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 245003 (2018)]. We report on recent experiments that have achieved record fusion neutron yields on NIF, greater than 100 kJ with momentary fusion powers exceeding 1PW, and have for the first time entered the burning plasma regime where fusion alpha-heating of the fuel exceeds the energy delivered to the fuel via compression. This was accomplished by increasing the size of the high-density carbon (HDC) capsule, increasing energy coupling, while controlling symmetry and implosion design parameters. Two tactics were successful in controlling the radiation flux symmetry and therefore the implosion symmetry: transferring energy between laser cones via plasma waves, and changing the shape of the hohlraum. In conducting these experiments, we controlled for known sources of degradation. Herein we show how these experiments were performed to produce record performance, and demonstrate the data fidelity leading us to conclude that these shots have entered the burning plasma regime.

Published
2021

4. Comparing neutron and X-ray images from NIF implosions

Author

Wilson D.C., Aragonez R.J., Archuleta T.N., Atkinson D.P., Barrios M.A., Batha S.H., Bower D.E., Bradley D.K., Buckles R.A., Clark D.D., Clark D.S., Clark D.J., Cradick J.R., Danly C.R., Day R.D., Dzenitis J.M., Drury O.B., Fatherley V.E., Felker B., Finch J.P., Fittinghoff D.N., Frank M., Gallegos R.A., Garcia F.P., Glenn S.M., Grim G.P., Guler N., Hsu A.H., Izumi N., Jaramillo S.A., Jones O.S., Kaufman M.I., Kilkenny J.D., Kyrala G.A., Pape S. Le, Liddick S.N., Loomis E.N., Lutz S.S., Ma T., Mackinnon A.J., Malone R.M., Mares D., Marinak M.M., Martinson D.D., McKenty P., Meezan N.S., Merrill F.E., Moran M.J., Morgan G.L., Munson C., Munro D.H., Murphy T.J., Oertel J.A., Patel M.V., Polk P.J., Regan S., Roberson G.P., Schmidt D.W., Sepke S.M., Spears B.K., Tommasini R., Town R., Traille A., Tregillis I.L., Valdez A.C., Volegov P.L., Wang T.-S.F., Weiss P., Wilde C.H., and Wilke M.D.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Directly laser driven and X-radiation driven DT filled capsules differ in the relationship between neutron and X-ray images. Shot N110217, a directly driven DT-filled glass micro-balloon provided the first neutron images at the National Ignition Facility. As seen in implosions on the Omega laser, the neutron image can be enclosed inside time integrated X-ray images. HYDRA simulations show the X-ray image is dominated by emission from the hot glass shell while the neutron image arises from the DT fuel it encloses. In the absence of mix or jetting, X-ray images of a cryogenically layered THD fuel capsule should be dominated by emission from the hydrogen rather than the cooler plastic shell that is separated from the hot core by cold DT fuel. This cool, dense DT, invisible in X-ray emission, shows itself by scattering hot core neutrons. Germanium X-ray emission spectra and Ross pair filtered X-ray energy resolved images suggest that germanium doped plastic emits in the torus shaped hot spot, probably reducing the neutron yield.

Published
2013
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5. Volumetric heating of nanowire arrays to keV temperatures using kilojoule-scale petawatt laser interactions

Author

Hill, M. P., Humphries, O., Royle, R., Williams, B., Ramsay, M. G., Miscampbell, A., Allan, P., Brown, C. R. D., Hobbs, L. M. R., James, S. F., Hoarty, D. J., Marjoribanks, R. S., Park, J., London, R. A., Tommasini, R., Pukhov, A., Bargsten, C., Hollinger, R., Shlyaptsev, V. N., Capeluto, M. G., Rocca, J. J., and Vinko, S. M.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We present picosecond-resolution streaked K-shell spectra from 400 nm-diameter nickel nanowire arrays, demonstrating the ability to generate large volumes of high energy density plasma when combined with the longer pulses typical of the largest short pulse lasers. After irradiating the wire array with 100 J, 600 fs ultra-high-contrast laser pulses focussed to $>10^{20}$ W/cm$^{2}$ at the Orion laser facility, we combine atomic kinetics modeling of the streaked spectra with 2D collisional particle-in-cell simulations to describe the evolution of material conditions within these samples for the first time. We observe a three-fold enhancement of helium-like emission compared to a flat foil in a near-solid-density plasma sustaining keV temperatures for tens of picoseconds, the result of strong electric return currents heating the wires and causing them to explode and collide., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020

6. Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime

Author

Kritcher, A. L., Young, C. V., Robey, H. F., Weber, C. R., Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Ralph, J. E., Ross, J. S., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Clark, D. S., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J. A., Gaffney, J. A., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kruse, M. K. G., Kroll, J. J., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Trosseille, C., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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7. Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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8. The first cryogenic DT layered, beryllium capsule implosion at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Wilson, D. C., Kline, J. L., Yi, S. A., Simakov, A. N., Kyrala, G. A., Olson, R. E., Perry, T. S., Merrill, F. E., Batha, S., Zylstra, A. B., Callahan, D. A., Cassata, W., Dewald, E. L., Haan, S. W., Hinkel, D. E., Hurricane, O. A., Izumi, N., Ma, T., MacPhee, A. G., Milovich, J. L., Ralph, J. E., Rygg, J. R., Schneider, M. B., Sepke, S., Strozzi, D. J., Tommasini, R., Yeamans, C., Rinderknecht, H. G., and Sio, B. H.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

NIF experiments with Be capsules have followed a path of the highly successful "high-foot" CH capsules. Several keyhole and ConA targets preceeded a DT layered shot. In addition to backscatter subtraction, laser drive multipliers were needed to match observed X-ray drives. Those for the picket (0.95), trough (1.0) and second pulse (0.80) were determined by VISAR measurements. The time dependence of the Dante total x-ray flux and its fraction > 1.8 keV reflect the time dependence of the multipliers. A two step drive multiplier for the main pulse can match implosion times, but Dante measurements suggest the drive multiplier must increase late in time. With a single set of time dependent, multi-level multipliers the Dante data are well matched. These same third pulse drive multipliers also match the implosion times and Dante signals for two CH capsule DT. One discrepancy in the calculations is the X-ray flux in the picket. Calculations over-estimate the flux > 1.8 keV by a factor of ~100, while getting the total flux correctly. These harder X-rays cause an expansion of the Be/fuel interface of 2-3 km/s before the arrival of the first shock. VISAR measurements show only 0.2 to 0.3 km/s. The X-ray drive on the DT Be capsule was further degraded by a random decrease of 9% in the total picket flux. This small change caused the capsule fuel to change from an adiabat of 1.8 to 2.3 by mistiming of the first and second shocks. With this shock tuning and adjustments to the calculation, the first NIF Be capsule implosion achieved 29% of calculated yield, comparable to the CH DT capsules of 68% and 21%. Inclusion of a large M1 asymmetry in the DT ice layer and mixing from instability growth may help explain this final degradation. In summary when driven similarly the Be capsules performed like CH capsules. Performance degradation for both seems to be dominated by drive and capsule asymmetries.

Published
2017

9. Absolute Equation-of-State Measurement for Polystyrene from 25 to 60 Mbar Using a Spherically Converging Shock Wave

Author

Doeppner, T., Swift, D.C., Kritcher, A.L., Bachmann, B., Collins, G.W., Chapman, D.A., Hawreliak, J., Kraus, D., Nilsen, J., Rothman, S., Benedict, L.X., Dewald, E., Fratanduono, D.E., Gaffney, J.A., Glenzer, S.H., Hamel, S., Landen, O.L., Lee, H.J., LePape, S., Ma, T., MacDonald, M.J., MacPhee, A.G., Milathianaki, D., Millot, M., Neumayer, P., Sterne, P.A., Tommasini, R., and Falcone, R.W.

Subjects
high-energy-density plasmas
Abstract

We have developed an experimental platform for the National Ignition Facility that uses spherically converging shock waves for absolute equation-of-state (EOS) measurements along the principal Hugoniot. In this Letter, we present one indirect-drive implosion experiment with a polystyrene sample that employs radiographic compression measurements over a range of shock pressures reaching up to 60 Mbar (6 TPa). This significantly exceeds previously published results obtained on the Nova laser [R. Cauble et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1248 (1998)] at a strongly improved precision, allowing us to discriminate between different EOS models. We find excellent agreement with Kohn-Sham density-functional-theory-based molecular dynamics simulations.

