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ABSTRACT Background Materials and Methods Results Conclusions The aim of this cross‐sectional observational analytical study was to assess the accuracy and consistency of responses provided by Google Gemini (GG), a free‐access high‐performance multimodal large language model, to questions related to the European Society of Endodontology position statement on the management of traumatized permanent teeth (MTPT).Three academic endodontists developed a set of 99 yes/no questions covering all areas of the MTPT. Nine general dentists and 22 endodontic specialists evaluated these questions for clarity and comprehension through an iterative process. Two academic dental trauma experts categorized the knowledge required to answer each question into three levels. The three academic endodontists submitted the 99 questions to the GG, resulting in 297 responses, which were then assessed for accuracy and consistency. Accuracy was evaluated using the Wald binomial method, while the consistency of GG responses was assessed using the kappa‐Fleiss coefficient with a confidence interval of 95%. A 5% significance level chi‐squared test was used to evaluate the influence of question level of knowledge on accuracy and consistency.The responses generated by Gemini showed an overall moderate accuracy of 80.81%, with no significant differences found between the responses of the academic endodontists. Overall, high consistency (95.96%) was demonstrated, with no significant differences between GG responses across the three accounts. The analysis also revealed no correlation between question level of knowledge and accuracy or consistency, with no significant differences.The results of this study could significantly impact the potential use of Gemini as a free‐access source of information for clinicians in the MTPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of crown fractures in immature permanent incisors due to trauma, and identify factors affecting their prognosisto provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University. The study subjects were patients admitted to the pediatric stomatology department from December 2011 to December 2021, and a retrospective analysis was conducted on young permanent teeth with anterior crown fracture caused by injury and followed up for at least 1 year, which were diagnosed as enamel fractures, enamel-dentin fractures, and complicated crown fracture and treated by observation, pulpotomy etc. in the first appointment. The age, sex and time elapsed from trauma to baseline visit of the patients and the location, mobility, stage of root development, diagnosis and treatments were collected. The occurrence of pulp infection, pulp necrosis, and other events in the affected tooth is defined as clinical failure. Record whether clinical failure occurred and the timing of their occurrence of the traumatized tooth. Analyze factors related to the prognosis of various types of crown fractures in young permanent incisors and performsurvival analysis on the affected teeth. Results Among 358 cases of young permanent incisors, 50 cases were diagnosed with enamel fracture, 176 cases with enamel-dentin fracture, and 132 cases with complicated crown fracture. The clinical success rate of crown fractures was 73.7% (264/358) in young permanent incisors. The incidence rates of clinical failure cases, including pulp infection and necrosis, were 4% (2/50) for enamel fractures, 33.3% (58/176) for enamel-dentin fractures, and 25.8% (34/132) for complicated crown fractures respectively. The clinical failure rate of enamel-dentin fracture treated with indirect pulp capping and restoration was higher than restoration only and pulpotomy (χ2 = 10.077, P = 0.004). The clinical failure rate of complicated crown fractures treated with direct pulp capping was higher than pulpotomy (χ2 = 5.501, P = 0.038). The clinical failure rates between observation, smoothing edges and restoration of enamel fractures exhibit no significant differences (χ2 = 0.588, P = 0.999). Risk factors for clinical failure in this study population included patient age over 9 years old (HR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.1-3.9, P = 0.017)、time elapsed from trauma to baseline visit greater than 3 days (HR = 2.3, 95%CI: 1-4.8, P = 0.028), traumatized teeth with mobility (HR = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.2-3, P = 0.004), enamel-dentin fractures treated with restoration (HR = 6.89, 95%CI: 1.6-29.6, P = 0.010), enamel-dentin fractures treated with indirect pulp capping and restoration (HR = 13.8, 95%CI: 3.2-58.3, PHR = 46.07, 95%CI: 8-263.8, P

