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A straightforward asymmetric transfer hydrogenation for accessing enantiomerically enriched secondary benzyl alcohols involving free phenolic hydroxyl group(s) under mild conditions was developed. Various of optical pure aryl alcohols with a remarkable functional group compatibility were achieved with 78 %–97 % yields, 84 %–>99 % ee's and up to 10 000 TON. This rhodium‐catalyzed reaction could be performed in a gram‐scale without loss of the efficiency. Furthermore, the synthetic utility has also been demonstrated in the asymmetric synthesis of (S)‐adrenaline and (S)‐phenylephrine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visco‐hypoplastic material model for tertiary soils in Frankfurt am Main The subsoil conditions in the city centre of Frankfurt am Main are characterized by tertiary over‐consolidated clays and clayey marls with embedded limestone banks and sand layers, whose thickness varies considerably depending on the location. In a research project, the time‐dependent material response of these tertiary clays, which significantly influence the deformation behaviour of buildings, was investigated with a comprehensive laboratory test program and a set of parameters for the visco‐hypoplastic AVISA model was determined. This article summarizes the findings obtained for the tertiary Frankfurt clays. In addition, a concept is proposed with which the system permeability and the system stiffness of the heterogeneous tertiary layers taking into account embedded limestone banks and sand layers can be realistically modelled in 3D coupled pore pressure‐displacement analyses with the finite element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study aimed to assess the impact of light perception presence or absence on visual function recovery in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 206 TON patients. Based on the presence or absence of light perception after injury, patients were categorized into a light perception group and a non-light perception group. A comparison was made between the two groups regarding visual acuity recovery before and after treatment. The non-light perception group comprised 63 patients, with a treatment effectiveness rate of 39.68%. The light perception group consisted of 143 patients, with a treatment effectiveness rate of 74.83%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 23.464, P

Piles as onshore and offshore foundation structures are often horizontally loaded. The usual calculation method for the behaviour of piles under such loads is the p‐y method. For piles in cohesive soil, several p‐y methods are proposed in literature, leading in general to differing results. A finite element model dealing with the behaviour of horizontally loaded piles in clay soils was established and validated against field tests. Utilising the results of a vast number of numerical simulations, a new p‐y method was developed, which gives reasonable results over the entire range of possible loads for piles of almost arbitrary diameters and embedded lengths in clay soils of varying consistency. The method requires in total six soil parameters and accounts for the actual deflection of the pile and also the effect of pile tip shear resistance by iteratively adapted y‐multipliers which depend on the course of the deflection line and the distance of the considered point to the pile tip. The new method can be generally used for calculation of the bearing behaviour of piles in soft clay under monotonic loading and can serve as a reference for consideration of cyclic load effects or softening effects in stiff clays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The pitch pattern test (PPT) is a test of temporal ordering in which a subject needs to correctly repeat a sequence of three auditory stimuli comprised of high and low frequencies. Traditionally, tones are used, but here the aim was to develop a PPT using vowels. The tests were done in young adults and a comparison was made between the two methods. Material and methods: The study involved 40 young adults with normal hearing sensitivity and was done in two phases. Phase I involved the development of a PPT using the vowel /a/, and in Phase II the test was administered. A comparison was made with the PPT based on tones. In both tests, stimuli were delivered monaurally. Results: All participants were able to do the PPT using either vowels or tones. No ear or gender effects were observed. However, the mean scores for PPT using tones were notably better than those obtained using vowels. Conclusions: The present study has developed a PPT using the vowel /a/ and has compared scores with the tonal pitch pattern test. The absence of a ceiling effect in the PPT using a vowel gives it an advantage in terms of potential clinical utility. The strong positive correlation between the PPT using a vowel and the PPT using a tone shows a significant relationship between the two tests in the specific domain of temporal ordering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PURPOSE: Tacrolimus is a commonly used immunosuppressant medication after lung transplantation. In rare cases, tacrolimus causes a medication-induced optic neuropathy (TON) that can lead to significant vision loss. OBSERVATIONS: In this series, we describe three cases of TON, 1-10 years after medication use. Two patients were young (22yr and 33yr) females with cystic fibrosis. The last case was a 65yr male with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In 2/3 cases tacrolimus serum levels were normal. Visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/300, and vision loss occurred acutely to sub-acutely, over a span of 2-3 months. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: As presented here, TON can be highly variable. MRI findings are often non-specific, from normal brain findings to extensive white matter changes. There remains an unclear association with graft-versus-host disease and reduced kidney function. Visual findings are often subtle, including color vision aberration and peripheral visual field deficits, both of which usually require an ophthalmologic evaluation. When diagnosed in a timely fashion, TON is at least partially reversible in up to half of all cases. While rare, the cases described here support post-lung transplant ophthalmologic evaluation in those taking high-risk medications.

Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Titanium grade alloys with coated electrodes has several advantages over the traditional machining process such as increased productivity, reduction of processing cost, and improved material properties. The main objective is to create a relationship between WEDM parameters such as Pulse-on (TON), Pulse-off (TOFF), and Indicated Power (IP) with surface roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR). In the present work, the performance of zinc-coated brass electrodes for WEDM of Titanium Grade-7 alloy was assessed and optimized with statistical technique. ANOVA analysis is used to analysis of the MRR and Ra and validated with regression. The ANOVA analysis results indicated that TON is the highest statistically significant and followed by TOFF and IP on MRR and surface roughness. The optimum combination of higher IP(6 A) and TON time(60 µs) and lower TOFF time (12 µs) is lucrative for a higher MRR of 8.5682 mm3/min and lower surface roughness of 1.66 µm. The SEM images showed homogeneous solidification, columnar grain structure, recast layer surface, and minor surface crack density were noticed at higher cutting conditions. The predicted model and confirmation test results were close to each other with minimum error (<5%), so the model is adequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validation of the AVISA model Despite advanced design technologies, construction on cohesive soils is still a challenge. Especially when dealing with cyclic loading conditions combined with the time‐dependent behavior of cohesive soils, such as offshore structures or even dams, the tools to predict the long‐term deformations of fine‐grained soil are limited. Due to the complex influence of loading rate, preloading, and soil structure, it is necessary to understand the effects of these influences on cohesive materials through laboratory testing and describe them numerically through accurate and physically based constitutive equations. Researchers (continue to) develop many hundreds of material models each year. Most of them are used for PhDs and not investigated further. In this work, such a model, developed in the first author's PhD, is be validated. The performance of the AVISA model has been previously demonstrated on experiments of various fine‐grained soils. In this paper, a new experimental study on Malaysia Kaolin is used for the validation of the model. Furthermore, the reproducibility of the so‐called Krey and Tiedemann criteria, parameters φ′s , c′ und φ′ is investigated by simulations of simple shear tests. It should be noted that many constitutive models for fine‐grained soils fail in this task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical activation of clay Known advantages of clay in building physics are moisture sorption and regulation, reduction of sound and heat storage capacity. Compared to other materials, clay has low mechanical properties. The paper focuses on mechanical activation of clay and relates to challenges in the production of clay‐based‐construction panels. It examines compressive and bending strength due to the process of milling, using a vibratory disc mill. The raw clay was sieved and for testing the fractions < 250 μm were milled. This milled clay was mixed in various compositions. Samples consisting of a mixture of milled fractions < 0,25 mm and non‐milled fractions 0,25 to 2 mm, a max. increase in compressive strength of 74 % was observed at a milling time of 60 minutes and for 20 wt.% water addition. Also, preliminary rheological tests (SAOS), which were carried out to follow the cohesion development over time of the clay pastes at different milling time, showed a max. of reactivity for samples which were milled 60 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Napredak is the property of Croatian Pedagogical-Literary Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] • Zeolite TON with an ultra-low Si/Al ratio of 22.3 was successfully synthesized. • The synthesis strategy features high silicon utilization under static condition. • Low-silica TON demonstrates superior performance in n -dodecane hydroisomerization. Zeolite TON features a unique one-dimensional (1D) 10-membered ring (10MR) straight channel system. This distinctive endows zeolite TON with exceptional catalytic capabilities, particularly in petrochemical processes like isomerization, dewaxing, and olefin oligomerization. However, conventional synthesis methods for zeolite TON typically entail prolonged crystallization times and yield low outputs under dynamic conditions, leading to inefficient resource utilization (approximately 50 %). Additionally, the Si/Al ratio of conventional zeolite TON tends to exceed 30. Here, we present a straightforward synthesis strategy for producing zeolite TON with an ultra-low Si/Al ratio (22.3) and significantly enhanced silicon utilization (84.5 %) under static conditions. The successful crystallization of zeolite TON is strongly influenced by the choice of silica and alumina