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1. Neutron - mirror neutron mixing and neutron stars

Author

Berezhiani, Zurab, Biondi, Riccardo, Mannarelli, Massimo, and Tonelli, Francesco

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The oscillation of neutrons $n$ into mirror neutrons $n'$, their mass degenerate partners from dark mirror sector, can have interesting implications for neutron stars: an ordinary neutron star could gradually transform into a mixed star consisting in part of mirror dark matter. Mixed stars can be detectable as twin partners of ordinary neutron stars: namely, there can exist compact stars with the same masses but having different radii. For a given equation of state (identical between the ordinary and mirror components), the mass and radius of a mixed star depend on the proportion between the ordinary and mirror components in its interior which in turn depends on its age. If $50 \% - 50\%$ proportion between two fractions can be reached asymptotically in time, then the maximum mass of such "maximally mixed stars" should be $\sqrt2$ times smaller than that of ordinary neutron star while the stars exceeding a critical mass value $M^{\rm max}_{NS}/\sqrt2$ should collapse in black holes after certain time. We evaluate the evolution time and discuss the implications of $n-n'$ transition for the pulsar observations as well as for the gravitational waves from the neutron star mergers and associated electromagnetic signals., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures

Published
2020
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2. A reliable description of the radial oscillations of compact stars

Author

Di Clemente, Francesco, Mannarelli, Massimo, and Tonelli, Francesco

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We develop a numerical algorithm for the solution of the Sturm-Liouville differential equation governing the stationary radial oscillations of nonrotating compact stars. Our method is based on the Numerov's method that turns the Sturm-Liouville differential equation in an eigenvalue problem. In our development we provide a strategy to correctly deal with the star boundaries and the interfaces between layers with different mechanical properties. Assuming that the fluctuations obey the same equation of state of the background, we analyze various different stellar models and we precisely determine hundreds of eigenfrequencies and of eigenmodes. If the equation of state does not present an interface discontinuity, the fundamental radial eigenmode becomes unstable exactly at the critical central energy density corresponding to the largest gravitational mass. However, in the presence of an interface discontinuity, there exist stable configurations with a central density exceeding the critical one and with a smaller gravitational mass., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Published
2020
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3. Gravitational wave echoes from strange stars

Author

Mannarelli, Massimo and Tonelli, Francesco

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

It has recently been claimed, with a $4.2 \sigma$ significance level, that gravitational wave echoes at a frequency of about $72$ Hz have been produced in the GW170817 event. The merging of compact stars can lead to the emission of gravitational waves echoes if the post-merger object features a photon-sphere capable of partially trapping the gravitational waves. If the post-merger source is a black hole, a second internal reflection surface, associated to quantum effects near the black hole horizon, must be present to avoid the gravitational wave capture. Alternatively, gravitational wave echoes can be produced by ultracompact stars crossing the photon-sphere line in the mass-radius diagram during the neutron star merging. In this case, the second reflection surface is not needed. A recently proposed preliminary analysis using an incompressible (and so unphysical) equation of state suggests that gravitational wave echoes at a frequency of tens of Hz can be produced by an ultracompact star. Since strange stars are extremely compact, we examine the possibility that strange stars emit gravitational wave echoes at such a frequency. Using parameterized models of the equation of state of ultra-stiff quark matter we find that a strange star can emit gravitational wave echoes, but the corresponding frequencies are of the order of tens of kHz, thus not compatible with the $72$ Hz signal., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, improved discussion, added references, accepted for publication in PRD

Published
2018
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7. Prognostic relevance and putative histogenetic role of cytokeratin 7 and MUC5AC expression in Crohn’s disease-associated small bowel carcinoma

Author

Arpa, Giovanni, Vanoli, Alessandro, Grillo, Federica, Fiocca, Roberto, Klersy, Catherine, Furlan, Daniela, Sessa, Fausto, Ardizzone, Sandro, Sampietro, Gianluca, Macciomei, Maria Cristina, Nesi, Gabriella, Tonelli, Francesco, Capella, Carlo, Latella, Giovanni, Ciardi, Antonio, Caronna, Roberto, Lenti, Marco Vincenzo, Ciccocioppo, Rachele, Barresi, Valeria, Malvi, Deborah, D’Errico, Antonietta, Rizzello, Fernando, Poggioli, Gilberto, Mescoli, Claudia, Rugge, Massimo, Luinetti, Ombretta, Paulli, Marco, Di Sabatino, Antonio, and Solcia, Enrico

