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Countries around the world have shared understanding and unconscious biases of what abilities and personality characteristics men and women possess, and how each gender should or should not behave. Gender stereotypes tend to cast men as more competent, strong, and agentic, and women as more communal, warm, and other-oriented compared to members of the opposite sex. Partly because of such gender stereotypes, men and women are perceived and evaluated differently, and they perceive and evaluate themselves differently. Gender stereotypes are consequential: they impact women's career choices and advancement to the management and top-level positions in the corporate sector, their likelihood of founding new ventures and receiving key financial, human capital, and network resources necessary for scaling up their businesses, their job performance, cognitive resources, and professional fulfillment. Our symposium makes a direct contribution to the 2022 AOM's theme "Creating a Better World Together", promoting cross-disciplinary dialogue among scholars from (social) psychology, sociology, entrepreneurship, economics, and organization theory to deepen our understand of 'how, why, and when' gender stereotypes are likely to influence male-female differentials in the corporate leadership and entrepreneurship. Our symposium has two goals. We bring together scholars to take stock of the literature, identify puzzles in extant work and future research directions, and build bridges for interdisciplinary research. Our symposium features pioneers from (social) psychology whose work on stereotypes has been path-breaking and is considered foundational in research on attitudes, gender, and diversity, along with strong emerging scholars working at the 'biases and entrepreneurship' research nexus. Our second goal is to discuss the effectiveness of existing behavioral interventions to combat gender stereotypes and increase gender leadership diversity in both labor market contexts. The symposium is designed to foster a dialogue between the panelists, discussants, and the audience centered around five discussion topics. It will close with the organizers' summary synthesizing the scholarly exchange. The symposium is designed for researchers in ENT, OMT, and GDO but could be of interest to a much broader AoM audience interested in research on stereotypes, diversity in leadership and innovation, and organizational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the World Business Environment Survey (2000), this study analyzes the determinants of corruption focusing on the country's institutional make-up and the role it plays for corrupt behavior of entrepreneurs. A cross-national comparison supports the hypothesis that the entrepreneurs' corrupt behavior is shaped by both formal (economic and legal rules or organizations) and informal institutions (culturally embedded codes of conduct, norms and values). Minimizing costs of waiting seems to play a crucial role for becoming engaged in corruption. Moreover, the higher costs associated with protecting the property rights, enforcing legal decisions, or simply interpreting business laws and regulations, the higher the entrepreneur's willingness to pay bribes. Similarly, the inadequacy of financial institutions in assisting entrepreneurship results in higher willingness of engaging in corruption. On the other hand, also informal institutions matter. More specifically, the entrepreneur's embeddedness in "closed" (business) networks (with friends, kin, and national bureaucrats) nurtures corrupt deals. Furthermore, business ethics governed by the principle if "others behave illegally, so can I" establish breeding grounds for corruption. The results are robust after adjusting for control variables on the micro-level (firm characteristics) and the macro-level (per capita income and duration of democracy) in hierarchical linear models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurship literature has provided mixed evidence as to whether various resource-providers --such as actual investors or hypothetical providers of financial capital, technology office licensers, consumers, as well as potential employees-- discriminate against female-led innovative start-up ventures in their resource-commitment decisions in terms of the likelihood and terms of resource provision. While some studies revealed evidence indicative of negative discrimination against female entrepreneurs, others have provided evidence of positive discrimination. Yet, another set of studies suggested that entrepreneurial resource-providers are "gender-blind" in their evaluations after accounting for differentials in individual, organizational, and industry characteristics of female- and male-led ventures. These divergent findings point to the need for a more nuanced and integrative approach to studying gender biases in entrepreneurial resource provision, with greater attention paid to both moderating contingency factors and mediating mechanisms. We develop a conceptual model and empirically-testable propositions discussing when, how, and why entrepreneurial resource-providers are likely to undervalue, equivalue, and overvalue female-led innovative ventures. Our model discusses the importance of a key contingency that is likely to influence evaluations of female- and male-led innovative ventures by resource providers: the gender-typing of the entrepreneur's product or service offering. We further discuss the mediating channels through which gender stereotyping is likely to influence the valuation of female- versus male-led ventures. Our model develops a systematic framework and empirically-testable propositions for assessing the occurrence of gender biases in entrepreneurial evaluations and the ensuing resource provision to innovative start-up ventures. We conclude with implications for future entrepreneurship research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses a highly relevant yet under-investigated topic within research at the nexus of gender, entrepreneurship and innovation: potential gender bias by prospective employees of innovative start-ups in male-typed industries. Drawing upon gender stereotype content theory, we suggest that potential recruits are likely to form less favorable impressions of a female (versus male) founder-CEO's perceived agency, warmth, and competence, which will spillover to reduce impressions of a female-led (versus male-led) venture's employer attractiveness, with both sets of perceptions ultimately resulting in a lower willingness to commit human capital to innovative start-ups headed by women. Findings from a randomized online experiment completed by 654 job-seekers reveal a 'double-female punishment' versus 'double-male reward' when the gender composition of other TMT members is also taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This symposium makes a direct contribution to the 2020 AOM's theme to "Broaden our Vision," promoting cross-disciplinary dialogue among scholars from organization theory, entrepreneurship, and economics, to deepen our understanding of "how, why, and when" institutions matter for entrepreneurial activity and innovation. To discuss the latest advancements in literature, we feature the work of both strong emerging scholars and established institutionalists that blend theory-building with empirical rigor. Inspired by recent calls made in editorials of the Administrative Science Quarterly, Journal of Business Venturing, and Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice to ensure rigor in scholarship, we feature papers that address some of the most challenging empirical issues associated with studying institutions and entrepreneurial activity. Our symposium also makes a methodological contribution to the 2020 AOM theme as it blends quantitative and qualitative methods showcasing a mixture of empirical tools that include field experiments, multi-level approaches, panel data econometrics, topic modeling, and case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses three questions pertinent to emergent work at the corruption and innovation nexus: whether, why and how involvement in bribery influences firm innovation in emerging economies. We address these queries by building upon and extending the institutional theory with the economics of corruption literature. We use multi-level data on 15,404 firms from 36 emerging economies to test our hypotheses. Our findings indicate that the relationship between innovation and corruption is curvilinear, i.e., firm innovation increases up to a tipping point and decreases with an increasing involvement in corruption after that. Bureaucratic red tape moderates the link between corruption and firm innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We advance a theory delineating the consequences of the entrepreneur's skill diversity for the firm's likelihood of high growth. We suggest that firms headed by jack-of-all-trades entrepreneurs are more likely to exhibit high growth, and this relationship is partially mediated by the firm-level innovation. Multilevel mediation analyses of 357 German start-ups lend overall support, showing that skill diversity has both a direct and an indirect effect on high growth through the firm's "depth of innovation", i.e., the frequency and degree of novelty of its new offerings. Industry dynamism acts as a catalyst for entrepreneurs possessing most diverse competencies and skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose four papers that collectively contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of gender inequalities in entrepreneurship: they draw on different theoretical perspectives and conduct analyses at different levels of units: the first two papers will focus on macro-level conditions at country level, comparing how institutional and structural conditions across countries affect men's and women's representations in entrepreneurship by, for example, offering different types of incentives to men and women to start businesses. The last two papers investigate gender inequalities in different forms of entrepreneurship by differentiating self-employment from founding new organizations and theorizing the various mechanisms that drive women's entry into different segments of entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]