sources. The resulting ultra-low-silica zeolite TON demonstrates superior performance, yielding a higher iso -dodecane yield (60 %) in the n -dodecane hydroisomerization compared to convensional zeolite TON (< 50 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, generalized therapy for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is lacking. Various strategies have been developed to protect and regenerate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after TON. Intravitreal injection of supplements has been approved as a promising approach, although serious concerns, such as low delivery efficacy and pain due to frequent injections, remain. In this study, we tested an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel drug delivery system engineered to deliver ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA). The results of rheological studies showed that the prepared drug-loaded hydrogel possessed a suitable mechanical modulus of ∼300 Pa, consistent with that of vitreum. The hydrogel exhibited thermosensitive with sustained drug release performance. In vitro co-culture of the CNTF-loaded hydrogel system with primary RGCs also induced significant axon regeneration, with 38.5% increase in neurite length, indicating the regenerative response of the thermosensitive hydrogel drug delivery system. A Sprague-Dawley rat optic nerve crush model was constructed and applied to determine the neuroprotective and regenerative capacities of the system. The results demonstrated that a single intravitreal injection of the drug-loaded hydrogel (PLGA-PEG-PLGA + TA or PLGA-PEG-PLGA + CNTF) significantly increased RGC survival at both 14 and 28 days. The RGC survival rate was 31.05 ± 1.41% for the drug-loaded hydrogel system (the control group was 16.79 ± 1.50%) at Day 28. These findings suggest that the injectable drug-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel delivery system is a promising therapeutic tool for treating optic nerve degeneration., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Evans' 2006b recognition of a phonological opposition between plain and uvularized vowels in the Hóngyán variety of Northwestern Rma was an important discovery for Rma linguistics, yet the diachronic origins of this phenomenon have not been fully considered. This paper considers the origin of uvularized vowels in the Hóngyán dialect through comparison with the tonal Lóngxī variety, finding plain and uvularized vowels in Hóngyán to correspond regularly with H and L tones in Lóngxī Rma. Résumé: Evans 2006b a mis au jour l'existence d'une opposition phonologique d'uvularité dans le dialecte Hóngyán du nord-ouest du rma (qiang). S'il s'agit d'une découverte importante pour les études des langues rma, l'aspect diachronique de ce phénomène n'a pas été pleinement élucidé. Cet article étudie l'origine des voyelles uvularisées dans le dialecte de Hóngyán en les comparant avec celles du dialecte tonal du Lóngxī, et constate que les voyelles non-uvularisées et uvularisées du Hóngyán correspondent régulièrement aux tons haut et bas du Lóngxī Rma respectivement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a significant cause of vision loss and irreversible blindness worldwide. It is defined as retinal ganglion cell death and axon degeneration caused by injury. Optic nerve crush (ONC), a well-validated model of TON, activates retinal microglia and initiates neuroinflammation. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone chromosomal binding protein in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, is an important inducer of microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects and mechanism of the HMGB1 inhibitor BoxA to neuroinflammation-induced retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) damage in traumatic optic neuropathy. For that purpose, an optic nerve crush model was established in C57BL/6J mice at 10–12 weeks. Model mice received an intravitreal injection of PBS and the HMGB1 inhibitor BoxA. Our data demonstrated that HMGB1 expression increased after optic nerve crush. Retinal ganglion cell function and morphology were damaged, and retinal ganglion cell numbers were reduced after optic nerve crush. Intravitreal injection of BoxA after ONC can alleviate damage. Furthermore, BoxA reduced microglial activation and expression levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-kB), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) in experimental ONC mice. In summary, HMGB1 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome via NF-kB to participate in retinal inflammatory injury after ONC. Thus, intravitreal injection of BoxA has potential therapeutic benefits for the effective treatment of RGC death to prevent TON. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate disclosure became more descriptive rather than quantitative over time. Thus, textual analysis gained popularity in finance and business, however, it requires massive computing power. The paper presents the panel set of the raw frequencies of positive and negative words across 90,463 Forms 10-K filed at Security Exchange Commission (SEC) in EDGAR (the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system) over the period 1995–2008. The dataset consists of 456 variables. The texts of the forms were retrieved from the SEC servers and processed using text mining techniques. The data relevant for archive analysis on the sentiment of the financial statements and financial reporting on SEC registrants. Potential reuse for creation of the tone or sentiments indexes. Long-time data series allows for dynamic analysis. The data set allows reducing the computer power requirements for further research.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a rare but serious consequence of head injuries. The optimal therapy for TON remains controversial, and standardized recommendations are lacking. The most common therapies used are steroid administration and surgical decompression procedures. The aim of the present study was to compare two common conservative and surgical therapies in a rodent model with a standardized traumatic optic nerve lesion. This study employed 59 male Wistar rats. After exposing the optic nerve, defined trauma was exerted on the optic nerve using a micromanipulator to trigger TON. Rats received either "megadose" methylprednisolone applied perioperatively or decompression via nerve sheath fenestration. The number of neurons was histologically evaluated in retinae explanted as whole mounts. Neuronal size was determined histomorphometrically. Neuronal loss was significantly lower following perioperative "megadose" steroid therapy (p =.017), especially in the central retinal area (p =.025). Compared to the control group without therapy, on average more than 400 neurons/mm2 were saved. In the central retinal area, more than 600 neurons/mm2 were rescued. In contrast, neuronal loss was not significantly affected by surgical decompression; however, this procedure was associated with a reduction in neuron size (p =.003). The present model revealed significant neuroprotective effects following administration of methylprednisolone for TON treatment. Mitigation of neuronal loss may result in functional benefits. Neuroprotective effects were not observed following surgical therapy, suggesting that this approach should be reserved for individual cases such as hematomas in the area of nerve envelopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Децентралізовані системи займають особливу роль у сучасному житті, а проблеми їх регулювання починають обговорюватися та вирішуватися на державному рівні. Аналіз проекту, який за своїми масштабами та охопленням здатний вплинути на світову економіку та технології в цілому є актуальним та необхідним з точки зору спостереження за технологічними інноваціями. Майбутній повномасштабний запуск комплексної системи з великим потенційним числом користувачів потребує виконання її ретельного дослідження, задля забезпечення усвідомленого використання можливостей системи, а також захисту від потенційних загроз. В статті наведено офіційні матеріали, які проливають світло на внутрішні компоненти, виконуючі роль основних складових системи, а також описано проблеми, які стосуються майбутнього регулювання системи, а також користувацького досвіду, пов’язаного з використанням вбудованих процесів та сервісів, присутніх у системі на етапі запуску. Проведення дослідження та опису основних складових проекту, виявлення їх основних переваг та недоліків, висвітлення основних структурних елементів та понять, реалізованих при розробці складових, можливих нюансів, які матимуть вплив на майбутній досвід користування внутрішніми сервісами проекту. Винесення висновків щодо інноваційності та децентралізованості проекту, його майбутнього потенціалу та впливу на інформаційне середовище в цілому. В статті розглянуто наступні базові компоненти: TON P2P Network, TON DNS, TON Storage, TON Services, TON Payments, TON Blockchain, Gram token, а також складові, використані при їх реалізації. Також описані основні потенційні можливості при майбутньому використанні даних технологій, з’ясовані під час дослідження та аналізу документації складових проекту. Детально описано проблеми технології Blockchain та їх вирішення у реалізованому TON Blockchain. У підсумку приведено висновки щодо проекту в цілому, його складових, можливих проблем у процесі роботи, а також минулі конфузи, що могли підірвати довіру потенційних користувачів. Також наведені висновки щодо можливого майбутнього криптовалюти Gram, її ціни та розповсюдження в мережі, цінності для звичаних користувачів та «валідаторів» мережі