Published
2021
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8. Torsional oscillations of nonbare strange stars

Author

Mannarelli, Massimo, Pagliaroli, Giulia, Parisi, Alessandro, Pilo, Luigi, and Tonelli, Francesco

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Strange stars are one of the possible compact stellar objects that can be formed after a supernova collapse. We consider a model of strange star having an inner core in the color-flavor locked phase surmounted by a crystalline color superconducting layer. These two phases constitute the {\it quarksphere}, which we assume to be the largest and heaviest part of the strange star. The next layer consists of standard nuclear matter forming a ionic crust, hovering on the top of the quarksphere and prevented from falling by a strong dipolar electric field. The dipolar electric field arises because quark matter is confined in the quarksphere by the strong interaction, but electrons can leak outside forming a few hundreds Fermi thick electron layer separating the ionic crust from the underlying quark matter. The ionic matter and the crystalline color superconducting matter constitute two electromagnetically coupled crust layers. We study the torsional oscillations of these two layers. Remarkably, we find that if a fraction larger than $10^{-4}$ of the energy of a Vela-like glitch is conveyed to a torsional oscillation, the ionic crust will likely break. The reason is that the very rigid and heavy crystalline color superconducting crust layer will absorb only a small fraction of the glitch energy, leading to a large amplitude torsional oscillation of the ionic crust., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures

Published
2015
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9. PD-L1 in small bowel adenocarcinoma is associated with etiology and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, in addition to microsatellite instability

Author

Giuffrida, Paolo, Arpa, Giovanni, Grillo, Federica, Klersy, Catherine, Sampietro, Gianluca, Ardizzone, Sandro, Fociani, Paolo, Fiocca, Roberto, Latella, Giovanni, Sessa, Fausto, D'Errico, Antonietta, Malvi, Deborah, Mescoli, Claudia, Rugge, Massimo, Nesi, Gabriella, Ferrero, Stefano, Furlan, Daniela, Poggioli, Gilberto, Rizzello, Fernando, Macciomei, Maria C., Santini, Donatella, Volta, Umberto, De Giorgio, Roberto, Caio, Giacomo, Calabrò, Antonio, Ciacci, Carolina, D'Armiento, Maria, Rizzo, Aroldo, Solina, Gaspare, Martino, Michele, Tonelli, Francesco, Villanacci, Vincenzo, Cannizzaro, Renato, Canzonieri, Vincenzo, Florena, Ada M., Biancone, Livia, Monteleone, Giovanni, Caronna, Roberto, Ciardi, Antonio, Elli, Luca, Caprioli, Flavio, Vecchi, Maurizio, D'Incà, Renata, Zingone, Fabiana, D'Odorico, Anna, Lenti, Marco Vincenzo, Oreggia, Barbara, Reggiani Bonetti, Luca, Astegiano, Marco, Biletta, Elena, Cantoro, Laura, Giannone, Antonino G., Orlandi, Augusto, Papi, Claudio, Perfetti, Vittorio, Quaquarini, Erica, Sandri, Giancarlo, Silano, Marco, Usai, Paolo, Barresi, Valeria, Ciccocioppo, Rachele, Luinetti, Ombretta, Pedrazzoli, Paolo, Pietrabissa, Andrea, Viglio, Alessandra, Paulli, Marco, Corazza, Gino R., Solcia, Enrico, Vanoli, Alessandro, and Di Sabatino, Antonio

Published
2020
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11. Prognostic Role of Mismatch Repair Status, Histotype and High-Risk Pathologic Features in Stage II Small Bowel Adenocarcinomas