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) motifs (CpG-ODNs) are ligand molecules for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which is expressed by odontoblasts in vitro and dental pulp cells. This study determined the effects of CpG-ODNs on pulpal immunomodulatory response and repair following injury. Briefly, the upper right first molars of three-week-old mice were extracted, immersed in Type A (D35) or B (K3) CpG-ODN solutions (0.1 or 0.8 mM) for 30 min, and then replanted. Pulpal healing and immunomodulatory activity were assessed by hematoxylin–eosin and AZAN staining, as well as immunohistochemistry. One week following the operation, inflammatory reactions occurred in all of the experimental groups; however, re-revascularization and newly formed hard tissue deposition were observed in the pulp chamber of all groups at week 2. A positive trend in the expression of immune cell markers was observed toward the CpG-ODN groups at 0.1 mM. Our data suggest that synthetic CpG-ODN solutions at low concentrations may evoke a long-lasting macrophage–TLR9-mediated pro-inflammatory, rather than anti-inflammatory, response in the dental pulp to modulate the repair process and hard tissue formation. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of current immunomodulatory agents in vitro and in vivo and develop treatment strategies for dental tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are common in children due learning to walk and lack of balance that leads to falls. Luxation is the trauma that occurs most frequently in the deciduous, being that the intrusive and the avulsive are the ones that cause more damage to the permanent successors. The potential to cause disturbances to the developing permanent germ is high due to anatomical proximity and depends on age, direction of intrusion, severity and treatment. The consequences to the permanent range from hypocalcifications of enamel to retention of the permanent germ. In this case, the developmental disturbance of the tooth 21 presenting with acute dentoalveolar abscess was a result of a three‐degree intrusive luxation of the deciduous predecessor. The tooth 61 was misdiagnosed initially as avulsion, but it was a total intrusion as uncovered after a radiographic examination that showed an image suggestive of the presence of the deciduous tooth. The deciduous was extracted along with his permanent successor through outpatient procedure under antibiotic coverage and local anesthesia. The macro and microscopic analysis of the piece evidenced the presence of elements 21 and 61 closely united, as well as alterations provoked in both. There was remission of the infectious process and after 7 days it was verified the correct healing of the surgical wound. The radical outcome of this case emphasizes the relevance of appropriate clinical support as soon as possible in all TDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous avulsion of four or more teeth is a rare event. This case report examines the dental care given to an adult who, during a bicycle accident, experienced the avulsion of a mandibular incisor as well as all of his maxillary incisors. In the immediate aftermath of the accident, four out of the five incisors were located, promptly collected, and stored in a tooth rescue box, all within a 20‐min window. Replantation and splinting were performed on the day of the accident. Endodontic treatment involved sequential intracanal dressing with an antibiotic–corticosteroid paste followed by calcium hydroxide prior to root canal obturation. 3 months post‐accident, signs of external replacement resorption (ERR) began to appear in all the replanted teeth. The gap created by the missing maxillary central incisor was managed with a three‐unit fixed dental prosthesis, despite the onset of ERR in the incisors used as abutment teeth. Regular follow‐ups showed a relatively slow ERR progression rate over a span of nearly 6 years. The patient expressed satisfaction with both the esthetic and functional outcomes. This case, marked by multiple avulsions, underscores the importance of immediate and appropriate intervention alongside the imperative for carefully considered long‐term management strategies. Given the decelerated bone remodeling rate in adults, ERR generally progresses at a slower pace than in children. Accordingly, this case demonstrates the viability of retaining replanted teeth over the long term, even when these teeth have been subjected to nonphysiological storage for extended durations, a factor known to impede periodontal healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a global public health concern, impacting individuals of various age groups. This systematic review aimed to consolidate current evidence on TDI prevalence, providing insights for improved management and prevention strategies. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases for studies published between January 1, 2000, and July 1, 2024. Studies reporting on the prevalence of TDI in various populations were included. We followed PRISMA guidelines in the review process. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize study characteristics, and a random-effects model was applied in the meta-analysis using STATA version 14 to pool prevalence rates, while accounting for inter-study variability. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were conducted to assess publication bias. Results: The review included data of 151,205 patients from 30 studies across diverse healthcare settings. The prevalence rates varied significantly across studies, ranging from as low as 1.88% to as high as 86.98%. The overall pooled prevalence of TDI, calculated using a random effects model, was 19.48% (95% CI: 11.21% to 27.74%), indicating substantial heterogeneity among the studies (I-squared = 100.0%, p < 0.001). The prevalence varied significantly across different healthcare settings and demographic groups. No evidence of publication bias was found (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the high prevalence of TDI and highlights the need for targeted preventive strategies and evidence-based interventions in dental trauma care.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between eye-tracking visual parameters and the precision of diagnoses and management for traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in anterior teeth, utilizing CBCT to understand how visual observation is linked to cognitive processing. Material and Methods: A total of nineteen calibrated endodontic postgraduate residents participated in this study. They were subjected to an eye-tracking technology to analyze their interaction and interpretation of CBCT images. CBCT scans of maxillary teeth affected by TDIs were collected from individuals seeking treatment at the endodontic division of KAUD. Seven TDI cases were viewed through the Experiment Centre software, integrated with a SensoMotoric Instruments (SMI) eye-tracking device (Sensomotoric Instruments, Teltow, Germany), capturing the participants’ eye movements as they analyzed CBCT image views. Clinical details were provided for each case, and residents formulated their diagnoses and management. The association between the parameters of eye-tracking behavior and the accuracy of both diagnosis and management was examined using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: A longer duration spent scanning the entire CBCT scan and a prolonged time until pathology detection were associated with accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions. However, a significant association was not found between longer time spent on areas of interest or the number of revisits with the accurate diagnosis and management. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that detailed examination of CBCT scans enhances diagnostic precision and management for traumatic dental injuries, underscoring the potential of targeted training to improve diagnostic accuracy. Future research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to confirm these findings.

Abstract This systematic review aimed to answer the following question: What is the estimated prevalence of pulp canal obliteration in subtypes of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in deciduous and permanent teeth? The searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Grey Literature, and Google Scholar, and complemented by a manual search, until April 16th, 2023. Observational studies were selected based on population, exposure, and outcome (PEO) (P, deciduous or permanent teeth; E, TDI; O, pulp canal obliteration). Two reviewers (kappa 0.90) applied the eligibility criteria, extracted qualitative data, and assessed the methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. A meta-analysis was performed using MedCalc 17.2. Thirty-four articles were selected after screening. The methodological quality was moderate to high. The estimated prevalence of pulp canal obliteration was 27.6% (95%CI: 18.7–37.7) and 21.9% (95%CI:16.0–28.4), for permanent and deciduous teeth, respectively. Considering the TDI subtypes, the prevalence of pulp canal obliteration was higher in root fractures of the permanent teeth (78.6 %, 95%CI: 62.8–90.9) and lateral luxation injuries in deciduous teeth (29.4%, 95%CI:19.1–41.0). Our review of 34 articles of moderate and high methodological quality found that the prevalence of pulpal canal obliteration ranges from 21.9% to 27.6%. Pulp canal obliteration was most frequently detected following lateral luxation injuries of the deciduous teeth and root fractures of the permanent teeth (PROSPERO CRD42020179438).

