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Adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor in the oral region. We encountered a case of T2 adenosquamous carcinoma of the tongue with unusual secondary cervical lymph nodes metastases. A 45-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of pain in the right side tongue in November 2016. A partial glossectomy was performed with a diagnosis of right side tongue cancer (cT2N0M0, squamous cell carcinoma) based on image findings and histopathological examination. Postoperative six months, no clear metastasis was observed, but total neck dissection was performed in July 2017 due to subjective symptoms. Histopathological examination of metastatic lymph nodes revealed mucus-producing cells and CK7-positive cells, and the diagnosis was cervical lymph nodes metastases of adenosquamous carcinoma of the tongue. chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin was performed because extranodal extension was observed. After that, cetuximab and paclitaxel combination therapy was started because of left lung metastasis, but in July 2018, he became PD and in September, his general condition deteriorated and he died asleep.

Pathological close margins are considered a significant factor for local recurrence in patients with oral cancer. However, the oral cavity has complicated anatomical features, and the appropriate margin distance for each site is unknown. This multicenter, retrospective study aimed to determine the appropriate resection margin for early tongue cancer and investigate the need for additional treatment for close margins and stump dysplasia.In total, 564 patients from ten hospitals were enrolled in this study. Sex, age, performance status, T stage, tumor length diameter, depth of invasion, elective neck dissection, iodine staining, horizontal margin distance, vertical margin distance, pathological differentiation, invasion pattern, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, dysplasia in the resection edge, additional treatment for close margins, local recurrence, neck metastasis, distant metastasis, and outcomes were investigated.Receiver operating characteristic analysis for local recurrence revealed cut-off values of 3.3 mm for horizontal distance and 3.1 mm for vertical distance. Patients with close horizontal or vertical margins showed significantly higher local recurrence rates, but these were not associated with overall or disease-specific survival. Furthermore, there was no effect of additional treatment in patients with dysplasia at the surgical margin.For early tongue cancer, a horizontal margin of 3.3 mm was defined as a close margin. Close margins were significantly correlated with local recurrence but did not affect survival. In the future, we would like to examine the concept of "quality margins," including the surrounding anatomical features.

Chondrosarcoma is accounts for some 10 % of osteogenic malignant tumors, its development from a jawbone is very rare. We have experienced a patient with chondrosarcoma developing in the condyler head as reported below. The patient was a 42-year-old man. elastic hard swelling was observed in a location corresponding to the left condyler head. Radiographically, a neoplastic lesion was detected in the left head of mandible with no bone destruction in the skull base. Histopathological examination was performed under general anesthesia. Based on the diagnosis of suspected condyler head chondrosarcoma, tumor resection,left supraomohyoid neck dissection and reconstruction with an anterolateral thigh flap were performed under general anesthesia of the next month. A histopathologycal observation of removed tissue samples confirmed chondrosa-rcoma. No abnormality such as tumor recurrence has been found for seven years postope-ratively.

Introduction In early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), elective neck dissection (END) is recommended when occult lymph node metastasis is suspected; however, there is no unanimous consensus on the risks and benefits of END in such cases. The management of clinically node-negative (cN0) OTSCC remains controversial. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of END and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cN0 OTSCC. Methods and analysis This is a prospective, multicentre, nonrandomised observational study. The choice of whether to perform END at the same time as resection of the primary tumour is based on institutional policy and patient preference. The primary endpoint of this study is 3-year overall survival. The secondary endpoints are 3-year disease-specific survival, 3-year relapse-free survival and the impact on patient QoL. Propensity score-matching analysis will be performed to reduce selection bias. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of the Nagasaki University. The protocol of this study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. The datasets generated during the current study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The results will be disseminated internationally, through scientific and professional conferences and in peer-reviewed medical journals., BMJ open, 12 (9), art. no. e059615; 2022

It is not uncommon to experience cases of foreign body migration due to trauma in the orofacial region, and the foreign body is removed at the same time as treatment of the injured part. we report a case of a plant foreign body that was difficult to distinguish from a tumor. A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of swelling in the right cheek. A large elastic hard mass on the right outer cheek was palpable. An excision was performed. The excised specimen contained two pieces encapsulated in a fibrous cap. Histopathological findings, the pieces were vegetative foreign body. After confirming the patient's history of facial trauma, he fell down one year ago and had bleeding from the right cheek, but had left it. The diagnosis of vegetative foreign body invasion is characterized by MRI and is considered useful. Postoperative four years, the facial history is good with no facial paralysis.

Angiogenesis is an important issue related to normal growth and differentiation, and it is a critical issue in the progression of human disease in oral mucosa. Tooth marks occur after clenching the teeth for a long period under muscle tension in the human oral cavity. However, the sites of angiogenesis, cell differentiation and microvessel density are not known for human mucosa with tooth marks. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the markers of differentiation (Ki-67), angiogenesis (CD31, D2-40, VEGF-A), and marks from teeth in the second molar region using immunohistochemical methods. In addition, we compared these areas with the mucous membrane. Our results revealed blood and lymphoid vessels in irregular mucosa structures, and the vessels in the oral mucosa were observed in three types of samples: dentulous, denture attachment (containing partial teeth), and edentulous samples. The localization of the angiogenesis was related to the structure of the oral mucosa of connective tissue in humans, such as the mucosal fold-like of the buccal region. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we found that tooth occlusal condition, gender, anti-VEGF-A reaction levels in oral mucosa of the epithelium were positive factors in all groups, which is in contrast to the negative association of Ki-67 reaction in the epithelium and CD31 expression. In addition, Ki-67 reaction in oral mucosa had negative impacts, in contrast to the positive association of D2-40. These PCA properties provide useful information for future study of tumour progression or mechanical stress in remodelling of oral mucosa and angiogenesis. Moreover, mechanical stress of the occlusal condition may be correlated with tumour angiogenic activity and cell differentiation in human oral mucosa.

