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ABSTRACTThe correct management of science parks is strategic for universities, as well as a synergistic effect for companies therein installed. Park managers have to decide, among other things, whether they create new academic spin-offs, invest in technology-based companies, or consolidate start-ups already installed in the park once incubation period is complete. These decisions have a direct impact on the university’s financial capacity. The quality of decisions taken, as well as their associated risk, will depend on the tools available to park managers. Nevertheless, each park has specific characteristics and situations. Hence, managers need to have tools that adapt to the reality of the park, and which, therefore, contemplate: (1) entrepreneurs' profiles; (2) the nature and behavior of the companies installed in the park; as well as (3), the interrelationships which take place between the different players that make up the park. To have information about the current situation of companies in the park will make the decision-making processes easier for managers. Based on these ideas, this paper seeks to design and test a management tool for science parks. In its design, the tool will consider the previously mentioned criteria. Thus, from the observation and analysis of the companies installed in the park, we seek to identify the factors that affect their growth. Meanwhile, the suitability of the tool was tested at the Autonomous University of Barcelona’s Research Park. The analysis of a sample of companies in the park revealed the influence that age, size and type of company financing and the profile of entrepreneurs and their propensity to grow have on the business growth of the companies at the AUB Park. Likewise, we also highlight the usefulness that the tool offers to park managers, as well as its simplicity, flexibility and adaptability for use within the framework of any Science Park model.RESUMOA gestão de parques de ciência é um fator estratégico para as universidades e tem um efeito sinérgico para as empresas neles instaladas. Os gestores dos parques têm de decidir, entre outras coisas, se incentivam a criação de novas spin-offs acadêmicas, se investem em empresas de tecnologia ou se fortalecem start-ups já instaladas no parque, uma vez terminado o período de incubação. Essas decisões têm um impacto direto na capacidade de financiamento da universidade. A qualidade das decisões tomadas, bem como o risco associado, dependerá das ferramentas que estão disponíveis para os gestores do parque. Cada parque, no entanto, possui características e encontra-se em uma situação particular. Por isso, os gestores precisam de ferramentas que se adaptem à realidade do parque, como: (1) o perfil dos empreendedores, (2) a natureza e o comportamento das empresas instaladas no parque, e (3) as inter-relações entre os diferentes atores que fazem parte do parque. Ter informações sobre a situação atual das empresas é imprescindível e facilitará os gestores do parque no processo de tomada de decisão. Com base no exposto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo projetar e testar uma ferramenta de gestão para parques de ciência. Em seu projeto, a ferramenta considerará os critérios acima. Assim, a partir da observação e análise das empresas localizadas no parque, pretende-se identificar os fatores que afetam seu crescimento. A adequação da ferramenta foi testada no Research Park da UAB. A análise de uma amostra de empresas do parque mostrou que fatores como idade, tamanho e forma de financiamento, junto com o perfil do empreendedor e sua propensão a ter crescimento no negócio, exercem influência na expansão das empresas do parque UAB. Além disso, também pode ser destacada a utilidade que a ferramenta dá aos gestores do parque, bem como sua simplicidade, flexibilidade e adaptabilidade para ser usada com qualquer modelo de parque de ciência. Em uma época caracterizada pela falta de recursos e pela busca de fórmulas institucionais de autofinanciamento, o uso desta ferramenta de gestão pode influenciar positivamente, tornando possível descobrir oportunidades de investimento para os gestores de parques de ciência e universidades.RESUMENLa gestión de los parques científicos tiene un carácter estratégico para las universidades y un efecto sinérgico para las empresas en ellos instaladas. Los gestores del parque han de decidir, entre otras cosas, si crean nuevas spin-offs académicas, invierten en empresas de base tecnológicas o consolidan las start-ups ya instaladas en el parque, una vez acabado su periodo de incubación. Estas decisiones tienen un impacto directo sobre la capacidad de financiación de la universidad. La calidad de las decisiones tomadas y el riesgo asociado a ellas dependerán de los instrumentos que estén al alcance de los gestores del parque. No obstante, cada parque presenta unas características y situación particular. De ahí que los gestores necesitan disponer de instrumentos que se adecuen a la realidad del parque, y que por tanto contemplen: (1) el perfil de los emprendedores, (2) la naturaleza y comportamiento de las empresas instaladas en el parque, así como (3) las interrelaciones que se producen entre los diferentes actores que forman parte del parque. Disponer de información sobre la situación actual de las empresas del parque facilitará a los gestores los procesos de toma de decisión. Partiendo de lo anterior, el presente trabajo diseña y testa una herramienta de gestión para los parques científicos. En su diseño, la herramienta contemplará los criterios anteriormente citados. Así, a partir de la observación y análisis de las empresas instaladas en el parque, se pretende identificar los factores que inciden sobre su crecimiento. La idoneidad de la herramienta se testó en el Parque de Recerca de la UAB. El análisis de una muestra de empresas del parque evidenció la influencia que los factores edad, dimensión y forma de financiación de la empresa, y por el perfil del emprendedor y su propensión al crecimiento, ejercen sobre el crecimiento de las empresas del parque UAB. Asimismo, también se pone de manifiesto la utilidad que la herramienta ofrece a los gestores del parque, así como su simplicidad, flexibilidad y adaptabilidad para ser usada ante cualquier modelo de parque científico. En un momento caracterizado por la falta de recursos y por la búsqueda de fórmulas de autofinanciación institucional, el uso de esta herramienta de gestión podría influir positivamente en la toma de decisiones, haciendo posible descubrir oportunidades de inversión a los gestores de los parques científicos y las universidades.