Objective: Dental and mucosal injuries from laryngoscopy in the peri-operative period are common medico-legal complaints. This study investigated lawsuits arising from laryngoscopy. Methods: Westlaw, a legal database containing trial records from across the USA, was retrospectively reviewed. Plaintiff and/or defendant characteristics, claimed injuries, legal outcomes and awards were extracted. Results: Of all laryngoscopy-related dental or mucosal injuries brought before a state or federal court, none (0 per cent) resulted in a defence verdict against the provider or monetary gain for the patient. Rulings in the patient's favour were observed only when laryngoscopy was found to be the proximate cause of multiple compounding complications that culminated in severe medical outcomes such as exsanguination, septic shock or cardiopulmonary arrest. Conclusion: Proper laryngoscopy technique and a robust informed-consent process that accurately sets patients' expectations reduces litigation risk. Future litigation pursuits should consider the low likelihood of malpractice allegation success at trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical feasibility of preventing tooth injury from anterior maxillary interdental osteotomy by using a surgical navigation technique. A retrospective review was conducted on cleft lip and palate patients treated with anterior maxillary osteotomy followed by distraction osteogenesis between August 2019 and May 2022. Patients operated on through image guidance were enrolled in the navigation group, while those who were operated on freehand were enrolled in the freehand group. Tooth injuries were identified on postoperative images. Linear and angular deviations of the osteotomy line were measured. Twelve patients were enrolled in the study, seven in the navigation group and five in the freehand group. Altogether, 24 osteotomy lines and 53 adjacent teeth were evaluated. The dental injury rate was 3% in the navigation group and 27% in the freehand group (P = 0.016). The average linear deviations (mean ± standard deviation) were 0.67 ± 0.30 mm and 2.05 ± 1.33 mm, respectively (P < 0.001), while the average angular deviations were 1.67 ± 0.68° and 11.41 ± 7.46°, respectively (P < 0.001). The results suggest that navigation was able to reduce the tooth injury risk compared with freehand interdental osteotomies in crowded dental arches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The level of knowledge about traumatic dental injuries (TDI) of lay people from a national point of view has never been studied and there is currently a lack of validated research instruments on this issue. The present study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire (TDI‐Q) to assess the knowledge of lay people about TDI, including participants from the five regions of Brazil. Material and Methods: TDI‐Q was drafted, in Brazilian Portuguese, based on the recommendations of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Before its application, TDI‐Q was evaluated by dentists, lay people, linguists, and psychometrists. The questionnaire was applied to measure temporal stability at two distinct times, with an interval of 15–20 days between the two applications: test (n = 110) and retest (n = 50). The presence of floor and ceiling effects were investigated by analyzing the frequency of responses of the questionnaire; convergent construct validity was tested through Spearman's correlation; the Mann–Whitney test was applied to discriminant construct validity. Temporal stability and internal consistency were evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Results: The floor and ceiling effects were not observed (0.9% and 2.7%, respectively); convergent validity analysis indicated a positive and strong correlation (r = 0.50; p <.001). Significant discriminant construct validity (p <.05) was observed. Satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.7) and temporal stability (ICC = 0.82, p <.001) were also achieved. Conclusion: TDI‐Q proved to have good psychometric properties and to be a reliable tool for evaluating the knowledge of lay people regarding TDI in the Brazilian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Childhood dental trauma poses a prevalent concern, and the limited knowledge of lay caregivers toward the needed immediate actions can adversely affect a child's well‐being. This study aimed to create and validate an educational comic book for lay individuals, designed to guide immediate actions in dental trauma cases, and assess its effects toward enhancing reader knowledge. Methodology: The four‐stage study involved: (1) Literature review and script development; (2) Version 1 of the comic book creation (including illustrations, layout, and design) and Flesch Readability Index (FI) calculation; (3) Version 1 validation by expert judges, assessed by the Content Validity Index (CVI); (4) Version 1 refinement based on the judges' feedback, recalculation of FI, and a pilot test (CVI) involving lay individuals who validated the final material (Version 2). The validation process involved 67 participants, including 13 specialist judges and 54 elementary school teachers. Results: The CVI for Version 1 was calculated at 0.89 (89%), indicating a favorable level of agreement on the evaluated criteria. The FI was determined as 91.1%, indicating a high level of readability. The FI for Version 2 was 92.1% (indicating a very easy level of comprehension). The CVI calculated for the target audience after the pilot test was 0.99 (99%), denoting a substantial agreement among the participants. In assessing the level of knowledge, a significant increase was observed in the rate of correct answers after the comic book was read by lay individuals (p < 0.05), inasmuch as the percentage rose from 50.5% before to 81.2% after reading it. Conclusion: The educational comic book proved valid in terms of readability, appearance, and content. Furthermore, it had a positive impact on gaining the knowledge needed to take the appropriate actions, thus making it a valuable tool for guiding the lay population in cases of dental trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are frequently associated with an injury pattern that requires accurate diagnosis for developing the appropriate treatment plan. When children with special healthcare needs, i.e., Hemophilia experience TDIs, managing the situation becomes a challenging task for pediatric dentists due to the requirement of a multidisciplinary approach in their care. This case report highlights the successful management of extrusive luxation injury of a young permanent tooth with an open apex in an eight-year-old male child with severe Hemophilia A. After a follow-up of nine years, the pulp showed significant healing with physiological closure of the apical foramen. The study further emphasizes that timely management of such injuries can lead to improved tooth prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct restoration with monochromatic composite resin is a treatment option for teeth with coronal fracture after dentoalveolar trauma. This restorative material, in principle, is capable of mimicking the color of the dental substrate. This study aimed to report and discuss the technique of direct restoration with monochromatic composite resin, in a child patient. An 8-year-old male patient attended the Emergency Room of the Baby Clinic of the State University of Londrina for immediate treatment after dentoalveolar trauma that resulted in enamel and dentin fracture, without pulp involvement. As a procedure, restoration was performed with glass ionomer cement and referral to the institution's Dental Residency program. In this service, after case planning, the restoration of the coronal fracture of the substrates was performed with the insertion of multiple increments of the Vittra APS Unique (FGM) composite, with the aid of a silicone guide prepared based on a waxing model to facilitate the reestablishment of the palatal surface form and anatomy. In the clinical follow-up evaluation, the aesthetic and functional results obtained were considered highly satisfactory by patients, relatives and dental clinicians. Thus, it can be concluded that the option for monochromatic composite resin is a viable alternative to make it easier for the dental clinicians to perform the procedure and reduce the clinical time, a relevant fact because it is a case of caring for a pediatric dentistry patient.