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a significant cause of vision loss and irreversible blindness worldwide. It is defined as retinal ganglion cell death and axon degeneration caused by injury. Optic nerve crush (ONC), a well-validated model of TON, activates retinal microglia and initiates neuroinflammation. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone chromosomal binding protein in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, is an important inducer of microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects and mechanism of the HMGB1 inhibitor BoxA to neuroinflammation-induced retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) damage in traumatic optic neuropathy. For that purpose, an optic nerve crush model was established in C57BL/6J mice at 10–12 weeks. Model mice received an intravitreal injection of PBS and the HMGB1 inhibitor BoxA. Our data demonstrated that HMGB1 expression increased after optic nerve crush. Retinal ganglion cell function and morphology were damaged, and retinal ganglion cell numbers were reduced after optic nerve crush. Intravitreal injection of BoxA after ONC can alleviate damage. Furthermore, BoxA reduced microglial activation and expression levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-kB), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) in experimental ONC mice. In summary, HMGB1 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome via NF-kB to participate in retinal inflammatory injury after ONC. Thus, intravitreal injection of BoxA has potential therapeutic benefits for the effective treatment of RGC death to prevent TON.

Purpose: To assess the value of the flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) in determining final visual prognosis in patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Subjects and Methods: We included 30 patients diagnosed with indirect TON. Within one week of the onset of the trauma, visual acuity was recorded, pupillary reactions were assessed, FVEP was performed in both eyes. The amplitudes (N1p1 and N2P2) and the latency of P2 for each eye were recorded and amplitude ratio of N2P2 between the affected and normal eye was calculated. In follow-up visits, the cases underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, assessment of visual acuity, pupillary reaction, and FVEP. Results: The study included 22 males (73.3%) and 8 females (26.7%). The right eye was involved in 16 patients (53.3%) and left eye was involved in 14 cases (46.7%). According to the findings of FVEP, there was a direct correlation between final visual acuity and initial amplitude of N1p1 and N2P2 and negative correlation with latency of P2 wave. In 20 patients in whom the N1P1 and N2P2 amplitude was within the normal range and amplitude ratio of N2P2 of normal and fellow eye was at least 0.5 and the P2 implicit time was less than 140 ms, they achieved better visual outcome and visual acuity improved in the affected eye. In other 10 patients in whom the N1P1 and N2P2 amplitude was below normal range and the N2P2 amplitude ratio between the normal and the affected eye was less than 0.5 and the P2 implicit time was more than 140 ms, the visual acuity in the affected eye was less than 0.01 and these patients achieved less or no improvement in their visual function. Conclusion: Cases with TON usually present with severe loss of vision. FVEP is highly predictive of final visual outcome in patients having indirect TON given that the other eye is normal to be used as the patients' internal control. More studies are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to introduce into scientific turnover the little-known drawings of the outstanding Ukrainian realist painter of the mid-20th century, professor of the Kyiv State Art Institute, Karpo Demianovych Trokhymenko, made during the evacuation to Ufa in the period of the Great Patriotic War. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of art history, figurative and stylistic, systematic and comparative analysis, as well as historical and contextual methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the definition of the role of drawing in the creative heritage of Karpo Trokhymenko of the period 1941-1944. In the portrait sketches made by Karpo Trokhymenko for the picture ―Meeting of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Ufa‖, the difference in relation to the expressive means of art destroyed at the time of the avant-garde and finally formed social realism are clearly traced. The point, line, and plane as the leading artistic elements of the avant-garde are losing their significance, remaining to a certain extent only in the arsenal of graphic artists. Tone, light and shade gradations and energy of light acquire a special significance in the drawing of the easel painters. Conclusions. By analyzing the figurative and stylistic structure and technique of the portrait works, the peculiarities of drawing in the artist‘s asset, in particular, the attention to creating an air environment, are revealed. In the drawings of Karpo Trokhymenko, the line has no intrinsic value and is perceived only as of the part of light and shadow, dissolving in the overall tone spot. The color plays an important role in the drawings of Karpo Trokhymenko. The works made within the complex warmth and coolness of colored paper, silver graphite pencil, colored pencils and chalk and acquire the significance of independent works. A set of portraits of outstanding