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802 results on '"Tong, Steven Y. C."'

2. Inter-species gene flow drives ongoing evolution of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

Author

Xie, Ouli, Morris, Jacqueline M., Hayes, Andrew J., Towers, Rebecca J., Jespersen, Magnus G., Lees, John A., Ben Zakour, Nouri L., Berking, Olga, Baines, Sarah L., Carter, Glen P., Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, Schrieber, Layla, McIntyre, Liam, Lacey, Jake A., James, Taylah B., Sriprakash, Kadaba S., Beatson, Scott A., Hasegawa, Tadao, Giffard, Phil, Steer, Andrew C., Batzloff, Michael R., Beall, Bernard W., Pinho, Marcos D., Ramirez, Mario, Bessen, Debra E., Dougan, Gordon, Bentley, Stephen D., Walker, Mark J., Currie, Bart J., Tong, Steven Y. C., McMillan, David J., and Davies, Mark R.

Published
2024
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3. Trimodal skin health programme for childhood impetigo control in remote Western Australia (SToP): a cluster randomised, stepped-wedge trial

Author

Amgarth-Duff, Ingrid, Anderson, Lorraine, Atkinson, David, Barnett, Timothy, Barrow, Tina, Bedford, Liam, Bowen, Asha, Bridge, Cheryl, Cannon, Jeffrey, Carapetis, Jonathan, Christophers, Raymond, Clements, Chicky, Coffin, Juli, Davidson, Lucy, Dawson, Rhona, Delaney, Eloise, Donovan, Rachael, Enkel, Stephanie, Famlonga, Rebecca, Figredo, Eleasha, Ford, Abbey, Hendrickx, David, Hoy, Christine, Jacky, John, Jones, Mark, Knight, Jessica, Leaversuch, Francene, Mann, Hannah, Marsh, Julie, May, Pippa, McGinnis, Natasha, McIntosh, Kelli, McLoughlin, Frieda, McNamara, Janine, McRae, Tracy, Middleton, Katherine, Mullane, Marianne, Newton, Rebekah, O'Donnell, Vicki, Pan, Edward, Pavlos, Rebecca, Pearson, Glenn, Pearson, Emma, Pickering, Janessa, Poelina, Rahaney, Read, Clancy, Rodrigo, Kalindu, Sibosado, Slade, Smith, Bec, Snelling, Tom, Steer, Andrew, Thomas, Hannah, Tong, Steven, Walker, Roz, Whelan, Alexandra, White, Kristen, Wong, Bernadette, Wright, Edie, Thomas, Hannah M M, Enkel, Stephanie L, Barnett, Timothy C, Carapetis, Jonathan R, Coffin, Julianne, Snelling, Thomas, Tong, Steven Y C, and Bowen, Asha C

Published
2024
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4. Global and local epidemiology of Group A Streptococcus indicates that naturally-acquired immunity is enduring and strain-specific

Author

Chisholm, Rebecca H., Lacey, Jake A., Kokko, Jan, Campbell, Patricia T., McDonald, Malcolm I., Corander, Jukka, Davies, Mark R., Tong, Steven Y. C., McVernon, Jodie, and Geard, Nicholas

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

The bacterium Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes, GAS) is a human-specific pathogen and a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research our knowledge of GAS infection and immunity is incomplete, hampering vaccine design and other efforts to reduce disease prevalence. Epidemiological studies indicate positive associations between the prevalence of GAS-related disease, the diversity of circulating strains and the degree of poverty in host populations. However, the infection and immune mechanisms underlying these associations are not clear. In this work, we use an agent-based model to demonstrate that observed diversity and prevalence are best accounted for by the hypothesis that GAS infection confers enduring strain-specific immunity, with reduced or absent cross-protection against infection by other strains. Our results suggest that the success of GAS vaccines will depend on their ability to elicit long-lasting cross-protective immunity over multiple strain types.

Published
2021

5. Phylodynamic signatures in the emergence of community-associated MRSA

Author

Steinig, Eike, Aglua, Izzard, Duchene, Sebastian, Meehan, Michael T., Yoannes, Mition, Firth, Cadhla, Jaworski, Jan, Drekore, Jimmy, Urakoko, Bohu, Poka, Harry, Wurr, Clive, Ebos, Eri, Nangen, David, Müller, Elke, Mulvey, Peter, Jackson, Charlene, Blomfeldt, Anita, Aamot, Hege Vangstein, Laman, Moses, Manning, Laurens, Earls, Megan, Coleman, David C., Greenhill, Andrew, Ford, Rebecca, Stegger, Marc, Syed, Muhammad Ali, Jamil, Bushra, Monecke, Stefan, Ehricht, Ralf, Smith, Simon, Pomat, William, Horwood, Paul, Tong, Steven Y. C., and McBryde, Emma

Published
2022

7. Detection of Streptococcus pyogenes M1UK in Australia and characterization of the mutation driving enhanced expression of superantigen SpeA

Author

Davies, Mark R., Keller, Nadia, Brouwer, Stephan, Jespersen, Magnus G., Cork, Amanda J., Hayes, Andrew J., Pitt, Miranda E., De Oliveira, David M. P., Harbison-Price, Nichaela, Bertolla, Olivia M., Mediati, Daniel G., Curren, Bodie F., Taiaroa, George, Lacey, Jake A., Smith, Helen V., Fang, Ning-Xia, Coin, Lachlan J. M., Stevens, Kerrie, Tong, Steven Y. C., Sanderson-Smith, Martina, Tree, Jai J., Irwin, Adam D., Grimwood, Keith, Howden, Benjamin P., Jennison, Amy V., and Walker, Mark J.