Objective: To evaluate the quality, reliability and content of YouTube videos in Portuguese about dental trauma. Method: An infodemiological study was developed in which the first 60 videos found on YouTube with the terms “dental traumatism”, “dental trauma” and “broken tooth” were analyzed. Repeated videos, longer than one hour, in a language other than Portuguese, not intended for the lay public, resolution of questions, songs, interviews, shorts, and other subjects were excluded. The content of the videos was rated using a 23-point scale that classified them into low, moderate, and high content. Reliability was assessed using the modified DISCERN scale and the overall quality was assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) scale. The numbers of likes, dislikes, comments and engagement were also accounted. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s correlation test (α= 5%). Result: A total of 55 videos were included in the study. Most were posted by healthcare professionals (92.7%) and just over half (63.7%) were of good overall quality. There were moderate, positive, and statistically significant correlations between DISCERN and GQS scores (r=0.454), duration (r=0.575), and trauma content (r=0.510). Overall quality correlated moderately, positively, and significantly with content scores (r=0.604) and video length (r=0.467). Conclusion: A significant proportion of Portuguese videos on YouTube about dental trauma had low content, quality and reliability information.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dental caries in Brazilian preschool children aged 2 to 5 years. Material and Methods: The following independent variables were evaluated: dental caries, dental trauma, and malocclusions. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Poisson regression (p

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are frequently associated with an injury pattern that requires accurate diagnosis for developing the appropriate treatment plan. When children with special healthcare needs, i.e., Hemophilia experience TDIs, managing the situation becomes a challenging task for pediatric dentists due to the requirement of a multidisciplinary approach in their care. This case report highlights the successful management of extrusive luxation injury of a young permanent tooth with an open apex in an eight-year-old male child with severe Hemophilia A. After a follow-up of nine years, the pulp showed significant healing with physiological closure of the apical foramen. The study further emphasizes that timely management of such injuries can lead to improved tooth prognosis.

Objectives: Dental radiographs are a useful diagnostic aid in the oral health care and dental treatment of children. The most commonly used radiographs are periapical and panoramic radiographs. Occlusal radiographs are preferred in more specific cases. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the reasons for obtaining occlusal radiographs in pediatric patients. Material and methods: Occlusal radiographs of patients aged 1-13 years who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Dentistry between 01 August 2015 and 01 August 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with syndromes and diseases that could cause cleft lip and palate and dental anomalies were not included in the study. The medical history of the 354 patients who were included in the study was provided by the automated system. Results: A total of 359 occlusal radiographs from these patients were analysed. The number of male patients included in the study was 208 and the number of female patients was 146. Occlusal radiographs of the maxilla of 312 patients were taken, of the mandible of 37 patients, and both the upper and lower jaws of 5 patients. It was found that occlusal radiographs were taken mostly for dental trauma in the permanent dentition (156), injuries in the primary dentition (68) and for the diagnosis of dental anomalies (57). Conclusions: Occlusal radiographs are taken for specific situations in pediatric dentistry and are particularly useful in the detection and diagnosis of primary and permanent tooth injuries.

