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Extensive research has documented bully victimization as a pivotal risk factor contributing to aggressive behaviors among adolescents. Particularly, the negative outcome of increased aggressive behaviors may be exacerbated when the aggressive actions are novel and difficult to detect. The present study aims to explore the complex relationships between cyberbullying and school bullying victimization and malevolent creativity and the potential mediating role of hostile attribution using two-wave longitudinal data. The present study analyzed data from 262 rural adolescents. The results revealed that cyberbullying victimization significantly predicted malevolent creativity, whereas school bullying victimization did not. Hostile attribution served as a mediator in the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and malevolent creativity in the longitudinal models. These findings provide significant implications for mitigating the negative influence of bullying victimization on the emergence of malevolent creativity in rural adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity incorporates both domain-general and domain-specific ideas. While previous studies have explored the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on creativity in both domains, a consensus has not been reached, and the mechanism is currently unclear. In the present study, we examined which aspect of creativity EI was most strongly associated with in a group of undergraduates. Moreover, we explored the moderated mediation effect between EI and domain-specific creativity. In Study 1, 532 undergraduates completed questionnaires measuring EI, convergent and divergent creative thinking, and creative achievement. The results revealed that the most reliable positive correlations were between EI and domain-specific creativity. In Study 2, 926 undergraduates completed measurements of EI, resilience, gratitude, and creative achievement. The results revealed that resilience mediates the relationship between EI and creative achievement. Furthermore, gratitude moderated the indirect effect of EI on creative achievement through resilience. The indirect effect of EI on creative achievement was stronger for high-gratitude individuals than for low-gratitude individuals. This orientation and other results are discussed. Overall, our findings add further nuance to the relationship between EI and creativity in different domains. This study serves as a basis for other contributions aligned with these concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representation connection (RC) is a stable ability that significantly predicts the accuracy of scientific innovation problem solving while critical thinking has been strongly related to problem solving. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship have not been assessed. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and scientific innovation problem solving materials, we investigated the correlation between RC and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in healthy young participants. We found that RC was positively correlated with rGMV in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and in a cluster in the left medial frontal gyrus (MFG). These results indicate that increased rGMV in the right STG may lead to the ability to overcome misdirection more easily, which may result in better semantic integration of the "certain construction" of heuristic prototypes. Increased rGMV in the left MFG may be associated with forming novel associations and retrieving matched unsolved technical problems from memory. Further analysis revealed that the interaction between critical thinking and rGMV predicted RC in insightful problem solving, and found that higher rGMV was correlated with higher RC in participants with lower cognitive maturity, but not in participants with higher cognitive maturity. These findings suggest that rGMV could interact with cognitive maturity to modulate RC in insightful problem solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of tolerance of ambiguity (AT) is defined as the way in which an individual tends to perceive and deal with confusing, vague, and unclear situations. AT is generally considered as an important personality trait, but the neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in AT have never been investigated. Using voxel-based morphometry and MSTAT-II scale, we investigated the correlations between AT and regional white matter volume (rWMV) and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in 351 young healthy subjects. We found AT to be positively correlated with rGMV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and negatively correlated with rGMV in the precuneus. These results indicate that increased rGMV in the left DLPFC may lead to characteristics of ambiguous stimuli consideration from multiple contexts and risk taking. Decreased rGMV in the left precuneus may be associated with a high tolerance for ambiguity, which attributes uncertainty to self-related factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide researchers with a systematic reference on initial contact with working memory and creativity, we elucidated an essential bibliometric analysis of publications based on the Web of Science database. Results were as follows: (a) Related research started in 2003 and entered a period of rapid development since 2013, with more than 20 articles published annually; (b) Roger E. Beaty and Benedek Mathias had the most publications, while Ryuta Kawashima, Hikaru Takeuchi, and Yasuyuki Taki had the most extensive cooperation with others; (c) only 9 out of 527 organizations had formed locally finite cooperative networks; and (d) eight major research popular topics were identified: creativity, cognition, memory, working memory, performance, fMRI, cognitive control, and brain. Enhancing the study of the neural mechanisms of working memory and creativity through fMRI or functional connectivity is of great significance so that we can understand how brain regions interact not only with brain regions that are directly connected structurally but also with those that are not structurally connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scientific inventions (SI) throughout history were inspired by heuristic prototypes (HPs). For instance, an event or piece of knowledge similar to displaced water from a tub inspired Archimedes’ principle. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this insightful problem solving are not very clear. Thus, the present study explored the neural correlates used to solve SI problems facilitated by HPs. Each HP had two versions: a literal description with an illustration (LDI) and a literal description with no illustration (LDNI). Thirty-two participants were divided randomly into these two groups. Blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI contrasts between LDI and LDNI groups were measured. Greater activity in the right middle occipital gyrus (RMOG, BA19), right precentral gyrus (RPCG, BA4), and left middle frontal gyrus (LMFG, BA46) were found within the LDI group as compared to the LDNI group. We discuss these results in terms cognitive functions within these regions related to problem solving and memory retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on the association between executive functions and creativity has revealed mixed results. Here, we examined which of three components of executive functioning, working memory (WM) updating, inhibition, and shifting ability, is most strongly associated with which aspect of creative thinking in a group of young adolescents. Moreover, we assessed the effects of specifically training that function on various measures of creative thinking. In Study 1, 73 13- to 15-year-old adolescents performed tasks measuring information processing speed, WM maintenance, WM updating, inhibition, shifting ability, and convergent and divergent creative thinking. In Study 2, 68 12- to 14-year-old adolescents were randomly assigned to an adaptive WM updating training or active control condition. Before and after training, all children were assessed using a WM updating transfer task and tests of convergent and divergent thinking. Study 1 identified WM updating as most reliable correlate of most of the creative thinking outcome measures. Study 2 revealed training-induced beneficial effects on the WM transfer task and on most of the creative outcome measures. These results, together with the outcome of previous studies, are promising in suggesting the potential of cognitive training programs that specifically target WM updating to enhance aspects of creative thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed at screening genes for predicting the sensitivity response and favorable outcome of neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer. We downloaded neoadjuvant therapy genetic data of breast cancer and separated it into the pathological complete response (pCR) group and the non-pCR group. Differential expression analysis was performed to select the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After that, we investigated the enriched biological processes and pathways of DEGs. Then, core up/down protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was, respectively, constructed to identify the hub genes. A transcription factor-target gene regulation network was built to screen core transcription factors (TFs). We found one upregulated DEG (KLHDC7B) and four downregulated DEGs (TFF1, LOC440335, SLC39A6, and MLPH) overlapped in three datasets. All DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to DNA biosynthesis, cell cycle, immune response, metabolism, and angiogenesis. The hub genes were KRT18, IL7R, HIST1H1A, and E2F1. The core TFs were HOXA9, SPDEF, FOXA1, E2F1, and PGR. RT-qPCR suggested that E2F1 was overexpressed in MCF-7, but HOXA9 was low-expressed. Western blot suggested that the MAPK signal pathway was inhibited in MCF-7/ADR. That is to say, some genes and core TFs can predict the sensitivity response of neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer. And E2F1 may be involved in the process of drug resistance by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. These might be useful as sensitive genes for the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: No reports of the potential areas of surgeons' aesthetics in blepharoplasty. Aims: To explore the association between the surgeons' own double eyelid morphology and their aesthetics and surgical outcome. Methods: An investigation of 1605 patients was carried collecting the data of double eyelid shape, based on which to propose a preliminary double eyelid classification for analyzing the aesthetics of surgeons. Ten double eyelid surgical cases were randomly collected from each surgeon according to the inclusion criteria, whose double eyelid shape, ideal shape, the selection tendency of surgical approach, most cared factor during surgery, and design concept of eyelid shape were collected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to assess the association between participants' double eyelid shape, aesthetics, and blepharoplasty outcome. Results: Fifty‐three double eyelid surgeons were enrolled for study, whose double eyelids shapes mostly were obviously fan‐shaped (37.74%) and low‐parallel eyelid (26.42%), and the ideal shapes were obviously fan‐shaped (41.51%) and high‐parallel eyelid (24.53%). 54.72% of the subjects preferred to use the full‐incisional method. 45.28% cared for long‐term outcome most. Regarding blepharoplasty outcome style, 49.06% of the subjects preferred obviously fan‐shaped type and 24.53% for high‐parallel type. SEM showed that aesthetics rank increased by 0.692 points for surgeons' shape (P <.001), and surgical outcome rank increased by 0.861 points for aesthetics (P <.001). However, their eyelid shape had no direct contribution to surgical outcome (P =.96). Conclusions: The findings indicated that surgeons' double eyelid shape positively affected their aesthetics, which affected their surgical outcomes further, but their double eyelid shape failed to affect the surgical outcomes directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One common strategy to cope with the difficulties of daily life is suppression. Habitual users of suppression tend to suppress their feelings rather than expressing them. Although this strategy may reduce outward response to emotion, it is