Published
2023
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10. Evaluating the role of asymptomatic throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes in impetigo transmission in remote Aboriginal communities in Northern Territory, Australia: a retrospective genomic analysis

Author

Lacey, Jake A, Marcato, Adrian J, Chisholm, Rebecca H, Campbell, Patricia T, Zachreson, Cameron, Price, David J, James, Taylah B, Morris, Jacqueline M, Gorrie, Claire L, McDonald, Malcolm I, Bowen, Asha C, Giffard, Philip M, Holt, Deborah C, Currie, Bart J, Carapetis, Jonathan R, Andrews, Ross M, Davies, Mark R, Geard, Nicholas, McVernon, Jodie, and Tong, Steven Y C

Published
2023
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12. Robust and prototypical immune responses toward influenza vaccines in the high-risk group of Indigenous Australians

Author

Hensen, Luca, Nguyen, Thi H. O., Rowntree, Louise C., Damelang, Timon, Koutsakos, Marios, Aban, Malet, Hurt, Aeron, Harland, Kim L., Auladell, Maria, van de Sandt, Carolien E., Everitt, Anngie, Blacker, Cath, Oyong, Damian A., Loughland, Jessica R., Webb, Jessica R., Wines, Bruce D., Hogarth, P. Mark, Flanagan, Katie L., Plebanski, Magdalena, Wheatley, Adam, Chung, Amy W., Kent, Stephen J., Miller, Adrian, Clemens, E. Bridie, Doherty, Peter C., Nelson, Jane, Davies, Jane, Tong, Steven Y. C., and Kedzierska, Katherine

Published
2021

13. Host-dependent resistance of Group A Streptococcus to sulfamethoxazole mediated by a horizontally-acquired reduced folate transporter

Author

Rodrigo, M. Kalindu D., Saiganesh, Aarti, Hayes, Andrew J., Wilson, Alisha M., Anstey, Jack, Pickering, Janessa L., Iwasaki, Jua, Hillas, Jessica, Winslow, Scott, Woodman, Tabitha, Nitschke, Philipp, Lacey, Jake A., Breese, Karen J., van der Linden, Mark P. G., Giffard, Philip M., Tong, Steven Y. C., Gray, Nicola, Stubbs, Keith A., Carapetis, Jonathan R., Bowen, Asha C., Davies, Mark R., and Barnett, Timothy C.

Published
2022
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14. Early oral stepdown antibiotic therapy versus continuing intravenous therapy for uncomplicated Gram-negative bacteraemia (the INVEST trial): study protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled, open-label, phase III, non-inferiority trial

Author

Lee, I. Russel, Tong, Steven Y. C., Davis, Joshua S., Paterson, David L., Syed-Omar, Sharifah F., Peck, Kwong Ran, Chung, Doo Ryeon, Cooke, Graham S., Libau, Eshele Anak, Rahman, Siti-Nabilah B. A., Gandhi, Mihir P., Shi, Luming, Zheng, Shuwei, Chaung, Jenna, Tan, Seow Yen, Kalimuddin, Shirin, Archuleta, Sophia, and Lye, David C.

Published
2022
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17. Recovery of culturable Streptococcus pyogenes from swabs stored at different temperatures.

Author

Summer, Kate, Tong, Steven Y. C., Carapetis, Jonathan R., and Bowen, Asha C.

Subjects
*STREPTOCOCCUS pyogenes, *BATCH processing, *SAMPLING methods, *THROAT, *FREEZING
Abstract

Improving our understanding of superficial Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) carriage and transmission necessitates robust sampling methods. Here, we compared the effect of storing swab samples in fridge (+4°C) and freezer (−20°C) conditions on the recovery of laboratory‐cultured S. pyogenes. Streptococcus pyogenes colony‐forming units progressively declined at +4°C, but not at −20°C, over 2 weeks. Results demonstrate that freezing is preferable over refrigeration for storage and transport of skin and throat swabs to ensure that culturing accurately reflects the true results of sampling. This is particularly important in remote community research and practice when immediate incubation is not possible or batch processing is most practical, increasing the elapsed time between collection and laboratory analysis. The study suggests that temperature negatively affects S. pyogenes viability and provides a method to further investigate the role of other environmental factors affecting S. pyogenes transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Population pharmacokinetics of unbound cefazolin in infected hospitalized patients requiring intermittent high-flux haemodialysis: can a three-times-weekly post-dialysis dosing regimen provide optimal treatment?