Published
2018

10. Design of the first fusion experiment to achieve target energy gain G>1

Author

Kritcher, A. L., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Divol, L., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Humbird, K., additional, Jones, O., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, Maclaren, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Allen, A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Braun, T., additional, Brunton, G., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Chapman, T., additional, Choate, C., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Haan, S., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Kur, E., additional, Kustowski, B., additional, Kong, C., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Larson, D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Marinak, M., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Pak, A., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Suratwala, T. I., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Town, R., additional, Woodworth, B., additional, Van Wonterghem, B., additional, and Wild, C., additional

Published
2024
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11. Observations and properties of the first laboratory fusion experiment to exceed a target gain of unity

Author

Pak, A., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Divol, L., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Aybar, N., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Aghaian, L., additional, Allen, A., additional, Baxamusa, S. H., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Crippen, J. W., additional, Danly, C., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Durocher, M., additional, Erickson, M., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, Freeman, M., additional, Havre, M., additional, Hayes, S., additional, Hilsabeck, T., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Humbird, K. D., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kim, Y. H., additional, Kong, C., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Suratwala, T., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Van Wonterghem, B., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Wild, C., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Wooddy, P. T., additional, Woodworth, B. N., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2024
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12. Measurement of mix at the fuel–ablator interface in indirectly driven capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Hall, G. N., primary, Weber, C. R., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Pak, A., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Marley, E., additional, Ebert, T., additional, Bradley, D. K., additional, Hsing, W., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Pape, S. Le, additional, Divol, L., additional, Krauland, C. M., additional, Thompson, N., additional, Casco, E. R., additional, Ayers, M. J., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Carpenter, A. C., additional, Hurd, E. R., additional, Dayton, M. S., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, and Holder, J. P., additional

Published
2024
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13. What next: Further implosion space exploration on the path to NIF extended yield capability.

Author

Landen, O. L., Nora, R. C., Lindl, J. D., Kritcher, A. L., Haan, S. W., Rosen, M. D., Pak, A., Divol, L., Baker, K. L., Amendt, P. A., Ho, D. D.-M., Milovich, J. L., Ralph, J. E., Clark, D. S., Humbird, K. D., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C. R., Tommasini, R., Casey, D. T., and Young, C. V.

Subjects
INERTIAL confinement fusion, IMPLOSIONS, SPACE exploration, KINETIC energy, ABLATIVE materials
Abstract

We present quantitative motivations and assessments of various proposed and ongoing directions to further improving yields and target gain of igniting indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These include increasing compression and confinement time, improving hohlraum and ablator efficiency, and further increasing peak power and laser energy. 1D hydroscaled simulations, augmented by analytic 1D theory, have been used to project yield improvements for each of these implosion optimization tracks, normalized to the best current performing 4 MJ shot. At current NIF capabilities of 2.2 MJ, 450 TW, we project several paths could reach 15 MJ yield levels. We also expect several key implosion physics questions will be addressed in attempting to reach this yield level. These include demonstrating to what extent lower adiabat designs leading to higher compression will increase gain and efficiency, and whether we can reduce residual kinetic energy and ablator-fuel mix that is probably limiting the current burn-up fraction. For an envisaged NIF upgrade to EL = 3 MJ at fixed 450 TW peak power, scaling capsule size and fuel thicknesses faster than pure hydroscaling should allow for yields that could reach up to 60–80 MJ, depending on the efficiency gains realized in increasing deuterium-tritium fuel thickness, reducing hohlraum losses, and switching to lower Z ablators. The laser-plasma instability and beam transmission scaling in these larger hohlraums is shown to be favorable if the spot size is increased with hohlraum scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Increased compression in HDC-based ablator implosions using modified drive profile