Author

Vanoli, Alessandro, Grillo, Federica, Guerini, Camilla, Neri, Giuseppe, Arpa, Giovanni, Klersy, Catherine, Nesi, Gabriella, Giuffrida, Paolo, Sampietro, Gianluca, Ardizzone, Sandro, Fociani, Paolo, Fiocca, Roberto, Latella, Giovanni, Sessa, Fausto, D’Errico, Antonietta, Malvi, Deborah, Mescoli, Claudia, Rugge, Massimo, Ferrero, Stefano, Poggioli, Gilberto, Rizzello, Fernando, Macciomei, Maria C., Santini, Donatella, Volta, Umberto, De Giorgio, Roberto, Caio, Giacomo, Calabrò, Antonio, Ciacci, Carolina, D’Armiento, Maria, Rizzo, Aroldo, Solina, Gaspare, Martino, Michele, Tonelli, Francesco, Villanacci, Vincenzo, Cannizzaro, Renato, Canzonieri, Vincenzo, Florena, Ada Maria, Biancone, Livia, Monteleone, Giovanni, Caronna, Roberto, Ciardi, Antonio, Elli, Luca, Caprioli, Flavio, Vecchi, Maurizio, D’Incà, Renata, Zingone, Fabiana, D’Odorico, Anna, Lenti, Marco Vincenzo, Oreggia, Barbara, Reggiani Bonetti, Luca, Giannone, Antonino Giulio, Orlandi, Augusto, Barresi, Valeria, Ciccocioppo, Rachele, Amodeo, Giuseppe, Biletta, Elena, Luinetti, Ombretta, Pedrazzoli, Paolo, Pietrabissa, Andrea, Corazza, Gino Roberto, Solcia, Enrico, Paulli, Marco, and Di Sabatino, Antonio

Published
2021
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15. The surgical management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop.

Author

Udelsman, Robert, Åkerström, Göran, Biagini, Carlo, Duh, Quan-Yang, Miccoli, Paolo, Niederle, Bruno, and Tonelli, Francesco

Subjects
Patient Safety, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Management of diseases and conditions, 7.3 Management and decision making, 6.4 Surgery, Asymptomatic Diseases, Education, Endocrinology, Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Hyperparathyroidism, Primary, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

ObjectiveThe surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has undergone considerable advances over the past two decades. The purpose of this report is to review these advances.ParticipantsThis subgroup was constituted by the Steering Committee of the Fourth International Workshop on the Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism to address key questions related to the surgical management of PHPT.EvidenceData since the last International Workshop were presented and discussed in detail. The topics included improvements in preoperative imaging, intraoperative adjuncts, refinements in local and regional anesthesia, and rapid intraoperative PTH assays.Consensus processQuestions were developed by the International Task Force on PHPT. A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies was undertaken. After extensive review and discussion, the subgroup agreed on what recommendations should be made to the Expert Panel regarding surgical approaches to parathyroidectomy.Conclusions1) All patients with PHPT who meet surgical criteria should be referred to an experienced endocrine surgeon to discuss the risks, benefits, and potential complications of surgery. 2) Patients who do not meet surgical criteria and in whom there are no medical contraindications to surgery may request a visit with an experienced endocrine surgeon. Alternatively, a multidisciplinary endocrine conference with surgeon involvement could be employed to address all relevant issues. 3) Imaging is not a diagnostic procedure; it is a localization procedure to help the surgeon optimize the operative plan. 4) The frequency of hereditary forms of PHPT may be underappreciated and needs to be assessed with increased vigilance. And 5) surgery is likely to benefit patients due to high cure rates, low complication rates, and the likelihood of reversing skeletal manifestations.