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) may have cognitive, sensitive, behavioral, communicative, and convulsive disorders. Because defensive reflexes are reduced by CP, the risk of orofacial trauma is greater in these individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in patients with CP. This review was reported according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO—CRD42022293570). The search was performed for articles published until January 2023 in Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Gray literature was also consulted through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses. Studies in which orofacial injuries due to trauma were prevalent in individuals with CP were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Additionally, a random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted. Twelve studies were included in the synthesis, of which nine presented a low risk of bias and three presented a moderate risk. When considering the general prevalence of orofacial injuries in patients with CP, a prevalence of 34% [95% CI = 18%–52%; I2 = 98%] was observed, with enamel and dentin fractures being the most common orofacial injuries. Approximately one in three patients with CP showed at least one type of orofacial injury involving dental trauma. There is a lack of literature assessing the prevalence of these traumas in soft tissues and the evidence for this outcome remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify the knowledge about the immediate management of dental fracture and avulsion of Primary Education students of a national university in 2023. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a sample of 112 students that were divided into two groups, middle-year students (61) and final-year students (51), who were sent a validated virtual optional questionnaire multiple that accepts a single answer, consists of 5 general data questions and 10 knowledge questions. According to the stanine scale, it was classified into three categories: Poor (0-7.1), Regular (7.2-12.9) and Good (13-20). Results: 65.1% were women and 34.9% were men. 71.4% of the participants responded that they did not have information about first aid in dental trauma. 39.3% of the students had fair knowledge while 34.8% had poor knowledge and 25.9% had good knowledge. Conclusions: The knowledge of Primary Education students was regular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of bibliometric indices on the avulsion of permanent teeth can help researchers to identify gaps in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of the 100 most-cited articles on the avulsion of permanent teeth. Two researchers conducted an unfiltered search in the Core Collection section of the Web of Science (WoS-CC) database. The following data were extracted: position in the citation list, total number and density of citations, title, authors, institution, country, year of publication, journal, keywords, study design, tooth storage medium, and other topics of interest. Bibliometric networks were generated and analyzed using the VOSviewer software. Descriptive analysis and a Poisson regression analysis were performed (P <.05). The number of citations per article varied between 31 and 407. The average was 70.05, and 13 articles received more than 100 citations. J.O. Andreasen (n = 13) and M. Trope (n = 15) were the authors who contributed most often to publications. The United States was the country with the highest number of articles (n = 31). Authors associated with the University of Copenhagen, Denmark (n = 9) and University of North Carolina, USA (n = 10) showed higher productivity. In vitro /animal model studies were the most frequent study designs (n = 50), and the most-discussed topic of interest was prognosis (n = 47). There was strong clustering among 13 research groups. Observational studies, published by authors from Europe and about prognosis or treatment presented more citation ratio in WoS-CC. Clinical studies on permanent tooth avulsion are needed to increase the quality of scientific evidence and provide insights for health professionals and public policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Dental trauma can happen at any stage of life; however, it is very common in preschool and school aged children. Dislocation injuries in the primary dentition are the most commonly described traumatic dental injuries in the literature. Tooth displacement in the primary dentition is favored due to the greater porosity and resilience of the alveolar bone. Through the study of a clinical case, this article presents the clinical conduct performed in the case of trauma of lateral dislocation with involvement of a fracture of the buccal bone plate in order to assist the clinical practice of dentists who care for children. The treatment carried out in this clinical case study took into account the magnitude of the displacement, the degree of development of the tooth and its relationship with the permanent germ, the length of time since the trauma, and the degree of cooperation of the child in the face of the suggested treatment. This treatment does not only involve emergency intervention; the patient must undergo a radiographic clinical follow-up and control after 30, 60 and 120 days, as well as annually, until the Exfoliation of the deciduous tooth. The child’s health was restored aesthetically and functionally.

Intrusive dislocation is the most frequent type of traumatic injury in the primary dentition, characterized by displacement of the tooth into the alveolus. Intrusions require a thorough physical examination, radiographs of diagnostic value, and follow-up of the case, since the prognosis is unfavorable, mainly due to the probability of damage to the permanent tooth germ. This work aims to report a clinical case of intrusive dislocation in the primary dentition, from diagnosis to follow-up. This is a male patient, 3 years old, who attended the Emergency of the Children’s Specialty Clinic – State University of Londrina (UEL) due to dento-alveolar trauma in the antero-superior region that occurred three days ago. On clinical examination, tooth 61 had grade II intrusion (one-third of the crown visible), and tooth 62 had grade I intrusion, with more than one-third of the crown visible. Radiographically, a buccal inclination was observed, with no fracture of the bone plate. Thus, we opted for conservative treatment, waiting for the spontaneous re-eruption of the teeth involved. Furthermore, parents were informed about the possible consequences of this type of trauma and the need for clinical and radiographic follow-up consultations. After eight months of follow-up, the teeth erupted satisfactorily. It is extremely important to establish a protocol for observation and control of the traumatized tooth, observing signs and symptoms of the tissues involved in the trauma to reduce sequelae in both dentitions.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of Physical Education students about tooth avulsion (TA) in both dentitions before and after receiving an informative leaflet (IL). Material and Methods: The questionnaire contained information about TA in dentition and its management and was applied to the Physical Education students before and after reading an IL. Results: A total of 118 students, 96.61%, attended a first aid course, and 17.80% received information about TA. Most students (88.98%) never had an experience with TA, and 90.68% considered its management important. The other questions, before and after reading the IL, respectively, were: would not perform deciduous tooth replantation (42%; 88%); knew how to handle the avulsed permanent tooth (APT) (38%; 92%); knew how to clean the APT (50%; 99%); knew that permanent tooth replantation (PTR) must be immediate (15%; 95%); knew the ideal time to seek for the dentist right after TA without performing PTR (6%; 83%); knew how to store APT (31%; 97%). Conclusion: The knowledge of Physical Education students in this research revealed a limited understanding of dental tooth avulsion. After receiving an informative leaflet, the students showed a significant improvement in knowledge about traumatic avulsion management, including tooth replantation and proper actions.

This case report describes a favorable healing outcome of the immediate management of an oblique tooth root fracture in the middle third concomitant with coronal fragment extrusion in a permanent maxillary left central incisor of a healthy 14-year-old female patient. The clinical exam showed incisal irregularity, local bleeding, increased mobility, and axial displacement of the maxillary left central incisor. The coronal fragment was repositioned and stabilized with a flexible splint for four weeks. The parents and the patient received medication prescriptions and instructions. Clinical and radiographic conditions remained satisfactory at the 4-week, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Thermal and percussion tests confirmed pulp vitality after 12 months. Hard tissue formation between segments was observed in the radiographic examination and cone-beam computed tomography. In conclusion, the immediate conservative therapeutic showed satisfactory clinical and radiographic results.

Trauma to the teeth is a prevalentproblem in children that can lead todepression, psychosomaticissues, socialproblem,dysphasia and esthetic cancernsfor them. Dentists play a crucialrole in reducingthe side effects of dentaltrauma so that theirknowledge about the causes, preventionand treatment of such trumaisof paramount important. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the knowledgeand attitudeofgeneral dentists’ in Isfahan regardingthe management of dental trauma.Materials & Methods:The present study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study that used a questionnaire consisting of demographic information and general dentists' knowledge about the management and treatment of dental trauma (22 questions) and their attitudes towards the subject (11 questions). The questionnaire was completed by 125 general dentists in Isfahan city who were randomly selected in 2019. The data were analyzed using statistical tests including t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Spearman's correlation coefficient (p value < 0.05).Results:The mean score of general dentists’ knowledge was 13.65 ± 2.71and the mean score of attitude was 39.01 ± 5.98. Women had higher knowledge about dental trauma than men (p value = 0.002). There was also a negative correlation between age (p value = 0.001)and job experience (p value = 0.026) regarding dental trauma knowledge.Conclusion:General dentists’ knowledge, who worked in Isfahan, regarding the treatments of TDI in 2019 was at a moderate level. It is suggested that with holding dental trauma retraining courses about how to manage and urgent treat this traumas, thus being more hopeful to rescue these teeth by increasing the awareness of dentists

Background: Cycling is a risky sport in terms of dental injury. Immediate treatment of traumatized teeth is very critical for the prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge levels and attitudes of cyclists in Turkey about dental trauma and its emergency treatment. Methods: In the study, a total of 12 questions were asked in the online questionnaire directed to the participants in different cities in Turkey. The answers received were divided into three groups according to their cycling experience; Group 1: less than 5 years, Group 2: 6-10 years, and Group 3: more than 11 years, and evaluated with the Chi-square and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. P value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: According to the data obtained; It was determined that 31.8% of the participants in Group 3 and 10.4% of the participants in Group 2 did not use protective equipment while cycling (P

Objective: To assess dentists' knowledge from Minas Gerais, Brazil, about dentoalveolar trauma (DT) and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire with 34 questions was applied to collect personal data, professional training, self-assessment of experience/knowledge about DT, experience in care provided during the social distancing, and knowledge/conduct. The specific responses were evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most professionals (97.7%) had received information on DT, and only 4.6% of the participants considered their knowledge poor or very poor. However, 92.7% felt the need for more information on the subject. Regarding experiences during the pandemic, 55.7% provided trauma care during that period. Forty percent of the consultations were performed in person, and 33.3% of the professionals noted an increase in cases during the pandemic; 56.6% reported that the frequency did not change. The overall mean number of correct answers about DT was 5.29±2.11, indicating an acceptable level of knowledge. The mean percentage of hits for the specific questions was 44.1%. Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge of the dentists evaluated was acceptable, some aspects were deficient, with the need for more information about the IADT guidelines.

The incidence of patients affected by dental trauma is quite frequent. The treatment of choice should be selected according to the severity level of dental trauma in odontology. Periapical injuries caused by trauma can lead to a rupture of the pulpal blood supply. The objective of the present paper is to present a clinical case of endodontic therapy on two necrotic teeth with a periapical lesion resulting from dental trauma. A 36-year-old patient, male, melanoderma, normosystemic, attended the Nilton Lins University Dental Clinic reporting anterior region discomfort on chewing. He also complained about his smile due to tooth darkening. Sensibility tests were performed, confirming a state of necrosis in teeth 11 and 12. In the periapical radiographs, the teeth presented a radiolucent, circumscribed image delimited in the root apex region, suggesting periapical injury. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, the proposed treatment was pulpectomy with subsequent endogenous bleaching. The endodontic intervention was performed in two sessions after exposure to intracanal medication and endogenous bleaching in four sessions, using the association of 37% Whiteness carbamide peroxide and 20% Whiteness sodium perborate. The success or failure of endodontic treatment with a periapical lesion is related to the control of the infection associated with the healing response, whether partial or total. The treatment proved effective after one year of follow-up, supported by the clinical characteristics combined with the radiographic findings, promoting the return of the teeth to their aesthetic and functional capacities, meeting the expected expectations. The patient is under follow-up.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the demographic characteristics of physical education professionals, their knowledge on dental trauma, and related first aid management. It is well known that physical activities may pose dental trauma risks, and urgent care is essential to minimize damages. Methods: Exploratory research with descriptive nature and quantitative approach. The sample was selected by convenience and comprised 31 physical education professionals. A structured questionnaire developed on Google Forms® system was sent to the participants. The collected data were organized and analyzed. Results: Among the total sample, only 5 (16.1%) had information on the subject. When asked about specific actions to manage dental trauma, only few participants stated to the most appropriate approach. Conclusion: There is a widespread lack of knowledge on dental trauma and the correct and immediate management of such injuries. As these injuries occur frequently in the target population of their daily work, this lack of preparation can hinder and undermine the work of the dentist and cause irreversible harm to the victims.

ABSTRACT Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been indicated for apexification because it has desirable properties such as excellent biocompatibility, low solubility and dimensional stability. This procedure consists of inducing root apex formation in teeth with incomplete root formation. This article reports a case of trauma in a young dental element, with necrotic pulp and incomplete root formation. For its treatment, apexification with white MTA was performed, which showed excellent results in inducing the continuity of root formation with mineralized tissue in the apical portion. Therefore, MTA is a viable option for apexification, bringing as its main advantage, faster treatment and immediate coronary rehabilitation of the dental element.