Author

Tommasini, R., primary, Casey, D. T., additional, Clark, D., additional, Do, A., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Weber, C., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Kerr, S., additional, Krauland, C., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Millot, M., additional, Milovich, J., additional, Nora, R. C., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, Schlossberg, D., additional, Woodworth, B., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Holunga, D. M., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, and Stadermann, M., additional

Published
2023
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15. Measurements of improved stability to achieve higher fuel compression in ICF

Author

Do, A., primary, Casey, D. T., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Chapman, T. D, additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Divol, L., additional, Fathi, G., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Holunga, D. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Millot, M., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Woodworth, B. N., additional, Yanagisawa, D. K., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Danly, C. R., additional, Durocher, M., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Meaney, K. D, additional, Wilde, C. H., additional, Johnson, M. Gatu, additional, Allen, A., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Kong, C., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, and Wild, C., additional

Published
2023
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16. Direct asymmetry measurement of temperature and density spatial distributions in inertial confinement fusion plasmas from pinhole space-resolved spectra

Author

Nagayama, T., Mancini, R. C., Florido, R., Mayes, D., Tommasini, R., Koch, J. A., Delettrez, J. A., Regan, S. P., and Smalyuk, V. A.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Two-dimensional space-resolved temperature and density images of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosion core have been diagnosed for the first time. Argon-doped, direct-drive ICF experiments were performed at the Omega Laser Facility and a collection of two-dimensional space-resolved spectra were obtained from an array of gated, spectrally resolved pinhole images recorded by a multi-monochromatic x-ray imager. Detailed spectral analysis revealed asymmetries of the core not just in shape and size but in the temperature and density spatial distributions, thus characterizing the core with an unprecedented level of detail., Comment: Published online 7 May 2014

Published
2014
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18. Dynamics and Power Balance of Near Unity Target Gain Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions

Author

Pak, A., primary, Divol, L., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Doeppner, T., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, H., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J., additional, Kerr, S., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Lamb, K., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Meaney, K. D., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, and Town, R. P. J., additional

Published
2023
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19. Publisher Correction: Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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22. Publisher's Note: “First graded metal pushered single shell capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility” [Phys. Plasmas 29, 052707 (2022)]

Author

Dewald, E. L., primary, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Martinez, D. A., additional, Pino, J. E., additional, Tipton, R. E., additional, Ho, D. D.-M., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Horwood, C., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Millot, M., additional, Vazsonyi, A. R., additional, Vonhof, S., additional, Mellos, G., additional, Johnson, S., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Graziani, F., additional, Monzon, E. R., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Alessi, D., additional, Ayers, S., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Holder, J., additional, Kalantar, D., additional, MacKinnon, A. J., additional, Okui, J., additional, Prantil, M., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M., additional, Lanier, T., additional, Thomas, A., additional, Yang, S., additional, Xu, H. W., additional, Huang, H., additional, Bae, J., additional, Kong, C. W., additional, Rice, N., additional, Wang, Y. M., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2023
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23. Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility

Author

Baker, K. L., primary, Thomas, C. A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Haan, S., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Young, C., additional, Nora, R., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Jones, O., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Khan, S., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Meezan, N. B., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Hinkel, D., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Weber, C., additional, Clark, D., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Strozzi, D., additional, Kritcher, A., additional, Robey, H. F., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Amendt, P. A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Benedetti, L. R., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Goyon, C., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Kyrala, G., additional, Ma, T., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Turnbull, D., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Yeamans, C., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2023
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24. Alpha heating of indirect-drive layered implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Baker, K. L., primary, MacLaren, S., additional, Jones, O., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Nora, R., additional, Divol, L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Anderson, G. J., additional, Gaffney, J., additional, Kruse, M., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Christopherson, A. R., additional, Salmonson, J., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Weber, C., additional, Clark, D., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Khan, S., additional, Woods, T., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Berger, R. L., additional, Strozzi, D., additional, Kritcher, A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Benedetti, R., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Kyrala, G., additional, Ma, T., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Pak, A., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Yeamans, C., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2023
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25. Relativistic nanophotonics: creating extreme environments with ultrafast ultra-intense lasers and nanostructures