Published
2014

18. List of Contributors

Author

Abraham, David, primary, Almeida, Maria, additional, Ambrogini, Elena, additional, Arnold, Andrew, additional, Bakos, Bence, additional, Bergwitz, Clemens, additional, Bikle, Daniel D., additional, Bilezikian, John P., additional, Binkley, Neil, additional, Bisello, Alessandro, additional, Bonewald, L.F., additional, Bou-Gharios, George, additional, Bouillon, Roger, additional, Bouxsein, Mary L., additional, Boyce, Brendan F., additional, Boyd, Steven, additional, Brandi, Maria Luisa, additional, Burr, David B., additional, Calvi, Laura M., additional, Canalis, Ernesto, additional, Cao, Xu, additional, Carmeliet, Geert, additional, Carpenter, Thomas O., additional, Chang, Wenhan, additional, Chim, Shek Man, additional, Choudhary, Shilpa, additional, Christakos, Sylvia, additional, Chun, Yong-Hee Patricia, additional, Cipriani, Cristiana, additional, Civitelli, Roberto, additional, Clemens, Thomas L., additional, Collins, Michael T., additional, Conte, Caterina, additional, Cooper, Mark S., additional, Cornish, Jillian, additional, Cremers, Serge, additional, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, additional, de Crombrugghe, Benoit, additional, DeLuca, Hector F., additional, Dempster, David W., additional, Drake, Matthew T., additional, Ducy, Patricia, additional, Ebetino, Frank H., additional, Engelke, Klaus, additional, Erben, Reinhold G., additional, Eyre, David R., additional, Farber, Charles R., additional, Feigenson, Marina, additional, Ferron, Mathieu, additional, Florenzano, Pablo, additional, Fontana, Francesca, additional, Foster, Brian L., additional, Friedman, Peter A., additional, Fukumoto, Seiji, additional, Gamer, Laura W., additional, Gardella, Thomas J., additional, Garnero, Patrick, additional, Genant, Harry K., additional, Giusti, Francesca, additional, Göbel, Andy, additional, Goltzman, David, additional, Gorski, Jeffrey P., additional, Griffith, James, additional, G Russell, R. Graham, additional, Hankenson, Kurt D., additional, Hannan, Fadil M., additional, Harris, Stephen E., additional, Hartley, Iris R., additional, Hartmann, Christine, additional, Heaney, Robert P., additional, Hendy, Geoffrey N., additional, Hilton, Matthew J., additional, Hofbauer, Lorenz C., additional, Holdsworth, Gill, additional, Hsu, Yi-Hsiang, additional, Hudson, David M., additional, Hurley, Marja, additional, Insogna, Karl L., additional, Jilka, Robert L., additional, Johnson, Mark L., additional, Johnson, Rachelle W., additional, Jones, Glenville, additional, Judex, Stefan, additional, Jüppner, Harald, additional, Kalajzic, Ivo, additional, Karsenty, Gérard, additional, Ke, Hua Zhu, additional, Khosla, Sundeep, additional, Kiel, Douglas P., additional, Klein-Nulend, J., additional, Ko, Frank C., additional, Kobayashi, Yasuhiro, additional, Konrad, Martin, additional, Kostenuik, Paul J., additional, Kovacs, Christopher S., additional, Kremer, Richard, additional, Krishnan, Venkatesh, additional, Kronenberg, Henry M., additional, Lakatos, Peter A., additional, Liberman, Uri A., additional, Lorenzo, Joseph A., additional, Lynch, Conor C., additional, Lyons, Karen M., additional, Ma, Y. Linda, additional, Maes, Christa, additional, Mannstadt, Michael, additional, Manolagas, Stavros, additional, Marcus, Robert, additional, Maridas, David E., additional, Marie, Pierre J., additional, Marini, Francesca, additional, Markovac, Jasna, additional, Martin, T. John, additional, Matthews, Brya G., additional, Maurizi, Antonio, additional, Mirfakhraee, Sasan, additional, Moe, Sharon M., additional, Monroe, David G., additional, Moreira, Carolina A., additional, Müller, Ralph, additional, Musson, David S., additional, Nakatani, Teruyo, additional, Naot, Dorit, additional, Napoli, Nicola, additional, Naveh-Many, Tally, additional, Nemeth, Edward F., additional, Nickolas, Thomas L., additional, Ominsky, Michael S., additional, Ono, Noriaki, additional, Ornitz, David M., additional, Partridge, Nicola C., additional, Patel, Vihitaben S., additional, Pike, J. Wesley, additional, Pilbeam, Carol, additional, Plum, Lori, additional, Potts, John T., additional, Puzas, J. Edward, additional, Rachner, Tilman D., additional, Rakian, Audrey, additional, Rakian, Rubie, additional, Renthal, Nora E., additional, Rhoades (Sterling), Julie A., additional, Riminucci, Mara, additional, Roberts, Scott J., additional, Robey, Pamela Gehron, additional, Rogers, Michael J., additional, Roodman, G. David, additional, Rosen, Clifford J., additional, Rosen, Vicki, additional, Rowe, David W., additional, Rubin, Janet, additional, Rubin, Clinton T., additional, Schlingmann, Karl P., additional, Seeman, Ego, additional, Seibel, Markus J., additional, Sempos, Chris, additional, Shoback, Dolores M., additional, Silve, Caroline, additional, Silver, Justin, additional, Sims, Natalie A., additional, Singer, Frederick R., additional, Stains, Joseph P., additional, Stegen, Steve, additional, Stern, Paula H., additional, Tabacco, Gaia, additional, Takacs, Istvan, additional, Takahashi, Naoyuki, additional, Tay, Donovan, additional, Teti, Anna, additional, Thakker, Rajesh V., additional, Tomlinson, Ryan E., additional, Tonelli, Francesco, additional, Towler, Dwight A., additional, Tsourdi, Elena, additional, Tu, Chia-Ling, additional, Udagawa, Nobuyuki, additional, Weaver, Connie M., additional, Wein, Marc N., additional, Weinstein, Lee S., additional, Weis, MaryAnn, additional, Whyte, Michael P., additional, Williams, Bart O., additional, Xu, Xin, additional, Yakar, Shoshana, additional, Yang, Yingzi, additional, Zanotti, Stefano, additional, and Zhou, Hong, additional