not thought to lessen induced negative affect. Moreover, it remains unclear whether people with high suppression scores can reduce negative affect through cognitive reappraisal. In the present study, twenty-nine healthy participants differing in suppression scores were directed to reappraise aversive stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results showed that higher suppression scores correlated with decreased response of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) during cognitive reappraisal. Further, high suppression scores related to enhanced negative affect to stimuli with greater negative affect correlating with decreased dmPFC response during cognitive reappraisal. This study suggests that people with high suppression scores experience difficulty in reducing negative affect through cognitive reappraisal and implicates neurobiological processes that may underlie this difficulty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was used to conduct a quantitative investigation of neuroimaging studies on divergent thinking. Based on the ALE results, the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that distributed brain regions were more active under divergent thinking tasks (DTTs) than those under control tasks, but a large portion of the brain regions were deactivated. The ALE results indicated that the brain networks of the creative idea generation in DTTs may be composed of the lateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex [such as the inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) and precuneus (BA 7)], anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (BA 32), and several regions in the temporal cortex [such as the left middle temporal gyrus (BA 39), and left fusiform gyrus (BA 37)]. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 46) was related to selecting the loosely and remotely associated concepts and organizing them into creative ideas, whereas the ACC (BA 32) was related to observing and forming distant semantic associations in performing DTTs. The posterior parietal cortex may be involved in the semantic information related to the retrieval and buffering of the formed creative ideas, and several regions in the temporal cortex may be related to the stored long-term memory. In addition, the ALE results of the structural studies showed that divergent thinking was related to the dopaminergic system (e.g., left caudate and claustrum). Based on the ALE results, both fMRI and structural MRI studies could uncover the neural basis of divergent thinking from different aspects (e.g., specific cognitive processing and stable individual difference of cognitive capability). Hum Brain Mapp 36:2703-2718, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal burden throughout the world is very high and it keeps escalating due to increasing numbers of immunocompromised individuals. In contrast, the drugs used in management of fungal infections are so few some with high toxicity. Furthermore, highly resistant fungal pathogens are emerging for example Candida auris , Candida glabrata , Candida gullemondii and Aspergillus species among others. Thus now, more than ever, there is a need for combined efforts and an all round search for possible solutions to curb these problems. Therefore, the role of probiotics in management of fungal infections is indispensable. In fact, the antimicrobial activity of probiotics has been screened with promising results against microbial pathogens. Although, recent reports indicated that probiotics may also contribute to protect against fungal infections, the research done in checking antifungal activity of probiotics has used varied technology. This calls for harmonization of the methods used to screen and confirm the antimicrobial activity of probiotics and other candidate microorganisms. We therefore sought to address issues of disparity in probiotic research and their outcomes. Thus this paper is in order as it comprehensively reviews' publications, provides a summary of the methods and future prospects of probiotics as antifungal agents. • Fungal pathogens are increasingly becoming a challenge in the medical field. • Eminent challenges are resistance, association with cancer and few antifungals. • Probiotics is a promising field for the challenges faced in fungal management. • The methods used to screen probiotics need harmonization. • In vitro , in vivo and randomized clinical trials warrant conclusive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy, and it is often observed to overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Previous research has indicated that EH domain‑containing 1 (EHD1) is associated with EGFR‑mediated endocytotic recycling in multiple tumor types. The objective of the present study was to determine the protein expression levels and clinical significance of EHD1, EGFR, caveolin‑1 (CAV‑1) and RAB11 family interacting protein 3 (RAB11FIP3) in PTC. PTC specimens were analyzed for EHD1, EGFR, CAV‑1 and RAB11FIP3 expression via immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The associations between protein expression and clinicopathological features were assessed. EHD1, EGFR, CAV‑1 and RAB11FIP3 expression levels were increased in human PTC. Additionally, the expression level of EHD1 protein was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and EGFR expression (P<0.05). CAV‑1 was associated with tumor size and EGFR expression (P<0.05). EGFR was only associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.027) and RAB11FIP3 was not associated with any clinicopathological characteristics. The correlations between EHD1 and EGFR (r=0.564, P<0.05), CAV‑1 (r=0.865, P<0.01) and RAB11FIP3 (r=0.504, P<0.05) were statistically significant. Overall, EHD1, CAV‑1 and RAB11FIP3, which are key proteins in endocytotic recycling, promote PTC tumorigenesis through the regulation of the transport of EGFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have indicated that caveolin‑1 (Cav‑1) is able to bind the signal transduction factor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to regulate its tyrosine kinase activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of Cav‑1 gene expression in association with the expression of EGFR in patients