Search

[EN] The 83 ASTER L1B thermal channels of Cuban territorial scenes, from 2000 to 2008 years, selected and processed with geothermal aims showed almost 50% of cloudy coverage. The vortex coordinated as well as other data from such metadata facilitated completing the designed database. From a preliminary mosaic with the images existent these were subsequently processed in order to obtain temperature images. Such images were then integrated into another mosaic with a suitable reclassification resulting in 11 classes with 3°C each. This allowed delimitating those anomalous zones where the greater distribution of pixels oscillated from 25°C to 37°C, and the cloudy coverage temperature aroused up to 20°C approximately. In the resulting temperature map, 69 polygons were a priori delimitated and categorized, as for their perspective and the temperature value above 40°C. These polygons were later overlapped to Google Earth images with the aim to identify those from anthropogenic origins. Finally it was obtained an estimation of the temperature value of the surface coverage of the national territory as well as the understanding of that the eastern zone is the most perspective. This is an experimental application, using satellite images ASTER L1B with geothermic purpose., [ES] Se seleccionaron y procesaron, para fines geotérmicos, 83 escenas de las bandas termales pertenecientes al canal térmico del sensor ASTER L1B, de los años 2000 a 2008, con un cubrimiento nuboso de casi un 50%. Las coordenadas de los vértices de las imágenes, así como otros datos provenientes de sus metadatos, ayudaron al completamiento de la base de datos diseñada. Se preparó un mosaico preliminar a partir de las imágenes existentes en el país. Las nuevas imágenes, con valor de temperatura, fueron georreferenciadas según el sistema de coordenadas nacional Cuba Norte y se unificaron en otro mosaico para dicha variable. Como resultado, se establecieron 11 clases, divididas aleatoriamente cada 3°C, que ayudaron a delimitar las zonas anómalas donde la mayor distribución de píxeles oscila entre 25°C-37°C; la temperatura de la cobertura nubosa llegó hasta 20°C, aproximadamente. Sobre la imagen clasificada se definieron 69 polígonos, según su grado de perspectividad y con valor de temperatura superior a 40°C, lo cual se corresponde con la baja entalpía (25°C-100°C) que es la de mayor probabilidad en el país. Las imágenes obtenidas fueron superpuestas sobre la del Google Earth, con el fin de discernir la relación entre la cobertura terrestre y su origen antropogénico. Finalmente, se obtuvo una estimación del valor de temperatura de la cobertura terrestre del territorio nacional, lo que permitió definir que la zona oriental es la más perspectiva. Este trabajo constituye una aplicación experimental de las imágenes satelitales ASTER L1B con fines geotérmicos.

It has been known for decades that the observed number of baryons in the local universe falls about 30-40% short of the total number of baryons predicted by Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis, as inferred from density fluctuations of the Cosmic Microwave Background and seen during the first 2-3 billion years of the universe in the so called Lyman-alpha Forest. A theoretical solution to this paradox locates the missing baryons in the hot and tenuous filamentary gas between galaxies, known as the warm-hot intergalactic medium. However, it is difficult to detect them there because the largest by far constituent of this gas - hydrogen - is mostly ionized and therefore almost invisible in far-ultraviolet spectra with typical signal-to-noise ratios. Indeed, despite the large observational efforts, only a few marginal claims of detection have been made so far. Here we report observations of two absorbers of highly ionized oxygen (OVII) in the high signal-to-noise-ratio X-ray spectrum of a quasar at redshift >0.4. These absorbers show no variability over a 2-year timescale and have no associated cold absorption, making the assumption that they originate from the quasar's intrinsic outflow or the host galaxy's interstellar medium implausible. The OVII systems lie in regions characterized by large (x4 compared to average) galaxy over-densities and their number (down to the sensitivity threshold of our data), agrees well with numerical simulation predictions for the long-sought warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). We conclude that the missing baryons have been found., Appeared in Nature (Volume 558, Issue 7710) on 21 June 2018. The posted PDF version is the pre-editorial-change version and includes the main paper, its Methods section and the Extended Data section. A link to the (view-only) PDF of the final published version of the paper, is available here: https://rdcu.be/1eak