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Information on the effects of government nutrition programmes provided to socially vulnerable children to improve their nutritional status is scarce. We analysed the effectiveness of a nutritional programme, including food supplementation with infant formula, on the evolution of the weight and height of socially vulnerable children from Manaus in the Brazilian Amazon. This study included 7752 children aged 12–24 months admitted to the programme between 2017 and 2020. Weight and height measurements at admission and every three months thereafter were extracted from the programme database. Weight-for-age, weight-for-height, body mass index-for-age (BMI/A), and height-for-age z-scores were analysed using a multilevel linear regression model, which showed a statistically significant decrease in nutritional deficits toward nutritional recovery at follow-up. The programme's effectiveness was evaluated in 1617 children using a paired analysis comparing data from between 12 and 15 months of age at admission and follow-up after 6–9 months. Children admitted with wasting presented an increase in the BMI/A z-score, whereas children admitted with a risk of being overweight and obese had a statistically significant decrease in the BMI/A z-score. Children admitted with stunted growth also showed increased height-for-age z-scores. The nutrition programme was effective for children experiencing wasting and reducing excess weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) in human milk and their correlation to the lactating donors dietary habits from Southern Brazil were investigated. Milk samples were collected from 86 nursing mothers who were also interviewed through a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The occurrence of AFM1, OTA, and DON in the human milk samples was evaluated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and correlated with the FFQ data. The analysis of the FFQs revealed a high intake of foods susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, such as wheat flour and its derivatives, bovine milk, and coffee which had habitual consumption reported by 71, 50, and 43% of the participants, respectively. AFM1, OTA, and DON were not detected in any sample of human milk, even though the results obtained by LC‐MS/MS suggest a possible occurrence of DON in four samples (>LOD: 2.5 ng/mL;