Ukrainian scientists - academicians, artists, writers created by Karpo Trokhymenko, has not only documentary, historical and cultural value, but is a significant monument of Ukrainian easel drawing of the Great Patriotic War period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nontraditional machining processes are used for machining too hard, brittle and strong conductive materials. The aim of this research is to achieve an economic and efficient machining process in machining HSS by using wire cut machine. Experimental investigations were conducted on WEDM with using different machining parameters such as (pulse duration (μs), pulse interval (μs), Servo feed and Servo voltage (V)). The experiments were designed according to DOE, which is done by using Taguchi design parameter method to investigate the optimum machining parameters, which gives the best values for MRR and CS in order to achieve an economic and efficient machining process. The results obtained from the experimental work show that the optimum values of MRR and CS are obtained with the best values of Servo voltage (V), pulse duration (μs), pulse interval (μs), Servo feed and which they are presented with (A1, B3, C2 and D3) which they are equal to (20 v, 120 μs, 35 μs, and 450 mm/min).

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In the 1960s several groups reported the isolation and preliminary genetic mapping of Escherichia coli strains tol erant towards the action of colicins. These pioneering studies kick-started two new fields in bacteriology; one centred on how bacteriocins like colicins exploit the Tol (or more commonly Tol-Pal) system to kill bacteria, the other on the physiological role of this cell envelope-spanning assembly. The following half century has seen significant advances in the first of these fields whereas the second has remained elusive, until recently. Here, we review work that begins to shed light on Tol-Pal function in Gram-negative bacteria. What emerges from these studies is that Tol-Pal is an energised system with fundamental, interlinked roles in cell division – coordinating the re-structuring of peptidoglycan at division sites and stabilising the connection between the outer membrane and underlying cell wall. This latter role is achieved by Tol-Pal exploiting the proton motive force to catalyse the accumulation of the outer membrane peptidoglycan associated lipoprotein Pal at division sites while simultaneously mobilising Pal molecules from around the cell. These studies begin to explain the diverse phenotypic outcomes of tol-pal mutations, point to other cell envelope roles Tol-Pal may have and raise many new questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that, in the early 1870s, Paul Cézanne began to make colours (including vermilion) his medium, whereas previously he had tended to treat them as inert materials, which he needed to force for effect. One factor in Cézanne's change of heart was his receptiveness to the theme developed in the novels Manette Salomon (1867), by Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, and La Proie et l'ombre (1876), by Marius Roux, that failing to relate responsively to his medium can have catastrophic consequences for the painter. Another was Cézanne's espousal of Camille Pissarro's practice in the early 1870s of using ton to create 'harmony' for the express purpose of 'modelling'. The relationship between Cézanne's ideas about ton and three theoretical sources are then examined. Two are much earlier: Roger de Piles's writings about colour harmony and its spatial effects; and the treatise Michel-François Dandré-Bardon wrote in the eighteenth century that applied de Piles's ideas to ton. The other is the series of manuals the animal painter, Julien de la Rochenoire, published in the 1850s, which maintain that 'relations' between tons were crucial to 'modelling'. How Cézanne used tons is then analysed in the painting Madame Cézanne in a Red Armchair (1877) (now in Boston). It is shown that colour relationships are more numerous and more finely integrated in this work than in its sister painting (in Stockholm), with the result that its harmony is especially tightly knit. This, it is maintained, allows it to model-shape at the same time as bestowing cohesion to the depicted scene. The article ends by considering how, unlike the de Goncourts' Naz Coriolis or Claude Monet, who pushed painting to its limits in an attempt to capture the effects of shine and sparkle, Cézanne opted to play them down in order to give solidity to the world depicted in his paintings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tanulmanyok is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Throughout the last 80 years, scholars and film critics have tried to define film noir and come up with various theories. Some claim film noir is a genre, others classify it as a style. The definition of the phenomenon appears to be rather elusive. In consequence, some films are classified as noir or neo-noir even though they seem not to meet the necessary