Author

Rocca, J.J., primary, Hollinger, R., additional, Wang, S., additional, Capeluto, M., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Clark, J., additional, Shepherd, R., additional, Emig, J., additional, Magee, E., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Nedbailo, R., additional, Song, H., additional, Pukhov, A., additional, and Shlyaptsev, V. N, additional

Published
2023
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27. FY19 LLNL Experimental Programs at Omega

Author

Heeter, R., primary, Albert, F., additional, Ali, S., additional, Benedetti, L., additional, Candeias Lemos, N., additional, Chen, H., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Fernandez Panella, A., additional, Fratanduono, D., additional, Ginnane, M., additional, Gorman, M., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Jiang, S., additional, Kemp, G., additional, Khan, S., additional, King, P., additional, Krygier, A., additional, Lazicki, A., additional, Ma, T., additional, MacDonald, M., additional, Mariscal, D., additional, Marley, E., additional, Marshall, M., additional, Martinez, D., additional, Millot, M., additional, Palmer, C., additional, Park, H., additional, Park, J., additional, Perez Callejo, G., additional, Ping, Y., additional, Pollock, B., additional, Poole, P., additional, Ralph, J., additional, Saunders, A., additional, Swadling, G., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Widmann, K., additional, Zylstra, A., additional, Landen, O., additional, Hsing, W., additional, and Wan, A., additional

Published
2019
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30. Yield degradation mechanisms for two-shock capsules evaluated through simulations

Author

Bradley, P. A., primary, Haines, B. M., additional, Kyrala, G. A., additional, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Salmonson, J. D., additional, Pino, J. E., additional, Mackay, K. K., additional, Peterson, R. R., additional, Yi, A., additional, Yin, L., additional, Olson, R. E., additional, Krasheninnikova, N., additional, Batha, S. H., additional, Kline, J. L., additional, Sauppe, J. P., additional, Finnegan, S. M., additional, Pak, A., additional, Ma, T., additional, Dittrich, T. R., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Sayre, D., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Field, J. E., additional, Masse, L., additional, Tipton, R. E., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, Benedetti, L. R., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Bradley, D. K., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Kervin, P., additional, Yeamans, C., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Turnbull, D. P., additional, Chen, K. C., additional, and Hoover, D. E., additional

Published
2022
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31. Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Zylstra, A. B., primary, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Pak, A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Gharibyan, N., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Huang, H., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Jones, O., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Kong, C., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Newman, K., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Rice, N. G., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Tubman, E. R., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Wild, C., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, Yang, S. T., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2022
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32. Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition

Author

Kritcher, A. L., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Pak, A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Gharibyan, N., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Huang, H., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Jones, O., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Kong, C., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Newman, K., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Rice, N. G., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Tubman, E. R., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Wild, C., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, and Yang, S. T., additional

Published
2022
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34. FY18 LLNL Experimental Programs at Omega

Author

Heeter, R F, primary, Ali, S J, additional, Benedetti, L R, additional, Bernier, J V, additional, Chen, H, additional, Coppari, F, additional, Elgin, L, additional, Fernandez-Panella, A, additional, Gumbrell, E, additional, Hua, R, additional, Huntington, C M, additional, Jiang, S, additional, Kemp, G E, additional, Khan, S F, additional, Krygier, A, additional, Kuranz, C, additional, Lazicki, A E, additional, Lemos, N, additional, MacDonald, M J, additional, Mariscal, D, additional, Marley, E V, additional, Marshall, M C, additional, Martinez, D A, additional, McNaney, J M, additional, Millot, M A, additional, Ping, Y, additional, Pollock, B B, additional, Poole, P L, additional, Rinderknecht, H G, additional, Rubery, M, additional, Saunders, A M, additional, Smith, R F, additional, Swadling, G F, additional, Tommasini, R, additional, Widmann, K, additional, Williams, G J, additional, Landen, O L, additional, Hsing, W W, additional, and Wan, A S, additional

