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The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) is a European project about building a pan-European infrastructure for accessing solid Earth science data, governed now by EPOS ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium). The EPOS-Norway project (EPOS-N; RCN-Infrastructure Programme - Project no. 245763) is a Norwegian project funded by National Research Council. The aim of the Norwegian EPOS e‑infrastructure is to integrate data from the seismological and geodetic networks, as well as the data from the geological and geophysical data repositories. Among the six EPOS-N project partners, four institutions are providing data – University of Bergen (UIB), - Norwegian Mapping Authority (NMA), Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) and NORSAR.In this contribution, we present the EPOS-Norway Portal as an online, open access, interactive tool, allowing visual analysis of multidimensional data. It supports maps and 2D plots with linked visualizations. Currently access is provided to more than 300 datasets (18 web services, 288 map layers and 14 static datasets) from four subdomains of Earth science in Norway. New datasets are planned to be integrated in the future. EPOS-N Portal can access remote datasets via web services like FDSNWS for seismological data and OGC services for geological and geophysical data (e.g. WMS). Standalone datasets are available through preloaded data files. Users can also simply add another WMS server or upload their own dataset for visualization and comparison with other datasets. This portal provides unique way (first of its kind in Norway) for exploration of various geoscientific datasets in one common interface. One of the key aspects is quick simultaneous visual inspection of data from various disciplines and test of scientific or geohazard related hypothesis. One of such examples can be spatio-temporal correlation of earthquakes (1980 until now) with existing critical infrastructures (e.g. pipelines), geological structures, submarine landslides or unstable slopes. The EPOS-N Portal is implemented by adapting Enlighten-web, a server-client program developed by NORCE. Enlighten-web facilitates interactive visual analysis of large multidimensional data sets, and supports interactive mapping of millions of points. The Enlighten-web client runs inside a web browser. An important element in the Enlighten-web functionality is brushing and linking, which is useful for exploring complex data sets to discover correlations and interesting properties hidden in the data. The views are linked to each other, so that highlighting a subset in one view automatically leads to the corresponding subsets being highlighted in all other linked views.

Modern interactive tools for data analysis and visualisation are designed to expose their functionalities as a service through the Web. We present in this paper a Web API (SWIRRL) that allows Virtual Research Environments (VREs) to easily integrate such tools in their websites and re-purpose them to their users. The API deals, on behalf of the clients, with the underlying complexity of allocating and managing resources within a target cloud platform. By combining storage and containerised services, offering analysis notebooks and other visualisation software, the API creates dedicated working sessions on-demand, which can be accessed collaboratively. Thanks to the API's support for workflow execution, SWIRRL workspaces can be automatically populated with data of interest collected from external data providers. The system keeps track of updates and changes affecting the data and the tools by adopting versioning and standard provenance technologies. Users are provided with interactive controls enabling traceability and recovery actions, including the possibility of creating executable snapshots of their environments. SWIRRL is built in cooperation with two research infrastructures in the field of solid earth science and climate data modeling. We report on the particular adoptions and use cases.

The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) is a European project about building a pan-European infrastructure for accessing solid Earth science data, governed now by EPOS ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium). The EPOS-Norway project (EPOS-N; RCN-Infrastructure Programme - Project no. 245763) is a Norwegian project funded by National Research Council. The aim of the Norwegian EPOS e‑infrastructure is to integrate data from the seismological and geodetic networks, as well as the data from the geological and geophysical data repositories. Among the six EPOS-N project partners, four institutions are providing data – University of Bergen (UIB), - Norwegian Mapping Authority (NMA), Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) and NORSAR.In this contribution, we present the EPOS-Norway Portal as an online, open access, interactive tool, allowing visual analysis of multidimensional data. It supports maps and 2D plots with linked visualizations. Currently access is provided to more than 300 datasets (18 web services, 288 map layers and 14 static datasets) from four subdomains of Earth science in Norway. New datasets are planned to be integrated in the future. EPOS-N Portal can access remote datasets via web services like FDSNWS for seismological data and OGC services for geological and geophysical data (e.g. WMS). Standalone datasets are available through preloaded data files. Users can also simply add another WMS server or upload their own dataset for visualization and comparison with other datasets. This portal provides unique way (first of its kind in Norway) for exploration of various geoscientific datasets in one common interface. One of the key aspects is quick simultaneous visual inspection of data from various disciplines and test of scientific or geohazard related hypothesis. One of such examples can be spatio-temporal correlation of earthquakes (1980 until now) with existing critical infrastructures (e.g. pipelines), geological structures, submarine landslides or unstable slopes. The EPOS-N Portal is implemented by adapting Enlighten-web, a server-client program developed by NORCE. Enlighten-web facilitates interactive visual analysis of large multidimensional data sets, and supports interactive mapping of millions of points. The Enlighten-web client runs inside a web browser. An important element in the Enlighten-web functionality is brushing and linking, which is useful for exploring complex data sets to discover correlations and interesting properties hidden in the data. The views are linked to each other, so that highlighting a subset in one view automatically leads to the corresponding subsets being highlighted in all other linked views.