with breast cancer. Primary breast cancer samples from 306 patients were analyzed for Cav‑1 and EGFR expression using immunohistochemistry, and clinical significance was assessed using multivariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan‑Meier estimator curves and the log‑rank test. Stromal Cav‑1 was downregulated in 38.56% (118/306) of tumor tissues, whereas cytoplasmic EGFR and Cav‑1 were overexpressed in 53.92% (165/306) and 44.12% (135/306) of breast cancer tissues, respectively. EGFR expression was positively associated with cytoplasmic Cav‑1 and not associated with stromal Cav‑1 expression in breast cancer samples; however, low expression of stromal Cav‑1 was negatively associated with cytoplasmic Cav‑1 expression in total tumor tissues, and analogous results were identified in the chemotherapy group. Multivariate Cox's proportional hazards model analysis revealed that, for patients in the estrogen receptor (ER)(+) group, the expression of stromal Cav‑1 alone was a significant prognostic marker of breast cancer. However, in the chemotherapy, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‑2)(‑), HER‑2(+) and ER(‑) groups, the use of combined markers was more effective prognostic marker. Stromal Cav‑1 has a tumor suppressor function, and the combined marker stromal Cav‑1/EGFR expression was identified as an improved prognostic marker in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Parenchymal expression of Cav‑1 is able to promote EGFR signaling in breast cancer, potentially being required for EGFR‑mediated initiation of mitosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double minute chromosomes (DMs) have important implications for cancer progression because oncogenes frequently amplified on them. We previously detected a functionally undefined gene amplified on DMs, Ribosomal L22-like1 (RPL22L1). The relationship between RPL22L1 and cancer progression is unknown. Here, RPL22L1 was characterized for its role in ovarian cancer (OC) metastasis and its underlying mechanism was examined. DNA copy number and mRNA expression of RPL22L1 in OC cells was analyzed using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database. An immunohistochemical analysis of clinical OC specimens was performed and the relationships between expression level and clinicopathological factors were evaluated. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro assays were performed to understand the role of RPL22L1 in OC. RPL22L1 expression was higher in OC specimens than in normal tissues, and its expression level was highly positively correlated with invasion and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). RPL22L1 over-expression significantly enhanced intraperitoneal xenograft tumor development in nude mice and promoted invasion and migration in vitro. Additionally, RPL22L1 knockdown remarkably inhibited UACC-1598 cells invasion and migration. Further, RPL22L1 over-expression up-regulated the mesenchymal markers vimentin, fibronectin, and α-SMA, reduced expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin, α-catenin, and β-catenin. RPL22L1 inhibition reduced expression of vimentin and N-cadherin. These results suggest that RPL22L1 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our data showed that the DMs amplified gene RPL22L1 is critical in maintaining the aggressive phenotype of OC and in triggering cell metastasis by inducing EMT. It could be employed as a novel prognostic marker and/or effective therapeutic target for OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) is a tumor suppressor. However the role of ING4 in human bladder malignancy is unknown. In this study, ING4 expression in human bladder cancer and its potential effects were studied. Materials and Methods: ING4 expression in 47 human bladder cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues was detected by Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. The migration and cell cycle progression of SV-HUC-1 and T24 cells with aberrant ING4 expression were examined. Results: ING4 protein and mRNA were significantly decreased in bladder cancer tissues. ING4 protein level was significantly lower in the group of patients over 50 years of age. ING4 knockdown caused more rapid cell migration and increased the population of SV-HUC-1 and T24 cells in the G2-M phase. Conclusion: Our data suggest a close connection between aberrant ING4 expression and the carcinogenesis of human bladder cells. ING4 may be a potential target for bladder cancer chemotherapy. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phubbing, or the act of snubbing someone in a face-to-face interaction by using a smartphone, is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the digital era. A person being phubbed can feel neglected and has an increased risk of mental illness. The present study examined how being phubbed is related to depression, mediated through self-esteem. Furthermore, this study examined the moderating effect of dispositional forgiveness on the relationship between being phubbed and depression via self-esteem. It was predicted that self-esteem would mediate the relationship between being phubbed and depression, and that this mediating effect would be stronger for individuals with low forgiveness dispositions than for individuals with high forgiveness dispositions. We recruited 995 undergraduates aged 18–20 years from three different universities in China to participate in the current study. Participants completed measures of being phubbed, self-esteem, depression, and dispositional forgiveness. The results revealed that self-esteem mediated the relationship between being phubbed and depression. Additionally, dispositional forgiveness moderated the indirect effect of being phubbed on depression through self-esteem. Unlike what was predicted, the indirect effect of being phubbed on depression was stronger for high forgiveness individuals than for low forgiveness individuals. This unanticipated orientation and other results are discussed. • Being phubbed is positively related to depression. • Self-esteem mediates the relationship between being phubbed and depression. • Dispositional forgiveness amplified the mediation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]