Published
2018
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35. Hydroscaling indirect-drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Baker, K. L., primary, Jones, O., additional, Weber, C., additional, Clark, D., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Nora, R., additional, Anderson, G. J., additional, Gaffney, J., additional, MacLaren, S., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Salmonson, J., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Khan, S., additional, Zylstra, A., additional, Kritcher, A., additional, Amendt, P., additional, Smalyuk, V., additional, Lindl, J., additional, Young, C., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Ho, D., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Woods, T., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2022
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36. Exploring implosion designs for increased compression on the National Ignition Facility using high density carbon ablators

Author

Clark, D. S., primary, Casey, D. T., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Jones, O. S., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Divol, L., additional, Do, A., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Millot, M., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, and Edwards, M. J., additional

Published
2022
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37. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment

Author

Abu-Shawareb, H, Acree, R, Adams, P, Adams, J, Addis, B, Aden, R, Adrian, P, Afeyan, BB, Aggleton, M, Aghaian, L, Aguirre, A, Aikens, D, Akre, J, Albert, F, Albrecht, M, Albright, BJ, Albritton, J, Alcala, J, Alday, C, Alessi, DA, Alexander, N, Alfonso, J, Alfonso, N, Alger, E, Ali, SJ, Ali, ZA, Alley, WE, Amala, P, Amendt, PA, Amick, P, Ammula, S, Amorin, C, Ampleford, DJ, Anderson, RW, Anklam, T, Antipa, N, Appelbe, B, Aracne-Ruddle, C, Araya, E, Arend, M, Arnold, P, Arnold, T, Asay, J, Atherton, LJ, Atkinson, D, Atkinson, R, Auerbach, JM, Austin, B, Auyang, L, Awwal, AS, Ayers, J, Ayers, S, Ayers, T, Azevedo, S, Bachmann, B, Back, CA, Bae, J, Bailey, DS, Bailey, J, Baisden, T, Baker, KL, Baldis, H, Barber, D, Barberis, M, Barker, D, Barnes, A, Barnes, CW, Barrios, MA, Barty, C, Bass, I, Batha, SH, Baxamusa, SH, Bazan, G, Beagle, JK, Beale, R, Beck, BR, Beck, JB, Bedzyk, M, Beeler, RG, Behrendt, W, Belk, L, Bell, P, Belyaev, M, Benage, JF, Bennett, G, Benedetti, LR, Benedict, LX, Berger, R, Bernat, T, Bernstein, LA, Berry, B, Bertolini, L, Besenbruch, G, Betcher, J, Bettenhausen, R, Betti, R, Bezzerides, B, Bhandarkar, SD, Bickel, R, Biener, J, Biesiada, T, Bigelow, K, Bigelow-Granillo, J, Bigman, V, Bionta, RM, Birge, NW, Bitter, M, Black, AC, Bleile, R, Bleuel, DL, Bliss, E, Blue, B, Boehly, T, Boehm, K, Boley, CD, Bonanno, R, Bond, EJ, Bond, T, Bonino, MJ, Borden, M, Bourgade, J-L, Bousquet, J, Bowers, J, Bowers, M, Boyd, R, Bozek, A, Bradley, DK, Bradley, KS, Bradley, PA, Bradley, L, Brannon, L, Brantley, PS, Braun, D, Braun, T, Brienza-Larsen, K, Briggs, TM, Britten, J, Brooks, ED, Browning, D, Bruhn, MW, Brunner, TA, Bruns, H, Brunton, G, Bryant, B, Buczek, T, Bude, J, Buitano, L, Burkhart, S, Burmark, J, Burnham, A, Burr, R, Busby, LE, Butlin, B, Cabeltis, R, Cable, M, Cabot, WH, Cagadas, B, Caggiano, J, Cahayag, R, Caldwell, SE, Calkins, S, Callahan, DA, Calleja-Aguirre, J, Camara, L, Camp, D, Campbell, EM, Campbell, JH, Carey, B, Carey, R, Carlisle, K, 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Subjects
General Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration, 01 Mathematical Sciences, 09 Engineering
Abstract

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.