Author

Duke, Carleigh, Parker, Suzanne L, Zam, Betty B, Chiong, Fabian, Sajiv, Cherian, Pawar, Basant, Ashok, Aadith, Cooper, Brynley P, Tong, Steven Y C, Janson, Sonja, Wallis, Steven C, Roberts, Jason A, and Tsai, Danny

Subjects
CEFAZOLIN, HOSPITAL patients, PHARMACOKINETICS, HEMODIALYSIS, DIALYSIS (Chemistry)
Abstract

Objectives To describe the population pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in infected hospitalized patients requiring intermittent haemodialysis (IHD). Methods This prospective population pharmacokinetic study was conducted in IHD patients prescribed cefazolin 2 g three times weekly. Plasma samples were collected at prespecified timepoints and assayed for total and unbound concentrations using validated LC. Pharmacokinetic modelling and dosing simulations were performed using Pmetrics®. PTA in plasma suitable for MSSA (unbound trough concentrations of ≥2 mg/L for the final 24 h of a 72 h interval) were simulated for different dosing regimens. A PTA of ≥95% was deemed acceptable. Results A total of 260 cefazolin concentrations (130 total, 130 unbound) were collected from 16 patients (14 female) with a median age of 51 years. The median (IQR) pre-dialysis unbound cefazolin concentration for a 3 day dose interval trough was 17.7 (13.5–31.4) mg/L. The median (IQR) unbound fraction was 0.38 (0.32–0.46). The lowest pre-dialysis unbound concentration was 9.1 mg/L. A two-compartment model with a complex protein-binding component adequately described the data. The mean unbound cefazolin CL during IHD was 16.4 ± 4.26 L/h, compared with 0.40 ± 0.19 L/h when dialysis was off. Duration of time on haemodialysis (TOH) was the only covariate supported in the final model. The 2 g three-times-weekly regimen was associated with a PTA of 99.7% on dosing simulations to maintain unbound concentrations of ≥2 mg/L with TOH of 6 months. The 1 g three-times-weekly post-dialysis was associated with a PTA of 95.4%. Conclusions A 2 g three-times-weekly post-dialysis cefazolin regimen is supported for MSSA infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Systematic review of the evidence for treatment and management of common skin conditions in resource‐limited settings: An update.

Author

Amgarth‐Duff, Ingrid, Thomas, Hannah, Ricciardo, Bernadette M., Anderson, Lorraine, Stephens, Mike, Currie, Bart J., Steer, Andrew C., Tong, Steven Y. C., Crooks, Kristy, Hempenstall, Allison, Tatian, Artiene, Foster, Rachel, Kavalam, George, Pallegedara, Tharushi, Walls, Kennedy, and Bowen, Asha

Subjects
MOLLUSCUM contagiosum, SKIN infections, ENDEMIC diseases, ATOPIC dermatitis, CINAHL database, SCABIES
Abstract

Introduction: The skin is the largest and most visible organ of the human body. As such, skin infections can have a significant impact on overall health, social wellbeing and self‐image. In 2019, we published a systematic review of the treatment, prevention and public health control of skin infections including impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies and tinea in resource‐limited settings where skin infections are endemic. This current review serves as an update to assess the evidence for treatment of these conditions as well as atopic dermatitis, molluscum contagiosum and head lice in endemic settings. The data from this systematic review have supported an update to the Australian National Healthy Skin guidelines. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using two separate searches in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and Web of Science. The first search was an update of the 2018 systematic review using the same search strategy for the same skin conditions to identify emerging literature from 2018 to 2022. The second search strategy used the same key terms but with the addition of atopic dermatitis, head lice and molluscum contagiosum from 1960 to 2022. Eligible studies included Indigenous peoples and populations in resource‐limited settings with a diagnosis of impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies, tinea capitis, atopic dermatitis, molluscum contagiosum or who presented with head lice. Studies conducted in high‐income countries were excluded. Articles were screened for inclusion independently by one author with a second group of reviewers independently double screening. Data extraction and an in‐depth quality assessment conducted by one author and checked by two others. Results: Of 1466 original articles identified, 68 studies were included and key findings outlined for impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies, atopic dermatitis, head lice and molluscum contagiosum. Recommendations for each condition based on the available evidence are provided. Conclusion: The importance of assessing literature relevant to the populations with heavy burden of skin infections is outlined in this systematic review. We have summarised updates to this literature, which may benefit in developing guidelines for skin infection management similar to the National Healthy Skin Guidelines for Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Association Between Infectious Diseases Consultation and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Gram-negative Bloodstream Infection: A Retrospective Population-wide Cohort Study.

Author

Ong, Sean W X, Luo, Jin, Fridman, Daniel J, Lee, Samantha M, Johnstone, Jennie, Schwartz, Kevin L, Diong, Christina, Patel, Samir N, MacFadden, Derek R, Langford, Bradley J, Tong, Steven Y C, Brown, Kevin A, and Daneman, Nick