Modern interactive tools for data analysis and visualisation are designed to expose their functionalities as a service through the web. We present an open source web API (SWIRRL) that allows Science Gateways to easily integrate such tools in their websites and re-purpose them to their users. The API, developed in the context of the ENVRIFair and IS-ENES3 EU projects, deals on behalf of the clients with the underlying complexity of allocating and managing resources within a target container orchestration platform on the cloud. By combining storage and third parties' tools, such as JupyterLab and the Enlighten visualisation software, the API creates dedicated working sessions on-demand. Thanks to the API’s staging workflows, SWIRRL sessions can be populated with data of interest collected from external data providers. The system is designed to offer customisation and reproducibility thanks to the recording of provenance, which is performed for each method of the API’s affecting the session. This is implemented by combining a PROV-Templates catalogue and a graph database, which are deployed as independent microservices. Notebooks can be customised with new or updated libraries, and the provenance of such changes is then exposed to users via the SWIRRL interactive JupyterLab extension. Here, users can control different types of reproducibility actions. For instance, they can restore the libraries and data used within the notebook in the past, as well as creating snapshots of the running environment. This allows users to share and rebuild full Jupyter workspaces, including raw data and user generated methods. Snapshots are stored to Git as Binder repositories, thereby compatible with mybinder.org. Finally, we will discuss how SWIRRL is and will be adopted by existing portals for Climate analysis (Climate4Impact) and for Solid Earth Science (EPOS), where advanced data discovery capabilities are combined with customisable, recoverable and reproducible workspaces.

The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) is a European project about building a pan-European infrastructure for accessing solid Earth science data, governed now by EPOS ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium). The EPOS-Norway project (EPOS-N; RCN-Infrastructure Programme - Project no. 245763) is a Norwegian project funded by National Research Council. The aims of EPOS-N project are divided into four work packages where one of them is about integrating Norwegian geoscientific data into an e-infrastructure. The other three work packages are: management of the project, improving the geoscientific monitoring in the Arctic and establishing Solid Earth Science Forum to communicate the progress within the geoscientific community and also providing feedback to the development group of the e-infrastructure.Among the six EPOS-N project partners, five institutions are actively participating and providing data in the EPOS-N project – University of Bergen (UIB), University of Oslo (UIO), Norwegian Mapping Authority (NMA), Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) and NORSAR. The data which are about to be integrated are divided into categories according to the thematic fields – seismology, geodesy, geological maps and geophysical data. Before the data can be integrated into the e-infrastructure their formats need to follow the international standards which were already developed by the communities of geoscientists around the world. Metadata are stored in Granularity Database tool and easily accessible by other tools via dedicated API. For now, there are 33 Data, Data Products, Software and Services (DDSS) described in EPOS-N list. We present the Norwegian approach of integration of the geoscientific data into the e-infrastructure, closely following the EPOS ERIC development. The sixth partner in the project – NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS is specialized in visualizations of data and developing the EPOS-N Portal. It is web-based graphical user interface adopting Enlighten-web software which allows users to visualize and analyze cross-disciplinary data. Expert users can launch the visualization software through a web based programming interface (Jupyter Notebook) for processing of the data. The seismological waveform data (provided by UIB and NORSAR) will be available through an EIDA system, seismological data products (receiver functions, earthquake catalogues and macroseismic observations) as individual datasets or through a web service, GNSS data products (provided by NMA) through standalone files and geological and geophysical (magnetic, gravity anomaly) maps (provided by NGU) as WMS web services or standalone files. Integration of some specific geophysical data is still under discussion, such as georeferenced cross-sections which are of interest especially for visualization with other geoscientific data. Constant user feedback is achieved through dedicated workshops. Various use cases are defined by users and have been tested in these workshops. Collected feedback is being used for further development and improvements of the EPOS-N Portal.