In recent decades, international organizations have developed initiatives that incorporate lifelong learning as a tool to increase the employability of citizens. In this context, the goal of this research is to test the influence of formal e-learning on estimating employment status. The research made use of a sample of 595 citizens in 2007 and 1,742 citizens in 2011, using microdata from Eurostat's Adult Education Survey (AES) implemented by the Spanish Statistical Office [Instituto Nacional de Estadística] (INE) in Spain. Controlling for socio-demographics and formal education-level information, multiple binary logistic and ordinal regression models on formal education activities are used to check the separate effects of independent variables and demonstrate that Spanish people who have done formal lifelong e-learning activities are more likely to have an employment contract: i) in 2007, before the start of the economic crisis, for all individuals; ii) in 2011, during the economic crisis, for all individuals; iii) in 2011, for individuals with any level of computer literacy; iv) in 2011, for individuals whose highest education level is primary, secondary, or post-secondary non-tertiary; and v) in 2011, for individuals having more stable employment contracts, understood as a combination of duration (temporary, permanent), and working hours (part-time, full-time). Consequently, after inferential judgements based on the empirical results, it is shown that one of the most important factors for estimating employability in times of economic crisis has to do with lifelong e-learning. Moreover, formal e-learning activities can be a strategy for obtaining better job stability.

The second digital wave has positioned artificial intelligence and digital platforms as new general purpose technologies, has driven the emergence of new value sources: prediction and circulation values, and has created a new explanatory phase into the relationship between digitalisation and economy: the digital transition. The governance of the digital transition, fully inserted in globalised capitalism, are not being able to reduce polarisation, economic inequalities, or the worsening environment. The article argues that failure in economic policy is closely linked to failure in political economy. The prevailing neoclassical approach is not being able to comprehensively explain the foundations, behaviour and results of digital economic life. To overcome this limitation, the article proposes a new narrative, the emergence of a new explanatory figure of economic behaviour and exchange. Homo digitalis extends the egotistical, isolated, and rational precepts of Homo economicus, and incorporates the scope of social welfare and environmental sustainability as enabling goals. The main components of Homo digitalis are the emergence of multiple biological, social and virtual identities and worlds; the integration of new forms of artificial and intelligent life into our bodies and minds (transhumanism); and the consolidation of a new egalitarian rule based on the access-platform-collaboration identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of new innovative ecosystems linked to Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in industrial firms has created new opportunities for performance. In this study, we investigate whether I4.0 can reinforce environmental asset management in achieving firm economic and social performance. We intend to contrast the existence of I4.0‐based reward mechanisms for being green. Using a panel of 1028 Spanish industrial firms in 2009–2016 period and a partial least squares structural equation modelling econometric methodology, the research has obtained two main results. First, the management of environmental assets generates positive effects on the economic and social performance of the industrial firm. Second, research findings confirm the mediating role of I4.0, which ends up reinforcing the relationship between environmental assets and the economic and social firm performance. The results obtained highlight the importance of complementary relationships between digital and environmental transformation to promote firm performance. Implications for firm strategy and business models are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]