Subjects
ANTIBIOTICS, COMMUNICABLE diseases, MEDICAL care research, BLOOD, RISK assessment, CROSS infection, HOSPITAL care, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, HOSPITAL mortality, RETROSPECTIVE studies, DISEASE prevalence, HOSPITALS, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, MULTIVARIATE analysis, LONGITUDINAL method, ANTI-infective agents, CELL culture, ODDS ratio, SEPSIS, INTERNAL medicine, GRAM-negative bacterial diseases, COMPARATIVE studies, CONFIDENCE intervals, MEDICAL referrals, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, MIXED infections, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Objectives Data supporting routine infectious diseases (ID) consultation in gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) are limited. We evaluated the association between ID consultation and mortality in patients with GN-BSI in a retrospective population-wide cohort study in Ontario using linked health administrative databases. Methods Hospitalized adult patients with GN-BSI between April 2017 and December 2021 were included. The primary outcome was time to all-cause mortality censored at 30 days, analyzed using a mixed effects Cox proportional hazards model with hospital as a random effect. ID consultation 1–10 days after the first positive blood culture was treated as a time-varying exposure. Results Of 30 159 patients with GN-BSI across 53 hospitals, 11 013 (36.5%) received ID consultation. Median prevalence of ID consultation for patients with GN-BSI across hospitals was 35.0% with wide variability (range 2.7%–76.1%, interquartile range 19.6%–41.1%). In total, 1041 (9.5%) patients who received ID consultation died within 30 days, compared to 1797 (9.4%) patients without ID consultation. In the fully adjusted multivariable model, ID consultation was associated with mortality benefit (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI].77–.88, P <.0001; translating to absolute risk reduction of −3.8% or number needed to treat [NNT] of 27). Exploratory subgroup analyses of the primary outcome showed that ID consultation could have greater benefit in patients with high-risk features (nosocomial infection, polymicrobial or non-Enterobacterales infection, antimicrobial resistance, or non-urinary tract source). Conclusions Early ID consultation was associated with reduced mortality in patients with GN-BSI. If resources permit, routine ID consultation for this patient population should be considered to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Good Studies Evaluate the Disease While Great Studies Evaluate the Patient : Development and Application of a Desirability of Outcome Ranking Endpoint for Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection

Author

Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group, Doernberg, Sarah B., Tran, Thuy Tien Tram, Tong, Steven Y. C., Paul, Mical, Yahav, Dafna, Davis, Joshua S., Leibovici, Leonard, Boucher, Helen W., Corey, G. Ralph, Cosgrove, Sara E., Chambers, Henry F., Fowler, Vance G., Evans, Scott R., and Holland, Thomas L.

Published
2019

26. Trimodal skin health programme for childhood impetigo control in remote Western Australia (SToP): a cluster randomised, stepped-wedge trial

Author

Thomas, Hannah M M, Enkel, Stephanie L, Mullane, Marianne, McRae, Tracy, Barnett, Timothy C, Carapetis, Jonathan R, Christophers, Raymond, Coffin, Julianne, Famlonga, Rebecca, Jacky, John, Jones, Mark, Marsh, Julie, McIntosh, Kelli, O'Donnell, Vicki, Pan, Edward, Pearson, Glenn, Sibosado, Slade, Smith, Bec, Snelling, Thomas, Steer, Andrew, Tong, Steven Y C, Walker, Roz, Whelan, Alexandra, White, Kristen, Wright, Edie, Bowen, Asha C, Amgarth-Duff, Ingrid, Anderson, Lorraine, Atkinson, David, Barnett, Timothy, Barrow, Tina, Bedford, Liam, Bowen, Asha, Bridge, Cheryl, Cannon, Jeffrey, Carapetis, Jonathan, Christophers, Raymond, Clements, Chicky, Coffin, Juli, Davidson, Lucy, Dawson, Rhona, Delaney, Eloise, Donovan, Rachael, Enkel, Stephanie, Famlonga, Rebecca, Figredo, Eleasha, Ford, Abbey, Hendrickx, David, Hoy, Christine, Jacky, John, Jones, Mark, Knight, Jessica, Leaversuch, Francene, Mann, Hannah, Marsh, Julie, May, Pippa, McGinnis, Natasha, McIntosh, Kelli, McLoughlin, Frieda, McNamara, Janine, McRae, Tracy, Middleton, Katherine, Mullane, Marianne, Newton, Rebekah, O'Donnell, Vicki, Pan, Edward, Pavlos, Rebecca, Pearson, Glenn, Pearson, Emma, Pickering, Janessa, Poelina, Rahaney, Read, Clancy, Rodrigo, Kalindu, Sibosado, Slade, Smith, Bec, Snelling, Tom, Steer, Andrew, Thomas, Hannah, Tong, Steven, Walker, Roz, Whelan, Alexandra, White, Kristen, Wong, Bernadette, and Wright, Edie

Abstract

Skin infections affect physical health and, through stigma, social-emotional health. When untreated, they can cause life-threatening conditions. We aimed to assess the effect of a holistic, co-designed, region-wide skin control programme on the prevalence of impetigo.