Published
2022

40. Fuel gain exceeding unity in an inertially confined fusion implosion

Author

Hurricane, O.A., Callahan, D.A., Casey, D.T., Celliers, P.M., Cerjan, C., Dewald, E.L., Dittrich, T.R., Doppner, T., Hinkel, D.E., Hopkins, L.F. Berzak, Kline, J.L., Pape, S. Le, Ma, T., MacPhee, A.G., Milovich, J.L., Pak, A., Park, H.-S., Pate, P.K., Remington, B.A., Salmonson, J.D., Springer, P.T., and Tommasini, R.

Subjects
Nuclear fusion -- Research, Nuclear research, Deuterium -- Properties, Tritium -- Properties, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Ignition is needed to make fusion energy a viable alternative energy source, but has yet to be achieved (1). A key step on the way to ignition is to have the energy generated through fusion reactions in an inertially confined fusion plasma exceed the amount of energy deposited into the deuterium--tritium fusion fuel and hotspot during the implosion process, resulting in a fuel gain greater than unity. Here we report the achievement of fusion fuel gains exceeding unity on the US National Ignition Facility using a 'high-foot' implosion method (2,3), which is a manipulation of the laser pulse shape in a way that reduces instability in the implosion. These experiments show an order-of-magnitude improvement in yield performance over past deuterium--tritium implosion experiments. We also see a significant contribution to the yield from α-particle self-heating and evidence for the 'bootstrapping' required to accelerate the deuterium-tritium fusion burn to eventually 'run away' and ignite., At the National Ignition Facility (NIF), 192 lasers deliver up to 1.9 MJ of light into a gold hohlraum, a cylindrically shaped radiation cavity (Fig. 1), that converts the energy [...]

Published
2014
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43. Achieving record hot spot energies with large HDC implosions on NIF in HYBRID-E

Author

Kritcher, A. L., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Weber, C., additional, Ralph, J., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Pak, A., additional, Baker, K., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Bhandarkar, S., additional, Biener, J., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Braun, T., additional, Bruhn, M., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clark, D., additional, Di Nicola, J. M., additional, Divol, L., additional, Doeppner, T., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Haan, S., additional, Heebner, J., additional, Hernandez, V., additional, Hinkel, D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Huang, H., additional, Kong, C., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Mariscal, D., additional, Marley, E., additional, Masse, L., additional, Meaney, K. D., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moore, A., additional, Newman, K., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Patel, P., additional, Pelz, L., additional, Rice, N., additional, Robey, H., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Rubery, M., additional, Salmonson, J., additional, Schlossberg, D., additional, Sepke, S., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Strozzi, D., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Wild, C., additional, Yang, S., additional, Young, C., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Landen, O., additional, Town, R., additional, and Herrmann, M., additional

Published
2021
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44. Applied plasma spectroscopy: Laser-fusion experiments

Author

Regan, S.P., Yaakobi, B., Boehly, T.R., Epstein, R., Delettrez, J.A., Glebov, V.Yu., Goncharov, V.N., Jaanimagi, P.A., Knauer, J.P., Marshall, F.J., McCrory, R.L., Meyerhofer, D.D., Radha, P.B., Sangster, T.C., Smalyuk, V.A., Soures, J., Stoeckl, C., Mancini, R.C., Haynes, D.A., Jr., Welser-Sherrill, L., Koch, J.A., Tommasini, R., and Sawada, H.

Published
2009
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47. A dual high-energy radiography platform with 15 μm resolution at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Khan, S. F., primary, Martinez, D. A., additional, Kalantar, D. H., additional, Kirkwood, R. K., additional, Santos, C., additional, Ose, N. A., additional, Johnson, S., additional, Alessi, D. A., additional, Prantil, M. A., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, Glendinning, S. G., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, Prisbrey, S. T., additional, Dittrich, T. R., additional, Bowers, M. W., additional, Cabral, J., additional, Crane, J., additional, Di Nicola, J. -M., additional, Hamamoto, M., additional, Herriot, S., additional, Lanier, T., additional, Lowe-Webb, R., additional, Pelz, L. J., additional, Widmayer, C. C., additional, Williams, W., additional, and Yang, S., additional

Published
2021
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48. K-shell spectroscopy of Au plasma generated with a short-pulse laser

Author

Zulick, C., Dollar, F., Chen, H., Falk, K., Gregori, G., Hazi, A., Murphy, C.D., Park, J., Seely, J., Szabo, C.I., Tommasini, R., Shepherd, R., and Krushelnick, K.