The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) has established a pan-European infrastructure for solid Earth science data, governed by EPOS ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium). The EPOS-Norway project is funded by the Research Council of Norway (Project no. 245763). The aim of the Norwegian EPOS e‑infrastructure is to integrate data from the Norwegian seismological and geodetic networks, as well as the data from the geological and geophysical data repositories.We present the EPOS-Norway Portal as an online, open access, interactive tool, allowing visual analysis of multidimensional data. Currently it is providing access to more than 150 datasets (and growing) from four subdomains of Earth science in Norway. Those can be combined with your own data.The EPOS-N Portal is implemented using Enlighten-web, a web program developed by NORCE. Enlighten-web facilitates interactive visual analysis of large multidimensional data sets. The Enlighten-web client runs inside a web browser. The user can create layouts consisting of one or more plots or views. Supported plot types are table views, scatter plots, vector plots, line plots and map views. For the map views the CESIUM framework is applied. Multiple scatter plots can be mapped on top of these map views.An important element in the Enlighten-web functionality is brushing and linking, which is useful for exploring complex data sets to discover correlations and interesting properties hidden in the data. Brushing refers to interactively selecting a subset of the data. Linking involves two or more views on the same data sets, showing different attributes. The views are linked to each other, so that selecting a subset in one view automatically leads to the corresponding subsets being highlighted in all other linked views. If the updates in the linked plots are close to real-time while brushing, the user can perceive complex trends in the data by seeing how the selections in the linked plots vary depending on changes in the brushed subset. This interactivity requires GPU acceleration of the graphics rendering. In Enlighten-web, this is realized by using WebGL.The EPOS-N Portal is accessing the external Granularity Database (GRDB) for metadata handling. Metadata can e.g. specify data sources, services, ownership, license information and data policy. Bar charts can be used for faceted search in metadata, e.g. search by categories. EPOS-N Portal can access remote datasets via web services. Relevant web services include FDSNWS for seismological data and OGC services for geological and geophysical data (e.g. WMS – Web Map Services). Standalone datasets are available through preloaded data files. Users can also simply add another WMS server or upload their own dataset for visualization.Enlighten–web will also be adapted as a pilot ICS-D (Integrated Core Services - Distributed) for visualization in the European infrastructure. The EPOS ICS-C (Integrated Core Services - Central) is the entry point for users for accessing the e-Infrastructure under EPOS ERIC. ICS-C will let users create and manage workflows that usually include accessing data and services located in the EPOS Thematic Core Services (TCS). The ICS-C and TCSs will be extended with additional computing facilities through the ICS-D concept.

Similarities and differences in the everyday clinical management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in Nordic countries are unknown. Using a modified Delphi approach, 15 dermatologists from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden completed face-to-face and online questionnaires and participated in summary discussions to map expert opinion on the clinical management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in these Nordic countries. Through discussions, 6 adult patient profiles, reflecting common disease presentations of atopic dermatitis, were identified. Using these case profiles, diagnostic work-up, treatment goals, patient education and treatment approaches were discussed. Patient education was identified as essential for effective management. A treatment sequence of moderate-to-potent topical glucocorticosteroids and emollients, followed by systemic treatment, was recommended, allowing 3 months to ascertain systemic treatment response before switching, if necessary. Consensus was not reached on systemic treatment choice, reflecting differences in clinical practice and reimbursement between countries. Practical, case-based clinical recommendations were developed for optimal patient care.