Published
2024
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27. Evaluating the impact of a SIMPlified LaYered consent process on recruitment of potential participants to theStaphylococcus aureusNetwork Adaptive Platform trial: study protocol for a multicentre pragmatic nested randomised clinical trial (SIMPLY-SNAP trial)

Author

Ong, Sean W X, primary, Lee, Todd C, additional, Fowler, Robert A, additional, Mahar, Robert, additional, Pinto, Ruxandra L, additional, Rishu, Asgar, additional, Petrella, Lina, additional, Whiteway, Lyn, additional, Cheng, Matthew, additional, McDonald, Emily, additional, Johnstone, Jennie, additional, Mertz, Dominik, additional, Kandel, Christopher, additional, Somayaji, Ranjani, additional, Davis, Joshua S, additional, Tong, Steven Y C, additional, and Daneman, Nick, additional

Published
2024
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28. Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Author

Axfors, Cathrine, Janiaud, Perrine, Schmitt, Andreas M., van’t Hooft, Janneke, Smith, Emily R., Haber, Noah A., Abayomi, Akin, Abduljalil, Manal, Abdulrahman, Abdulkarim, Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny, Aguilar-Guisado, Manuela, Al-Beidh, Farah, Alejandria, Marissa M., Alfonso, Rachelle N., Ali, Mohammad, AlQahtani, Manaf, AlZamrooni, Alaa, Anaya, Juan-Manuel, Ang, Mark Angelo C., Aomar, Ismael F., Argumanis, Luis E., Averyanov, Alexander, Baklaushev, Vladimir P., Balionis, Olga, Benfield, Thomas, Berry, Scott, Birocco, Nadia, Bonifacio, Lynn B., Bowen, Asha C., Bown, Abbie, Cabello-Gutierrez, Carlos, Camacho, Bernardo, Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian, Campbell-Lee, Sally, Cao, Damon H., Cardesa, Ana, Carnate, Jose M., Castillo, German Jr. J., Cavallo, Rossana, Chowdhury, Fazle R., Chowdhury, Forhad U. H., Ciccone, Giovannino, Cingolani, Antonella, Climacosa, Fresthel Monica M., Compernolle, Veerle, Cortez, Carlo Francisco N., Costa Neto, Abel, D’Antico, Sergio, Daly, James, Danielle, Franca, Davis, Joshua S., De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe, Denholm, Justin T., Denkinger, Claudia M., Desmecht, Daniel, Díaz-Coronado, Juan C., Díaz Ponce-Medrano, Juan A., Donneau, Anne-Françoise, Dumagay, Teresita E., Dunachie, Susanna, Dungog, Cecile C., Erinoso, Olufemi, Escasa, Ivy Mae S., Estcourt, Lise J., Evans, Amy, Evasan, Agnes L. M., Fareli, Christian J., Fernandez-Sanchez, Veronica, Galassi, Claudia, Gallo, Juan E., Garcia, Patricia J., Garcia, Patricia L., Garcia, Jesus A., Garigliany, Mutien, Garza-Gonzalez, Elvira, Gauiran, Deonne Thaddeus V., Gaviria García, Paula A., Giron-Gonzalez, Jose-Antonio, Gómez-Almaguer, David, Gordon, Anthony C., Gothot, André, Grass Guaqueta, Jeser Santiago, Green, Cameron, Grimaldi, David, Hammond, Naomi E., Harvala, Heli, Heralde, Francisco M., Herrick, Jesica, Higgins, Alisa M., Hills, Thomas E., Hines, Jennifer, Holm, Karin, Hoque, Ashraful, Hoste, Eric, Ignacio, Jose M., Ivanov, Alexander V., Janssen, Maike, Jennings, Jeffrey H., Jha, Vivekanand, King, Ruby Anne N., Kjeldsen-Kragh, Jens, Klenerman, Paul, Kotecha, Aditya, Krapp, Fiorella, Labanca, Luciana, Laing, Emma, Landin-Olsson, Mona, Laterre, Pierre-François, Lim, Lyn-Li, Lim, Jodor, Ljungquist, Oskar, Llaca-Díaz, Jorge M., López-Robles, Concepción, López-Cárdenas, Salvador, Lopez-Plaza, Ileana, Lucero, Josephine Anne C., Lundgren, Maria, Macías, Juan, Maganito, Sandy C., Malundo, Anna Flor G., Manrique, Rubén D., Manzini, Paola M., Marcos, Miguel, Marquez, Ignacio, Martínez-Marcos, Francisco Javier, Mata, Ana M., McArthur, Colin J., McQuilten, Zoe K., McVerry, Bryan J., Menon, David K., Meyfroidt, Geert, Mirasol, Ma. Angelina L., Misset, Benoît, Molton, James S., Mondragon, Alric V., Monsalve, Diana M., Moradi Choghakabodi, Parastoo, Morpeth, Susan C., Mouncey, Paul R., Moutschen, Michel, Müller-Tidow, Carsten, Murphy, Erin, Najdovski, Tome, Nichol, Alistair D., Nielsen, Henrik, Novak, Richard M., O’Sullivan, Matthew V. N., Olalla, Julian, Osibogun, Akin, Osikomaiya, Bodunrin, Oyonarte, Salvador, Pardo-Oviedo, Juan M., Patel, Mahesh C., Paterson, David L., Peña-Perez, Carlos A., Perez-Calatayud, Angel A., Pérez-Alba, Eduardo, Perkina, Anastasia, Perry, Naomi, Pouladzadeh, Mandana, Poyato, Inmaculada, Price, David J., Quero, Anne Kristine H., Rahman, Md. M., Rahman, Md. S., Ramesh, Mayur, Ramírez-Santana, Carolina, Rasmussen, Magnus, Rees, Megan A., Rego, Eduardo, Roberts, Jason A., Roberts, David J., Rodríguez, Yhojan, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Rogers, Benjamin A., Rojas, Manuel, Romero, Alberto, Rowan, Kathryn M., Saccona, Fabio, Safdarian, Mehdi, Santos, Maria Clariza M., Sasadeusz, Joe, Scozzari, Gitana, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Sharma, Gorav, Snelling, Thomas, Soto, Alonso, Tagayuna, Pedrito Y., Tang, Amy, Tatem, Geneva, Teofili, Luciana, Tong, Steven Y. C., Turgeon, Alexis F., Veloso, Januario D., Venkatesh, Balasubramanian, Ventura-Enriquez, Yanet, Webb, Steve A., Wiese, Lothar, Wikén, Christian, Wood, Erica M., Yusubalieva, Gaukhar M., Zacharowski, Kai, Zarychanski, Ryan, Khanna, Nina, Moher, David, Goodman, Steven N., Ioannidis, John P. A., and Hemkens, Lars G.

Published
2021
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29. CD8+ T cell landscape in Indigenous and non-Indigenous people restricted by influenza mortality-associated HLA-A*24:02 allomorph

Author

Hensen, Luca, Illing, Patricia T., Bridie Clemens, E., Nguyen, Thi H. O., Koutsakos, Marios, van de Sandt, Carolien E., Mifsud, Nicole A., Nguyen, Andrea T., Szeto, Christopher, Chua, Brendon Y., Halim, Hanim, Rizzetto, Simone, Luciani, Fabio, Loh, Liyen, Grant, Emma J., Saunders, Phillipa M., Brooks, Andrew G., Rockman, Steve, Kotsimbos, Tom C., Cheng, Allen C., Richards, Michael, Westall, Glen P., Wakim, Linda M., Loudovaris, Thomas, Mannering, Stuart I., Elliott, Michael, Tangye, Stuart G., Jackson, David C., Flanagan, Katie L., Rossjohn, Jamie, Gras, Stephanie, Davies, Jane, Miller, Adrian, Tong, Steven Y. C., Purcell, Anthony W., and Kedzierska, Katherine

Published
2021
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30. Does Adjunctive Clindamycin Have a Role in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia? A Protocol for the Adjunctive Treatment Domain of the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author

Anpalagan, Keerthi, Dotel, Ravindra, MacFadden, Derek R, Smith, Simon, Voss, Lesley, Petersiel, Neta, Marks, Michael, Marsh, Julie, Mahar, Robert K, McGlothlin, Anna, Lee, Todd C, Goodman, Anna, Morpeth, Susan, Davis, Joshua S, Tong, Steven Y C, Bowen, Asha C, and Group, the Adjunctive Clindamycin Domain-Specific Working Group for the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) Trial

Subjects
STAPHYLOCOCCAL diseases, BACTEREMIA, STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, CLINDAMYCIN
Abstract

Background The use of adjunctive antibiotics directed against exotoxin production in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is widespread, and it is recommended in many guidelines, but this is based on limited evidence. Existing guidelines are based on the theoretical premise of toxin suppression, as many strains of S. aureus produce toxins such as leukocidins (eg, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, exfoliative toxins, and various enterotoxins). Many clinicians therefore believe that limiting exotoxin production release by S. aureus could reduce its virulence and improve clinical outcomes. Clindamycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, is commonly used for this purpose. We report the domain-specific protocol, embedded in a large adaptive, platform trial, seeking to definitively answer this question. Methods and Analysis The Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial is a pragmatic, randomized, multicenter adaptive platform trial that aims to compare different SAB therapies, simultaneously, for 90-day mortality rates. The adjunctive treatment domain aims to test the effectiveness of adjunctive antibiotics, initially comparing clindamycin to no adjunctive antibiotic, but future adaptations may include other agents. Individuals will be randomized to receive either 5 days of adjunctive clindamycin (or lincomycin) or no adjunctive antibiotic therapy alongside standard-of-care antibiotics. Most participants with SAB (within 72 hours of index blood culture and with no contraindications) will be eligible to participate in this domain. Prespecified analyses are defined in the statistical appendix to the core protocol, and domain-specific secondary analyses will be adjusted for resistance to clindamycin, disease phenotype (complicated or uncomplicated SAB) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin–positive isolate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Lower Rates of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection in Patients on Hemodialysis Receiving Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Melioidosis Prophylaxis.

Author

Bryce, Aliya, Davison, Sara, Currie, Bart J, Birrell, Johanna M, Baird, Robert W, Abeyaratne, Asanga, Majoni, Sandawana William, Brewster-O'Brien, Teana, and Tong, Steven Y C

Subjects
STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus infections, HEMODIALYSIS patients, MELIOIDOSIS, ANTIBIOTIC prophylaxis, STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus
Abstract

Hemodialysis is a risk factor for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SAB). In this single-center study, SAB rates were 56% lower during the monsoonal wet season when patients on hemodialysis receive supervised melioidosis prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This intervention may reduce SAB rates in high-risk patients; however, further targeted studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Epidemiology and clinical relevance of persistent bacteraemia in patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infection: a retrospective cohort study.