Published
2020
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24. Correction to: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: analysis of germline MEN1 mutations in the Italian multicenter MEN1 patient database

Author

Marini, Francesca, Giusti, Francesca, Fossi, Caterina, Cioppi, Federica, Cianferotti, Luisella, Masi, Laura, Boaretto, Francesca, Zovato, Stefania, Cetani, Filomena, Colao, Annamaria, Davì, Maria Vittoria, Faggiano, Antongiulio, Fanciulli, Giuseppe, Ferolla, Piero, Ferone, Diego, Loli, Paola, Mantero, Franco, Marcocci, Claudio, Opocher, Giuseppe, Beck-Peccoz, Paolo, Persani, Luca, Scillitani, Alfredo, Guizzardi, Fabiana, Spada, Anna, Tomassetti, Paola, Tonelli, Francesco, and Brandi, Maria Luisa

Published
2018
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25. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: analysis of germline MEN1 mutations in the Italian multicenter MEN1 patient database

Author

Marini, Francesca, Giusti, Francesca, Fossi, Caterina, Cioppi, Federica, Cianferotti, Luisella, Masi, Laura, Boaretto, Francesca, Zovato, Stefania, Cetani, Filomena, Colao, Annamaria, Davì, Maria Vittoria, Faggiano, Antongiulio, Fanciulli, Giuseppe, Ferolla, Piero, Ferone, Diego, Loli, Paola, Mantero, Franco, Marcocci, Claudio, Opocher, Giuseppe, Beck-Peccoz, Paolo, Persani, Luca, Scillitani, Alfredo, Guizzardi, Fabiana, Spada, Anna, Tomassetti, Paola, Tonelli, Francesco, and Brandi, Maria Luisa

Published
2018
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32. Reconstruction After Gastrectomy

Author

Tonelli, Francesco, Scaringi, Stefano, Giudici, Francesco, Bellucci, Francesco, de Manzoni, Giovanni, editor, Roviello, Franco, editor, and Siquini, Walter, editor

Published
2012
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33. Correction: PD-L1 in small bowel adenocarcinoma is associated with etiology and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, in addition to microsatellite instability