Currently, many studies are being performed that focus on the efficacy and safety of the vessel sealing system (VSS) in various fields of surgery. However, in the field of oral cancer surgery, the efficacy and safety of VSS use have not been clarified.One hundred and fifty-one patients underwent oral cancer resection and reconstructive surgery. They were divided into two groups: Ligasure vessel sealing system (LVSS) group and conventional surgery (CS) as control. Intra-operative blood loss, operating time, and incidence of post-operative complications and recurrence were analyzed.LVSS use significantly reduced intra-operative blood loss. The operating time was shortened only in mandibular gingiva cancer surgery. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to the incidence of post-operative complications and recurrence.LVSS use was found to be effective and proved to be efficient and safe, and may be useful in oral cancer surgery.

Objective The prognosis of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is reported to be very poor, worse than those of other salivary gland cancers. Previous immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated high expression of androgen receptor (AR) in SDC cases, suggesting that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may be effective for this disease. Methods & results A 90-year-old man with SDC from left buccal mucosa and multiple cervical lymph node metastases was treated with ADT. After 6 months of therapy, the tumor was markedly reduced on visual inspection, palpation, and positron emission tomography. No adverse events were noted. Subsequently, proton therapy was added, and a complete response was obtained. There has been no recurrence for 1.5 years since proton therapy was completed. Conclusions ADT should be considered as a therapeutic option for unresectable advanced SDC.

Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) has been used for determining periodic grating structures of diffractive optical elements (DOE) such as rectangular surface-relief gratings. When we observed a cross-sectional image of a manufactured rectangular grating by the scanning transmission electron spectroscopy (STEM), we found that the rectangular structure was deformed to a trapezoidal shape with non-zero corner radii. Therefore, we assumed that we could derive more accurate diffraction efficiencies by RCWA using parameters of the trapezoid such as the height, base angles, and the corner radii as well as the grating pitch. However, each parameter varies in distribution, resulting in a variation in diffraction efficiencies. Tolerance analysis in the design stage is effective in quantitatively predicting that the diffraction efficiencies are in the allowable ranges. Therefore, we have developed a Monte Carlo simulation program by applying RCWA, which can handle distributions of these trapezoid parameters. The program can also handle the distributions of the thickness and refractive indices of the thin films deposited on the grating. The distributions of the trapezoid parameters were obtained through multiple measurements of the substrates without thin films using atomic force microscopy. The distribution of the thickness and refractive indices of the thin films were obtained from analyzed data measured in the vacuum deposition equipment. According to our measurements of the diffraction efficiencies of the manufactured gratings, the diffraction efficiencies have been in the allowable range, and have also been consistent with the Monte Carlo simulations for the tolerance analysis.

GT matrix elements M S ν for transitions of 100 Mo(0 + ) → 100 Tc(1 + ) and 116 Cd(0 + ) → 116 In(1 + ) were obtained by measuring ( 3 He, t) reactions on 100 Mo and 116 Cd, respectively. The values for M S ν , together with the GT matrix elements M S ′ ν for 100 Tc(1 + ) → 100 Ru(0 + ) and 116 In(1 + ) → 116 Sn( + ), are applied to estimate the nuclear matrix elements M SS ′ 2 ν for the two neutrino double beta decays (2νββ) of 100 Mo and 116 Cd through the 1 + ground states in the intermediate nuclei of 100 Tc and 116 In, respectively. They are very close to the observed 2νββ matrix elements M 2 ν , consistent with recent experimental and theoretical analyses.

Pinhole SPECT can provide high-resolution image with high sensitivity when a collimator is close to an object. However, truncation causes artifact and decreases quantitative accuracy. Defrise et al proposed new reconstruction theory to prevent overestimation due to truncation. In this paper, we applied Defrise theory to three-dimensional pinhole SPECT reconstruction and validated our implementation by computer simulation.

Pinhole SPECT allows to image physiological functions in small animals with high spatial resolution. In case of cardiac imaging with higher resolution, the resolution can be improved by positioning a collimator close to an object, but truncation arises from radioisotope in the surrounding organs. This study was intended to evaluate the effect of truncation in quantitative cardiac imaging with small field-of-view pinhole SPECT by a computer simulation. Assuming a rat, a numerical phantom consists of cylinder with 10-mm diameter and 10-mm height, and cylinder with 36-mm diameter and 70-mm height as the cardiac region and the surrounding region (Background). The counts of the cardiac region and the background were 10 and 1, 2, 4 or 8, respectively. In this simulation, the field-of-view of reconstruction was defined as a sphere with 30-mm diameter. The projection data with truncation were reconstructed using pinhole 3D-OSEM algorithm. The counts on the reconstructed images were compared with that on original image. The counts on the cardiac regions in reconstructed images were overestimated 14.5%, 17.6%, 20.5% and 23.2% for the background counts of 1, 2, 4 and 8, respectively. These results suggest that the effect of truncation needs to be considered in quantitative cardiac imaging with pinhole SPECT.