Author

Ong, Sean W X, Luo, Jin, Fridman, Daniel J, Lee, Samantha M, Johnstone, Jennie, Schwartz, Kevin L, Diong, Christina, Patel, Samir N, Macfadden, Derek R, Langford, Bradley J, Tong, Steven Y C, Brown, Kevin A, and Daneman, Nick

Subjects
SOFT tissue infections, BACTEREMIA, LOGISTIC regression analysis, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, GRAM-negative bacteria, NOSOCOMIAL infections
Abstract

Objectives The risk factors and outcomes associated with persistent bacteraemia in Gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) are not well described. We conducted a follow-on analysis of a retrospective population-wide cohort to characterize persistent bacteraemia in patients with GN-BSI. Methods We included all hospitalized patients >18 years old with GN-BSI between April 2017 and December 2021 in Ontario who received follow-up blood culture (FUBC) 2–5 days after the index positive blood culture. Persistent bacteraemia was defined as having a positive FUBC with the same Gram-negative organism as the index blood culture. We identified variables independently associated with persistent bacteraemia in a multivariable logistic regression model. We evaluated whether persistent bacteraemia was associated with increased odds of 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results In this study, 8807 patients were included; 600 (6.8%) had persistent bacteraemia. Having a permanent catheter, antimicrobial resistance, nosocomial infection, ICU admission, respiratory or skin and soft tissue source of infection, and infection by a non-fermenter or non-Enterobacterales/anaerobic organism were associated with increased odds of having persistent bacteraemia. The 30-day mortality was 17.2% versus 9.6% in those with and without persistent bacteraemia (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.29–2.11), while 90-day mortality was 25.5% versus 16.9%, respectively (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.24–1.89). Prevalence and odds of developing persistent bacteraemia varied widely depending on causative organism. Conclusions Persistent bacteraemia is uncommon in GN-BSI but is associated with poorer outcomes. A validated risk stratification tool may be useful to identify patients with persistent bacteraemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Atlas of group A streptococcal vaccine candidates compiled using large-scale comparative genomics

Author

Davies, Mark R., McIntyre, Liam, Mutreja, Ankur, Lacey, Jake A., Lees, John A., Towers, Rebecca J., Duchêne, Sebastián, Smeesters, Pierre R., Frost, Hannah R., Price, David J., Holden, Matthew T. G., David, Sophia, Giffard, Philip M., Worthing, Kate A., Seale, Anna C., Berkley, James A., Harris, Simon R., Rivera-Hernandez, Tania, Berking, Olga, Cork, Amanda J., Torres, Rosângela S. L. A., Lithgow, Trevor, Strugnell, Richard A., Bergmann, Rene, Nitsche-Schmitz, Patric, Chhatwal, Gusharan S., Bentley, Stephen D., Fraser, John D., Moreland, Nicole J., Carapetis, Jonathan R., Steer, Andrew C., Parkhill, Julian, Saul, Allan, Williamson, Deborah A., Currie, Bart J., Tong, Steven Y. C., Dougan, Gordon, and Walker, Mark J.

Published
2019
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36. Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Infective Endocarditis Associated with Staphylococcus aureus

Author

Bergin, Stephen P., Holland, Thomas L., Fowler, Vance G., Jr, Tong, Steven Y. C., Compans, Richard W, Series editor, Malissen, Bernard, Series editor, Aktories, Klaus, Series editor, Rappuoli, Rino, Series editor, Galan, Jorge E., Series editor, Ahmed, Rafi, Series editor, Palme, Klaus, Series editor, Casadevall, Arturo, Series editor, Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo, Series editor, Iwasaki, Akiko, Series editor, Bagnoli, Fabio, editor, and Grandi, Guido, editor

Published
2017
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44. Combination of Antistaphylococcal β-Lactam With Standard Therapy Compared to Standard Therapy Alone for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CAMERA2 Trial Using a Desirability of Outcome Ranking Approach

Author

Petersiel, Neta, Davis, Joshua S, Meagher, Niamh, Price, David J, Tong, Steven Y C, and Group, Combination Antibiotics for MEthicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMERA2) Study

Subjects
METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus, BACTEREMIA, LENGTH of stay in hospitals, RATINGS of hospitals, ORDINAL measurement
Abstract

Background Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) is an emerging approach to clinical trial outcome measurement using an ordinal scale to incorporate efficacy and safety endpoints. Methods We applied a previously validated DOOR endpoint to a cohort of CAMERA2 trial participants with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MRSAB). Participants were randomly assigned to standard therapy, or to standard therapy plus an antistaphylococcal β-lactam (combination therapy). Each participant was assigned a DOOR category, within which they were further ranked according to their hospital length of stay (LOS) and duration of intravenous antibiotic treatment. We calculated the probability and the generalized odds ratio of participants receiving combination therapy having worse outcomes than those receiving standard therapy. Results Participants assigned combination therapy had a 54.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.9%–60.1%; P =.11) probability and a 1.2-fold odds (95% CI,.95–1.50; P =.12) of having a worse outcome than participants on standard therapy. When further ranked according to LOS and duration of antibiotic treatment, participants in the combination group had a 55.6% (95% CI, 49.5%–61.7%) and 55.3% (95% CI, 49.2%–61.4%) probability of having a worse outcome than participants in the standard treatment group, respectively. Conclusions When considering both efficacy and safety, treatment of MRSAB with a combination of standard therapy and a β-lactam likely results in a worse clinical outcome than standard therapy. However, a small benefit of combination therapy cannot be excluded. Most likely the toxicity of combination therapy outweighed any benefit from faster clearance of bacteremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Hepatitis B genotypes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: correlation with clinical course and implications for management.