Author

Giuffrida, Paolo, Arpa, Giovanni, Grillo, Federica, Klersy, Catherine, Sampietro, Gianluca, Ardizzone, Sandro, Fociani, Paolo, Fiocca, Roberto, Latella, Giovanni, Sessa, Fausto, D’Errico, Antonietta, Malvi, Deborah, Mescoli, Claudia, Rugge, Massimo, Nesi, Gabriella, Ferrero, Stefano, Furlan, Daniela, Poggioli, Gilberto, Rizzello, Fernando, Macciomei, Maria C., Santini, Donatella, Volta, Umberto, De Giorgio, Roberto, Caio, Giacomo, Calabrò, Antonio, Ciacci, Carolina, D’Armiento, Maria, Rizzo, Aroldo, Solina, Gaspare, Martino, Michele, Tonelli, Francesco, Villanacci, Vincenzo, Cannizzaro, Renato, Canzonieri, Vincenzo, Florena, Ada M., Biancone, Livia, Monteleone, Giovanni, Caronna, Roberto, Ciardi, Antonio, Elli, Luca, Caprioli, Flavio, Vecchi, Maurizio, D’Incà, Renata, Zingone, Fabiana, D’Odorico, Anna, Lenti, Marco Vincenzo, Oreggia, Barbara, Bonetti, Luca Reggiani, Astegiano, Marco, Biletta, Elena, Cantoro, Laura, Giannone, Antonino G., Orlandi, Augusto, Papi, Claudio, Perfetti, Vittorio, Quaquarini, Erica, Sandri, Giancarlo, Silano, Marco, Usai, Paolo, Barresi, Valeria, Ciccocioppo, Rachele, Luinetti, Ombretta, Pedrazzoli, Paolo, Pietrabissa, Andrea, Viglio, Alessandra, Paulli, Marco, Corazza, Gino R., Solcia, Enrico, Vanoli, Alessandro, and Di Sabatino, Antonio

Published
2020
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46. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) and the Pancreas - Diagnosis and Treatment of Functioning and Non-Functioning Pancreatic and Duodenal Neuroendocrine Neoplasia within the MEN1 Syndrome - An International Consensus Statement

Author

Niederle, Bruno, Selberherr, Andreas, Bartsch, Detlef, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Doherty, Gerard M, Falconi, Massimo, Goudet, Pierre, Halfdanarson, Thorvardur R, Ito, Tetsuhide, Jensen, Robert T, Larghi, Alberto, Lee, Lingaku, Oberg, Kjell, Pavel, Marianne, Perren, Aurel, Sadowski, Samira M, Tonelli, Francesco, Triponez, Frederic, Valk, Gerlof D, O'Toole, Dermot, Scott-Coombes, David, Thakker, Rajesh V, Thompson, Geoffrey B, Treglia, Giorgio, Wiedenmann, Bertram, Niederle, Bruno, Selberherr, Andrea, Bartsch, Detlef, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Doherty, Gerard M, Falconi, Massimo, Goudet, Pierre, Halfdanarson, Thorvardur R, Ito, Tetsuhide, Jensen, Robert T, Larghi, Alberto, Lee, Lingaku, Oberg, Kjell, Pavel, Marianne, Perren, Aurel, Sadowski, Samira M, Tonelli, Francesco, Triponez, Frederic, Valk, Gerlof D, O'Toole, Dermot, Scott-Coombes, David, Thakker, Rajesh V, Thompson, Geoffrey B, Treglia, Giorgio, and Wiedenmann, Bertram

Subjects
Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors, Treatment, ddc:617, Consensus statement, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Diagnosis, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

The better understanding of the biological behavior of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) organ manifestations and the increase in clinical experience warrant a revision of previously published guidelines. Duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (DP-NENs) are still the second most common manifestation in MEN1 and, besides NENs of the thymus, remain a leading cause of death. DP-NENs are thus of main interest in the effort to reevaluate recommendations for their diagnosis and treatment. Especially over the last 2 years, more clinical experience has documented the follow-up of treated and untreated (natural-course) DP-NENs. It was the aim of the international consortium of experts in endocrinology, genetics, radiology, surgery, gastroenterology, and oncology to systematically review the literature and to present a consensus statement based on the highest levels of evidence. Reviewing the literature published over the past decade, the focus was on the diagnosis of F- and NF-DP-NENs within the MEN1 syndrome in an effort to further standardize and improve treatment and follow-up, as well as to establish a “logbook” for the diagnosis and treatment of DP-NENs. This shall help further reduce complications and improve long-term treatment results in these rare tumors. The following international consensus statement builds upon the previously published guidelines of 2001 and 2012 and attempts to supplement the recommendations issued by various national and international societies.

Published
2020
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