Introduction : Usually, orthodontic movements encompass children and young adult patients, which are more susceptible to the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries. It is necessary to understand whether the effects of orthodontic movements on traumatized teeth could induce pulp necrosis. The aim of this study was to answer the following question: "Do orthodontic movements of traumatized teeth induce dental pulp necrosis?". Material and methods: Searches were performed for studies published up to May 11, 2023, in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, SciELO Citation Index, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Grey Literature Report databases, without restriction for language or year of publication. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tools for nonrandomized interventions (ROBINS-I) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The overall quality of evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Results: Of 2671 potentially relevant studies, five were included. Four were classified as having a moderate risk of bias and one as a serious risk of bias. It was reported a higher susceptibility to pulp necrosis in teeth subjected to orthodontic movements with history of trauma involving periodontal tissues. Additionally, orthodontic movements of traumatized teeth with total pulp obliteration had an increased risk of pulp necrosis. GRADE analysis presented a moderate certainty of evidence. Conclusions: An increased risk for pulp necrosis when traumatized teeth are subjected to orthodontic movements was verified. However, this is based on evaluations performed with subjective tests. Further well-designed studies are necessary to confirm this trend. Clinical relevance: Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of pulp necrosis. However, endodontic treatment is recommended when verified signs and symptoms of pulp necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Midline diastema has been a popular aesthetic problem for children. Several treatment options are available, however, the use of elastic bands without other appliances for closing the diastema still remains a pressing issue in Vietnam, which could be done by the patient’s parents either themselves or under the dental practitioners’ suggestion. Objective: To report a specific case about the extensive extrusion regarding upper central incisors in a pediatric patient due to misusing the elastic band, in which management was complex due to an unfavorable situation for splinting. Case Report: Single rubber band usage for orthodontic movement in closing diastema has been an unresolved disaster in Vietnam, leading to the need for early diagnosis and immediate intervention when facing the complications. Conclusion: Significant information dissemination is paramount for long-term improvement in the oral health of pediatric patients in Vietnam and around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The increasing significance of medicolegal evaluation following maxillofacial traumatic events constitutes a complex issue. This clinical research aimed to assess the current etiology of oral and maxillofacial injuries in Portuguese population. Material and methods: An epidemiological clinical observational study was conducted in Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte on a sample of 384 subjects diagnosed with oral and maxillofacial trauma, between 2018 and 2020. Data were collected through clinical reports and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: Women and men were nearly identical in the number and distribution, with 49.5% females and 50.5% males. In 2020, there was a decrease in the number of traumatic incidents compared to other years. Falls or accidental descents were found to be the most common cause of injury, accounting for 44.3%, followed by assaults accounting for 24.7%. A total of 84 subjects exhibited soft tissue injuries related to periodontal region. The upper central incisors (174) were the most frequently affected teeth with uncomplicated fractures, and the predominant form of treatment was the administration of pain medication. Conclusion: A correlation between falls or accidental descents, female subjects, and advancing age, as well as between assaults, male subjects, and adults, has been established. Falls or accidental descents and assault were the predominant etiologies, and the year 2020 exhibited a decrease in the incidents of traumatic events.

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic features of pediatric dental injury according to age groups using Korean national data. Methods We reviewed the data from 2015 to 2019 Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance registry, which involves 23 emergency departments in Korea. We included children aged 18 years or younger with the International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision codes related to dental injury. Other or combined codes were excluded. The children were classified by age groups: infants (< 1 year), preschoolers (2-6), schoolers (7-12), and adolescents (13-18). As per the age groups, we compared the clinical characteristics, injury event profiles, and outcomes. Results The study population (n = 33,020) consisted of 8,900 infants (27.0%), 15,705 preschoolers (47.6%), 5,295 schoolers (16.0%), and 3,120 adolescents (9.4%). Their median age was 3 years (interquartile range, 1-7), and boys accounted for 64.2%. The most common mechanism, type of activity, and place were slip down (14,274 [43.2%]), daily activity (23,777 [72.0%]), and home (19,980 [60.5%]), respectively. Among the injury types, soft tissue injury was most common (24,357 [73.8%]). As for the outcomes, 32,841 (99.5%) children were discharged, and 332 (1.0%) children had severe injury. As the age increased, the frequencies changed as follows. As for the place and type, household injury and soft tissue injury decreased while outdoor injury, such as road traffic injury, and tooth fracture increased (P < 0.001). As for the type of activity, injuries related to exercise/sports and education increased (P < 0.001). Of the sports activity, ball sports increased while kickboard/cycle decreased (P < 0.001). Conclusion Using the epidemiologic features of pediatric dental injury, it is advisable to establish injury prevention strategies according to the age groups.

Abstract Background Dental trauma is common among children. It has negative effects on a child’s quality of life. Parental knowledge, especially among mothers is an important factor for the long-term success of this emergency. This study aimed to investigate mothers’ knowledge and self-reported performance regarding the management of traumatic dental injuries and associated socio-demographic factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 277 mothers of children (8–12 years) attending the pediatrics department of Alborz dental school were studied by convenience sampling. The participants completed a valid reliable questionnaire about the management of traumatic dental injuries. The predictor variables were the child’s gender, maternal education and employment status, economic status, and accommodation status. The outcome variables were the mothers’ knowledge about the management of traumatic dental injuries (Eight statements with 10 scores) and self-reported performance including four case scenarios of traumatic dental injury (Five questions with 7 scores). Data were analyzed by T-test or One-way ANOVA to test the within-group changes, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Linear multiple regression to examine the effect of predictor variables on maternal knowledge and self-reported performance. Results The mean score of mothers’ knowledge was 3.43; SD = 1.58 (total score ranged from 0 to 10). The mean score of mothers’ performance was 3.38; SD = 1.2 (total score ranged from 0 to 7). Mothers who work (p