requirements to be categorized as such. The following article examines the most popular theories on film noir and explains why it is impossible to construct one and final definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the convenience of catalyst separation and solvent-free conditions, gas-phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol-in particular to-benzaldehyde reaction is more attractive method for industrial applications. In this respect it is environmentally and scientifically important to develop a low cost, energy-saving, and green approach for benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction, as an alternative to conventional liquid phase aerobic oxidation. Herein, a facile method for enhancing the catalytic activity of K-OMS-2 for benzyl alcohol-to-benzaldehyde oxidation by adding a small amount of Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 to the mixture of KMnO 4 & MnSO 4 with Fe/Mn = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 was report. The physico-chemical characteristics of the prepared samples were studied by using powder XRD, UV-VIS, N 2 - physisorption, HR-TEM, FT-IR and H 2 -TPR techniques. The influence of the different iron amounts on the catalytic performance of the prepared x Fe-OMS-2 samples at different reaction temperature (250oC–450 °C) using air as an oxidant carrier gas was investigated. H 2 -TPR results confirmed that iron doping facilities the Mn4+↔Mn3+ redox cycle for providing oxygen species that are necessary for benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction. Also the lower reducibility, Small particle sizes with higher iron species dispersion within the OMS-2 framework matrix also had a great influence on the catalytic activity effectiveness of the tested samples. Image 1075 • A series of x Fe-OMS-2 samples with different Fe/Mn atomic ratios were prepared by refluxing at ambient pressure. • The physicochemical and morphological properties were assessed comparatively. • The catalytic performances of the prepared x Fe-OMS-2 catalysts towards gas-phase benzyl alcohol oxidation were evaluated. • The synergism between reducibility and textural parameters is the key factor on getting more effective catalysts for benzyl alcohol gas-phase oxidation in particular to benzaldehyde at low reaction temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Religious Education Studies / Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Religious Education Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide (DDAO) and their mixtures from their solutions, onto Jordanian Natural Clay (JNC) was investigated at room temperature. The clay was firstly analyzed with X-ray fluorescence technique. The surface tension of the single and mixed surfactant solutions was then measured as a function of the total surfactant concentration and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of these solutions were determined. The interaction between SDS and DDAO as indicated by their interaction parameter was calculated according to the regular solution model. Adsorption of single surfactants onto 3 % wt/vol Jordanian Natural Clay, using the depletion method, was ultimately investigated. Although no absorbed SDS molecules were found onto the Jordanian Clay, but a pronounced adsorption tendency for DDAO and mixed SDS/DDAO molecules was obtained. The amounts of surfactant adsorbed onto 3 wt/vol% JNC follow the trend: SDS/DDAO > DDAO > SDS indicating the importance of synergistic interaction of surfactants on their adsorption behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of static p‐y approaches for laterally loaded piles in soft clay When it comes to the general design of laterally loaded piles, the p‐y approach according to the offshore guidelines is commonly used. The here stated p‐y curves for soft clay are based on an exponential approach by Matlock, whereby different linearisations are recommended by the guidelines of the API and the DNVGL. Various experimental and numerical investigations demonstrate, however, considerable inadequacies of the stated basic function in particular with respect to the suitability for large‐diameter piles. As a result of these investigations, several alternative p‐y approaches were developed which explicitly intend to account for the effect of the large pile diameter. The paper in‐hand contains an extensive evaluation of overall six static p‐y approaches for soft clay based on more than 300 three‐dimensional simulations with the finite element method. The results indicate that the p‐y approach according to Matlock, the linearisations by the API and the DNVGL as well as three alternative approaches are not generally valid for arbitrary soil conditions and pile geometries. The findings from the investigation are finally used for the definition of requirements regarding a new, generally valid p‐y approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Signata is the property of Presses Universitaires de Liege and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)