Author

Hanson, Josh, Radlof, Sharna, Littlejohn, Margaret, Hempenstall, Allison, Edwards, Ros, Nakata, Yoko, Gregson, Sandra, Hayes, Richard, Smith, Simon, McKinnon, Melita, Binks, Paula, Tong, Steven Y. C., Davies, Jane, and Davis, Joshua S.

Subjects
STATISTICAL correlation, VIRAL load, RESEARCH funding, HEPATITIS viruses, CHRONIC hepatitis B, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, COST benefit analysis, DISEASE prevalence, TORRES Strait Islanders, VIRAL antigens, HEPATITIS B, RESEARCH, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, COMPARATIVE studies, HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma, GENOTYPES, PHENOTYPES, MEDICAL care costs, DISEASE progression
Abstract

Background: The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in Far North Queensland (FNQ) is greater than twice that of the general Australian population. CHB is common in Torres Strait Islanders diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) – and in Aboriginals with HCC living in the Northern Territory – however, Aboriginals diagnosed with HCC in FNQ very rarely have CHB. The explanation for this apparent disparity is uncertain. Aims: To determine the HBV genotypes in the FNQ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population and their correlation with clinical phenotype. Methods: We determined the HBV genotype of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living with CHB in FNQ and correlated this with demographic and clinical findings. Results: 134/197 (68%) enrolled individuals had a sufficient viral load for genotyping. All 40 people with HBV/D genotype had Aboriginal heritage, whereas 85/93 (91%) with HBV/C had Torres Strait Islander heritage (P < 0.0001). Individuals with HBV/D were younger than those with HBV/C (median (interquartile range) age: 43 (39–48) vs 53 (42–66) years, P = 0.0002). However, they were less likely to be HBeAg positive (1/40 (3%) vs 23/93 (25%), P = 0.001). All three HCCs developed in Torres Strait Islanders; two‐thirds were infected with HBV/C14; genotyping was not possible in the other individual. All 10 diagnoses of cirrhosis occurred in Torres Strait Islanders, 6/10 were infected with HBV/C14, genotyping was not possible in the other four individuals. Conclusions: HBV genotypes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in FNQ differ markedly, which could explain the significant differences in the clinical phenotype in the two populations and might be used to inform cost‐effective CHB care in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. Gene exchange drives the ecological success of a multi-host bacterial pathogen

Author

Richardson, Emily J., Bacigalupe, Rodrigo, Harrison, Ewan M., Weinert, Lucy A., Lycett, Samantha, Vrieling, Manouk, Robb, Kirsty, Hoskisson, Paul A., Holden, Matthew T. G., Feil, Edward J., Paterson, Gavin K., Tong, Steven Y. C., Shittu, Adebayo, van Wamel, Willem, Aanensen, David M., Parkhill, Julian, Peacock, Sharon J., Corander, Jukka, Holmes, Mark, and Fitzgerald, J. Ross

Published
2018
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49. Inter-species gene flow drives ongoing evolution ofStreptococcus pyogenesandStreptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilis

Author

Xie, Ouli, primary, Morris, Jacqueline M., additional, Hayes, Andrew J., additional, Towers, Rebecca J., additional, Jespersen, Magnus G., additional, Lees, John A., additional, Ben Zakour, Nouri L., additional, Berking, Olga, additional, Baines, Sarah L., additional, Carter, Glen P., additional, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, additional, Schrieber, Layla, additional, McIntyre, Liam, additional, Lacey, Jake A., additional, James, Taylah B., additional, Sriprakash, Kadaba S., additional, Beatson, Scott A., additional, Hasegawa, Tadao, additional, Giffard, Phil, additional, Steer, Andrew C., additional, Batzloff, Michael R., additional, Beall, Bernie W., additional, Pinho, Marcos D., additional, Ramirez, Mario, additional, Bessen, Debra E., additional, Dougan, Gordon, additional, Bentley, Stephen D., additional, Walker, Mark J., additional, Currie, Bart J., additional, Tong, Steven Y. C., additional, McMillan, David J., additional, and Davies, Mark R., additional

Published
2023
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50. Hepatitis B genotypes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: correlation with clinical course and implications for management

Author

Hanson, Josh, primary, Radlof, Sharna, additional, Littlejohn, Margaret, additional, Hempenstall, Allison, additional, Edwards, Ros, additional, Nakata, Yoko, additional, Gregson, Sandra, additional, Hayes, Richard, additional, Smith, Simon, additional, McKinnon, Melita, additional, Binks, Paula, additional, Tong, Steven Y. C., additional, Davies, Jane, additional, and Davis, Joshua S., additional

Published
2023
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