Objectives: This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis regarding the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in emergency dental services. Methods: Seven electronic and two grey literature databases were searched, up to December 2021, for studies that reported the TDI prevalence among dental emergencies. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies, and The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach were used to assess the risk of bias and quality of evidence respectively. The R software was used to perform a proportion meta‐analysis on a random‐effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence and respective 95% CI. Results: From a total of 1476 studies identified after excluding duplicates, 38 met the inclusion criteria, and another five were identified through hand searching, summing 43 included observational studies with a total sample of 209099 individuals searching for emergency dental care. The overall pooled prevalence of TDI was 15.4% (95% CI: 11%‐21%, I² = 100%). Paediatric dental emergency services and age group from 0 to 21 years presented the highest prevalence, 29% (95% CI: 22%‐38%, I² = 99.5%) and 24% (95% CI: 15%‐35%, I² = 98%) respectively. Conclusions: The overall pooled prevalence of TDI in emergency dental services was 15.4%, and 24% in the age group under 21 years. Considering the impact of prompt and correct emergency care in the long‐term prognosis of TDI, such knowledge is relevant to organize emergency healthcare and support public policies in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Recent reviews of case reports have pointed out a potential connection between non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a history of NSSI with TDIs in 15‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents. Methods: This study analysed cross‐sectional data from the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey, a prospective population survey of adolescents attending state schools in East London, England. The history of NSSI was obtained using two items from the Lifestyle and Coping questionnaire (whether they have ever engaged with self‐harm and the last time they engaged in such behaviours). The presence of TDIs, increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage were determined through clinical assessments by two trained dentists. Survey logistic regression was fitted to test the association of NSSI with TDIs. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics as potential confounders. Results: The lifetime and last‐year prevalence of NSSI were 11.9% and 6.7%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of TDIs was 16.5%. Neither the lifetime prevalence of NSSI (OR: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.56–1.85) nor the last‐year prevalence of NSSI (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.36–1.61) were associated with TDIs in regression models adjusted for confounders. Conclusion: This study did not support an association between history of NSSI and TDIs among adolescents aged 15–16 years old in East London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most common in young permanent dentition. Replantation of immature teeth after avulsion represents a major challenge in terms of treatment management and long-term prognosis. This case report describes 9 years of follow-up for an avulsed and replanted immature mandibular lateral incisor with progressive external root resorption. Methods: A 7-year-old patient following an accident in which his mandibular left central incisor was avulsed and replanted within one hour after being stored in a physiological storage medium. However, radiographic examination conducted six weeks after the dental injury revealed inflammatory root resorption of the replanted tooth #31. To address root resorption, endodontic treatment was performed involving the use of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication for a short period of time, followed by root canal obturation with mineral trioxide aggregate placed below the crestal bone margin. Results: Three months later the root resorption had progressed. Consequently, a decision was made to perform periodontal surgery. While the long-term follow-up revealed that the inflammatory root resorption had damaged half of the root, the tooth remained functional and aesthetically favourable. Conclusions: Despite the challenges associated with replantation of an immature tooth following avulsion, this case demonstrated favourable outcomes. The tooth maintained its functionality, exhibited favourable aesthetic, and the dimensions of the alveolar ridge were preserved, allowing for the physiological expansion of the dental arch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The consequences of traumatic dental injuries can be even more serious when their emergency management procedures are inadequate. Since traumatic accidents frequently occur at school, it is crucial that teachers be knowledgeable enough to assist an injured child. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the elementary school teachers of a Brazilian city toward dental trauma in permanent teeth, and its emergency practices. A combination of convenience and snowball sampling methods was used. An online questionnaire was distributed through social media, consisting of three parts: demographic characteristics and professional information; previous experiences and attitudes toward dental trauma; teachers’ knowledge of this subject. Descriptive and statistical analyses were carried out. Pearson chi-squared test (p < 0.05) was used. A total of 217 teachers participated in the study. The power of the sample was 95%. Half of the teachers had already witnessed a dental trauma incident involving students, and 70.5% never received any information on the subject. The teachers who were provided previous information were the ones who opted to search for the tooth fragment (p=0.036) in cases of crown fracture, and for the lost tooth (p = 0.025) in cases of avulsion. They were also the ones who chose to wash the tooth in running water (p = 0.018), and look for a dentist in the first 30 or 60 minutes after the trauma (p = 0.026). Most of the teachers assessed did not have adequate knowledge of dental trauma. Having previous information was associated with more assertive practices in trauma management.

Background: Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most common in young permanent dentition. Replantation of immature teeth after avulsion represents a major challenge in terms of treatment management and long–term prognosis. This case report describes 9 years of follow-up for an avulsed and replanted immature mandibular lateral incisor with progressive external root resorption. Methods: A 7-year-old patient following an accident in which his mandibular left central incisor was avulsed and replanted within one hour after being stored in a physiological storage medium. However, radiographic examination conducted six weeks after the dental injury revealed inflammatory root resorption of the replanted tooth #31. To address root resorption, endodontic treatment was performed involving the use of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication for a short period of time, followed by root canal obturation with mineral trioxide aggregate placed below the crestal bone margin. Results: Three months later the root resorption had progressed. Consequently, a decision was made to perform periodontal surgery. While the long-term follow-up revealed that the inflammatory root resorption had damaged half of the root, the tooth remained functional and aesthetically favourable. Conclusions: Despite the challenges associated with replantation of an immature tooth following avulsion, this case demonstrated favourable outcomes. The tooth maintained its functionality, exhibited favourable aesthetic, and the dimensions of the alveolar ridge were preserved, allowing for the physiological expansion of the dental arch.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of sequelae in primary teeth and their permanent successors, as well as associations between TDI and the presence of sequelae in both teeth. Material and Methods: In this 14-year retrospective study, 2.290 records were reviewed, 192 patients who suffered dental trauma in primary teeth were followed until the eruption of successor teeth were included. Descriptive, chi-square, and regression logistic with generalized estimating equations tests were performed (p