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This study uses bilateral data on Japan and OECD member countries to examine whether migration networks and multinational business networks promote intellectual property trade. The dynamic panel data analyses are distinct in that they comprehensively examine various network effects by integrating two branches of globalization topics: trade–migration relationships and trade–foreign direct investment (FDI) relationships. The results show that international royalty and license revenues are positively related with immigrants residing in Japan, but that networks created through Japanese emigrants, FDI inflows to Japan and Japanese direct investment abroad do not display significant relationships. The results imply that either some network effects do not exist, or that they do exist but are offset by other effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of immigration on residential land prices in urban Tokyo. A rapid increase in immigrants in Tokyo raises the concern that immigration may depreciate land prices because of the negative image emerging from the perception that some immigrants might create disharmony in society. However, our analysis denies this possibility; for every 1% increase in immigrant ratio (i.e., the proportion of immigrants in the total population), the residential land prices increase by 12%. Although the literature explains that a negative immigration effect occurs when the analysis uses small geographic units, the results suggest that even a positive effect can occur under small geographic units. The implications of the current results are complicated. While the concern of immigration-induced land price depreciation is unfounded, this raises another concern—that of asset inequality between land owners and tenants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how cross‐border movements of goods (trade), people (migration) and capital (FDI) interact comprehensively. While previous studies have examined partial interactions of these factors, such as trade–immigration relationships, little work has been done to examine the effects of global networks on trade balance. Using bilateral trade data, our dynamic panel‐data analysis provides empirical evidence of bidirectional migration networks (i.e. immigration and emigration) and business networks (i.e. inward and outward FDI). The analysis shows that the migration network effect is not definitive but varies depending on countries. The trade deficit in the United States (Germany) increases (decreases) with an increase of immigrants in these countries. For both countries, the trade deficit decreases with emigrants moving abroad. The results imply that the acceptance of immigrants is not a universal cause of trade deficit. Considering that the origin of immigrants differs between the two countries, their respective trade balance is subject to the influence of not only the number of immigrants but also the immigrants' skill level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how migration and business networks affect the trade in intellectual property using bilateral data on the U.S. and OECD member countries. The analyses are distinct in that they comprehensively examine network effects by combining previous works on tangible trade-migration relationships together with the literature on trade-FDI relationships. We show that intellectual property exports are positively related to the number of immigrants residing in the U.S. and the U.S. direct investment stocks in trading partners. However, they do not have any relationships with U.S. emigrants and FDI inflows to the U.S. The result suggests that network effects vary depending on the direction of cross-border factor movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]