Subjects
Lasers in plasma research -- Properties -- Identification and classification -- Composition, Plasma physics -- Research, Gold -- Properties -- Identification and classification, Lasers -- Properties, Plasma (Ionized gases) -- Properties -- Identification and classification -- Composition, Spectrum analysis -- Methods, Laser, Physics
Abstract

The production of X-rays from electron transitions into K-shell vacancies ([K.sub.α,β]) emission) is a well-known process in atomic physics and has been extensively studied as a plasma diagnostic in low- and mid-Z materials. However, X-ray spectra from near neutral high-Z ions are very complex, and their interpretation requires the use of state-of-the-art atomic calculations. In this experiment, the Titan laser system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was used to deliver an approximately 350 J laser pulse, with a 10 ps duration and a wavelength of 1054 nm, to a gold (Au) target. A transparent bent quartz crystal spectrometer with a hard X-ray energy window, ranging from 17 to 102 keV, was used to measure the emission spectrum. [K.sub.α1,α2] and [K.sub.β1,γ1] transitions were observed over a range of target sizes. Additionally, a series of shots were conducted with a pre-ionizing long pulse (3 ns, 1-10 J, 527 nm) on the backside of the target. FLYCHK, an atomic non-LTE code, designed to provide ionization and population distributions, was used to model the experiment. [K.sub.α] / [K.sub.β] ratios were found to be in good agreement with the predicted value for room temperature Au targets. PACS No: 52.38.Ph La production de rayons-X provenant de transitions electroniques dans les lacunes de la couche K (emission [K.sub.α,β]) est un mecanisme bien connu en physique atomique qui a ete tres etudie comme diagnostique de plasma dans les materiaux de Z bas et intermediate. Cependant, les spectres X d'ions de Z eleve presque neutres sont tres complexes et leur interpretation exige l'utilisation de calculs atomiques de pointe. Dans cette experience, nous utilisons le systeme laser Titan du Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory qui envoie environ 350 J par impulsion d'une duree de 10 ps et une longueur d'onde de 1054 nm sur une cible d'or (Au). Nous avons utilise un spectrometre a cristal de quartz courbe avec une fenetre d'entree de rayons-X allant de 17 a 102 keV, afin de mesurer le spectre d'emission. Nous avons observe les transitions [K.sub.α1,α2] et [K.sub.β1,γ1] sur un domaine de grandeur de cible. De plus, une serie d'impulsion pre-ionisante (3 ns, 1-20 J, 527 nm) a ete tiree sur la partie arriere de la cible. Nous avons utilise le code atomique sans equilibre thermodynamique local FLYCHK pour obtenir les distributions d' ionisation et de population, afin de modeliser les resultats experimentaux. Les rapports [K.sub.α] / [K.sub.β] obtenus sont en bon accord avec les valeurs predites pour des cibles d'Au a la temperature de la piece. [Traduit par la Redaction], 1. Introduction The absorption of laser energy during high-intensity shortpulse laser-plasma interactions results in the production of a large current of hot electrons, which can subsequently generate energetic protons, ions, [...]

Published
2011
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50. Absolute laser energy absorption measurement of relativistic 0.7 ps laser pulses in nanowire arrays

Author

Park, J., primary, Tommasini, R., additional, Shepherd, R., additional, London, R. A., additional, Bargsten, C., additional, Hollinger, R., additional, Capeluto, M. G., additional, Shlyaptsev, V. N., additional, Hill, M. P., additional, Kaymak, V., additional, Baumann, C., additional, Pukhov, A., additional, Cloyne, D., additional, Costa, R., additional, Hunter, J., additional, Maricle, S., additional, Moody, J., additional, and Rocca, J. J., additional

Published
2021
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