As part of the Glider project, a data management platform for harvesting data from autonomous marine measurement platforms has been developed. The solution receives data continuously streamed from the autonomous measurement platforms, or Gliders, and builds a database of time-series and bulk data which can be analyzed with interactive visual analysis tools. The data management platform provides a convenient access to survey data in real-time as well as providing scientists with advanced tools for analysis. The user accessible front end is written using W3C web standards and will run on many platforms including a mobile platform solution.

The overall aim of the GLIDER project is to demonstrate an innovative, flexible and cost-efficient offshore monitoring and data management approach. GLIDER consists in the deployment of 3 ocean autonomous and mobile platforms, a Sea glider (Kongsberg), a Sailbuoy (Offshore Sensing) and a Wave Glider (Maritime Robotics), fitted with a well proven suite of sensors to collect chemical, physical and biological data of the ocean space. The aim is to increase the sampling of high quality marine environmental data and provide more flexible sampling schemes. These state-of-the-art platforms can move in space, provide long-term and real-time monitoring, and in addition reduce costs and CO2 emission compared to other traditional measurement approaches. A data management e-platform has been developed along with scientists and consultants to ensure a high integration of the collected data. The e-platform will allow to manage the data from storage approach, to visualization tools, and finally to allow interpretation and use for different end users. We have successfully deployed the three vehicles fitted with sensors from March to September 2018 in the Lofoten - Vesteralen area along the Norwegian coast above the Arctic circle (67°16'48''N 14°24'00''E ) with the objective to get a better understanding of the ecosystem during the spawning period of the Atlantic cod. The data collected revealed that the autonomous vehicles provide scientific information of a completely undisturbed ecosystem unlike what is collected from traditional research vessels from which instruments are deployed. The survey provided significant gain on the understanding on the dynamic and timing of biological events over large spatial and temporal scale. Furthermore, we have successfully assimilated data in real time into oceanographic model in order to improve the forecast. Currently, data are being analyzed to understand the ecosystem from the primary production to zooplankton, fish larvae, adult fish and sea mammals. Analysis will offer i) baseline data on a large spatial scale ii) professional solutions to industry operating in the marine environment iii) scientific data for improving knowledge in ecosystem functioning and structure and iv) input data into existing models (oceanography, weather and ecology).

Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects adults and children and has a negative impact on quality of life. The present multicentre randomized double-blind controlled trial showed a barrier-improving cream (5% urea) to be superior to a reference cream in preventing eczema relapse in patients with AD (hazard ratio 0.634, p = 0.011). The risk of eczema relapse was reduced by 37% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 10-55%). Median time to relapse in the test cream group and in the reference cream group was 22 days and 15 days, respectively (p = 0.013). At 6 months 26% of the patients in the test cream group were still eczema free, compared with 10% in the reference cream group. Thus, the barrier-improving cream significantly prolonged the eczema-free time compared with the reference cream and decreased the risk of eczema relapse. The test cream was well tolerated in patients with AD.

The VIRCOLA project addresses important challenges, which arise in cross-disciplinary research related to subsurface storage of CO2. The specific background for the VIRCOLA project is the research work performed in the SUCCESS centre (Subsurface CO2 storage - Critical Elements and Superior Strategy). One of the case studies in the SUCCESS centre is the Longyearbyen CO2 Lab in Svalbard. A key challenge in working with a large, multidisciplinary project such as SUCCESS is large amount of available data. It is also challenging to utilize and visualize the multi-scale and multimodal data types. Additionally, it is a challenge with regards to effective collaboration as researchers are located at different locations. Our approach involves three major components: the VIRCOLA data repository, a visualization platform for cross discipline research, and finally a remote collaboration platform to access to visualizations from anywhere. We demonstrated our approach for partner researchers. The result has been promising, as researchers were enthusiastic to apply our approach in their research within the center, and our test demonstrations were encouraging to our partners. It is our aim to adapt our approach on a national scale, i.e. in other large CO2 research projects on the Norwegian shelf. Godkänd; 2014; 20151104 (samtav)

Although cyclosporin is effective for the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, phototherapy is the standard second-line treatment for this disease. An open, randomized, controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to compare the efficacy, influence on quality of life and safety of cyclosporin and UVAB phototherapy during 1 year of intermittent treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult patients. The main endpoints of the study were the number of days in remission and the influence on quality of life. Seventy-two patients were treated, 36 in each group. Cyclosporin produced significantly more days in remission than UVAB phototherapy during the 1-year study period. At the end of the study no difference between the 2 groups was noted in terms of quality of life. A significant increase in serum creatinine occurred in 2 patients and 7 patients developed mild or moderate hypertension during cyclosporin treatment. It can be concluded that intermittent cyclosporin seems to be more effective than UVAB and is reasonably safe for the treatment of atopic dermatitis over a 1-year treatment period.

Finding oil is always a difficult and expensive task, and moving exploration and production (E&P) offshore quickly drives those costs sky-high. Because most easy oil has already been found, any new discoveries are often subtle and relatively small. Once a company does find a reservoir, deciding where and how to drill to maximize production - and thus return of investment - is a major task. The wrong approach or small inaccuracies can easily ruin an entire reservoir's ROI. Clearly, we need good tools to complete these difficult E&P tasks. In 1992, the University of Chicago's Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) introduced the CAVE, a room-sized, multiperson projector-based immersive VR environment. CAVE laid the foundation for a new paradigm: using VR for petroleum E&P. The HydroVR project both changed work processes and increased revenue for petroleum E&P in general. In this paper, we describe the project's major application milestones and summarize how and why the project has sustained its extensive activity over the past 10 years.

The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) aims to integrate existing infrastructures in the solid earth sciences into a single infrastructure, enabling earth scientists across Europe to combine, model, and interpret multidisciplinary datasets at different time and length scales. In particular, a primary objective is to integrate existing research infrastructures within the fields of seismology, geodesy, geophysics, geology, rock physics, and volcanology at a pan-European level. The added value of such integration is not visible through individual analyses of data from each research infrastructure; it needs to be understood in a long-term perspective that includes the time when changes implied by current scientific research results are fully realized and their societal impacts have become clear. EPOS is now entering its implementation phase following a four-year preparatory phase during which 18 member countries in Europe contributed more than 250 research infrastructures to the building of this pan-European vision. The Arctic covers a significant portion of the European plate and therefore plays an important part in research on the solid earth in Europe. However, the work environment in the Arctic is challenging. First, most of the European Plate boundary in the Arctic is offshore, and hence, sub-sea networks must be built for solid earth observation. Second, ice covers the Arctic Ocean where the European Plate boundary crosses through the Gakkel Ridge, so innovative technologies are needed to monitor solid earth deformation. Therefore, research collaboration with other disciplines such as physical oceanography, marine acoustics, and geo-biology is necessary. The establishment of efficient research infrastructures suitable for these challenging conditions is essential both to reduce costs and to stimulate multidisciplinary research.

Different subgroups of egg-allergic patients were established according to differences in allergic symptoms provoked by hen's egg white, total IgE-level, RAST (radioallergosorbent test) results to egg white, and age. In each group the pattern of specific IgE-antibodies to individual allergens in the egg white, determined by means of crossed radioimmuno-electrophoresis (CRIE), was compared with the pattern in a control group. The RAST value to egg white was found to exert the strongest influence on the CRIE results. A few statistically singificant differences in CRIE results to cetain allergens were also observed in other pairs of subgroups of egg-allergic patients. Possible explanations for this are discussed. It was concluded that CRIE studies of allergens in mixed protein solutions, using a series of sera from allergic patients, will most probably give the same results and the same classification of the allergens independent of the characteristica of the patients from which the sera were collected. However, it should be emphasized that the CRIE series must include a sufficient number of patients with high RAST values to the allergen in question. Otherwise some allergens may be missed and the classification of the allergens may be different.

Antigen 22 (ag-22) in hen's egg white, previously shown to be one of the major allergens in the egg white, was partially purified by combining biochemical separation techniques and quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. The molecular weight of ag-22 was found to be approximately 78,000 using analytical ultracentrifugation and pI was determined to be 6.1, which is appropriate with the values of ovotransferrin. It was concluded that ag-22 is identical with ovotransferrin. The ability of ovotransferrin to react in the human IgE-system was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, by means of skin prick tests and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis.