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466 results on '"Tosca, M"'

1. A Platform for Laser-Driven Ion Sources Generated with Nanosecond Laser Pulses in the Intensity Range of 1013–1015 W/cm2

Author

Giuffrida, L., primary, Istokskaia, V., additional, Picciotto, A., additional, Kantarelou, V., additional, Barozzi, M., additional, Dell`Anna, R., additional, Divoky, M., additional, Denk, O., additional, Giubertoni, D., additional, Grepl, F., additional, Hadjikyriacou, A., additional, Hanus, M., additional, Krasa, J., additional, Kucharik, M., additional, Levato, T., additional, Navratil, P., additional, Pilar, J., additional, Schillaci, F., additional, Stancek, S., additional, Tosca, M., additional, Tryus, M., additional, Velyhan, A., additional, Lucianetti, A., additional, Mocek, T., additional, and Margarone, D., additional

Published
2024
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3. Global impact of smoke aerosols from landscape fires on climate and the Hadley circulation

Author

Tosca, M. G, Randerson, J. T, and Zender, C. S

Subjects
Community atmosphere model, biomass burning emissions, tropical expansion, hydrological cycle, radiation budget, equatorial Asia, earth system, forest-fires, black carbon, El-Nino
Abstract

Each year landscape fires across the globe emit black and organic carbon smoke particles that can last in the atmosphere for days to weeks. We characterized the climate response to these aerosols using an Earth system model. We used remote sensing observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5) to optimize satellite-derived smoke emissions for high biomass burning regions. Subsequent global simulations using the adjusted fire emissions produced AODs that were in closer agreement with surface and space-based measurements. We then used CAM5, which included radiative aerosol effects, to evaluate theclimate response to the fire-aerosol forcing. We conducted two 52 yr simulations, one with four sets of monthly cycling 1997-2009 fire emissions and one without. Fire emissions increased global mean annual AOD by 10% (+0.02) and decreased net all-sky surface radiation by 1% (1.3 W m(-2)). Elevated AODs reduced global surface temperatures by 0.13 +/- 0.01 degrees C. Though global precipitation declined only slightly, patterns of precipitation changed, with large reductions near the Equator offset by smaller increases north and south of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). A combination of increased tropospheric heating and reduced surface temperatures increased equatorial subsidence and weakened the Hadley circulation. As a consequence, precipitation decreased over tropical forests in South America, Africa and equatorial Asia. These results are consistent with the observed correlation between global temperatures and the strength of the Hadley circulation and studies linking tropospheric heating from black carbon aerosols with tropical expansion.

Published
2013

4. Tropical biomass burning smoke plume size, shape, reflectance, and age based on 2001�2009 MISR imagery of Borneo

Author

Zender, C. S, Krolewski, A. G, Tosca, M. G, and Randerson, J. T

Subjects
Optical-properties, equatorial Asia, forest-fires, emissions, aerosol, particles, evolution, Indonesia, chemistry, drought
Abstract

Land clearing for crops, plantations and grazing results in anthropogenic burning of tropical forests and peatlands in Indonesia, where images of fire-generated aerosol plumes have been captured by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) since 2001. Here we analyze the size, shape, optical properties, and age of distinct fire-generated plumes in Borneo from 2001-2009. The local MISR overpass at 10:30 a.m. misses the afternoon peak of Borneo fire emissions, and may preferentially sample longer plumes from persistent fires burning overnight. Typically the smoke flows with the prevailing southeasterly surface winds at 3-4 m s(-1), and forms ovoid plumes whose mean length, height, and cross-plume width are 41 km, 708 m, and 27% of the plume length, respectively. 50% of these plumes have length between 24 and 50 km, height between 523 and 993 m and width between 18% and 30% of plume length. Length and cross-plume width are lognormally distributed, while height follows a normal distribution. Borneo smoke plume heights are similar to previously reported plume heights, yet Borneo plumes are on average nearly three times longer than previously studied plumes. This could be due to sampling or to more persistent fires and greater fuel loads in peatlands than in other tropical forests. Plume area (median 169 km(2), with 25th and 75th percentiles at 99 km(2) and 304 km(2), respectively) varies exponentially with length, though for most plumes a linear relation provides a good approximation. The MISR-estimated plume optical properties involve greater uncertainties than the geometric properties, and show patterns consistent with smoke aging. Optical depth increases by 15-25% in the down-plume direction, consistent with hygroscopic growth and nucleation overwhelming the effects of particle dispersion. Both particle single-scattering albedo and top-of-atmosphere reflectance peak about halfway down-plume, at values about 3% and 10% greater than at the origin, respectively. The initially oblong plumes become brighter and more circular with time, increasingly resembling smoke clouds. Wind speed does not explain a significant fraction of the variation in plume geometry. We provide a parameterization of plume shape that can help atmospheric models estimate the effects of plumes on weather, climate, and air quality. Plume age, the age of smoke furthest down-plume, is lognormally distributed with a median of 2.8 h (25th and 75th percentiles at 1.3 h and 4.0 h), different from the median ages reported in other studies. Intercomparison of our results with previous studies shows that the shape, height, optical depth, and lifetime characteristics reported for tropical biomass burning plumes on three continents are dissimilar and distinct from the same characteristics of non-tropical wildfire plumes.

Published
2012

5. Dynamics of fire plumes and smoke clouds associated with peat and deforestation fires in Indonesia

Author

Tosca, M. G, Randerson, J. T, Zender, C. S, Nelson, D. L, Diner, D. J, and Logan, J. A

Subjects
El Niño–Southern Oscillation, biomass burning, maritime continent, regional climate, Tropical Rain Measuring Mission precipitation
Abstract

During the dry season, anthropogenic fires in tropical forests and peatlands of equatorial Asia produce regionally expansive smoke clouds that have important effects on atmospheric radiation and air quality. Here we estimated the height of smoke on Borneo and Sumatra and characterized its sensitivity to El Niño and regional drought. We used Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) satellite data and the MISR Interactive Explorer (MINX) software to estimate the heights of 317 smoke plumes on Borneo and 139 plumes on Sumatra during 2001–2009. In addition, we estimated the altitudes of larger smoke regions (smoke clouds) over Borneo using data from MISR and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) products. Most smoke plumes on Borneo (83%) were observed during El Niño years. Annually averaged plume heights on Borneo were significantly higher during El Niño events. Mean MISR-derived plume heights were 709 ± 14 m on Borneo and 749 ± 24 m on Sumatra during 2001–2009, with 96% of all plumes confined to within 500 m of the atmospheric boundary layer. Smoke clouds on Borneo were observed at altitudes between 1000 and 2000 m as measured by both MISR and CALIPSO. The difference in height between individual plumes and longer-lived regional smoke clouds may be related to deeper planetary boundary layers and higher-intensity fires later in the afternoon or other atmospheric mixing processes that occur on synoptic time scales. Our measurements and analyses suggested that direct injection of smoke into the free troposphere within fire plumes was not an important mechanism for vertical mixing of aerosols in equatorial Asia.

Published
2011

6. Do biomass burning aerosols intensify drought in equatorial Asia during El Niño?

Author

Tosca, M. G, Randerson, J. T, Zender, C. S, Flanner, M. G, and Rasch, P. J

Abstract

During El Niño years, fires in tropical forests and peatlands in equatorial Asia create large regional smoke clouds. We characterized the sensitivity of these clouds to regional drought, and we investigated their effects on climate by using an atmospheric general circulation model. Satellite observations during 2000–2006 indicated that El Niño-induced regional drought led to increases in fire emissions and, consequently, increases in aerosol optical depths over Sumatra, Borneo and the surrounding ocean. Next, we used the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) to investigate how climate responded to this forcing. We conducted two 30 year simulations in which monthly fire emissions were prescribed for either a high (El Niño, 1997) or low (La Niña, 2000) fire year using a satellite-derived time series of fire emissions. Our simulations included the direct and semi-direct effects of aerosols on the radiation budget within the model. We assessed the radiative and climate effects of anthropogenic fire by analyzing the differences between the high and low fire simulations. Fire aerosols reduced net shortwave radiation at the surface during August–October by 19.1±12.9 W m−2(10%) in a region that encompassed most of Sumatra and Borneo (90° E–120° E, 5° S–5° N). The reductions in net shortwave radiation cooled sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and land surface temperatures by 0.5±0.3 and 0.4±0.2 °C during these months. Tropospheric heating from black carbon (BC) absorption averaged 20.5±9.3 W m−2 and was balanced by a reduction in latent heating. The combination of decreased SSTs and increased atmospheric heating reduced regional precipitation by 0.9±0.6 mm d−1 (10%). The vulnerability of ecosystems to fire was enhanced because the decreases in precipitation exceeded those for evapotranspiration. Together, the satellite and modeling results imply a possible positive feedback loop in which anthropogenic burning in the region intensifies drought stress during El Niño.

Published
2010

7. Metabolomics to identify omalizumab responders among children with severe asthma: A prospective study

Author

Carraro, S., Di Palmo, E., Licari, A., Barni, S., Caldarelli, V., De Castro, G., Di Marco, A., Fenu, G., Giordano, G., Lombardi, E., Pirillo, P., Stocchero, M., Volpini, A., Zanconato, S., Rusconi, F., Capizzi, A., Tosca, M. A., Cazzato, S., Cutrera, R., Leonardi, L., Leonardi, S., Marseglia, G. L., Mori, F., Patria, M. F., Piacentini, G., Tenero, L., Pisi, G., and Ricci, G.

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Published
2022

9. Targeting CXCR1/2 Does Not Improve Insulin Secretion After Pancreatic Islet Transplantation: A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Type 1 Diabetes

Author

Maffi P., Lundgren T., Tufveson G., Rafael E., Shaw J. A. M., Liew A., Saudek F., Witkowski P., Golab K., Bertuzzi F., Gustafsson B., Daffonchio L., Ruffini P. A., Piemonti L., Nano R., Mercalli A., Lampasona V., Magistretti P., Sordi V., Antonio S., Antonioli B., Galuzzi M., Tosca M. C., De Carlis L., Colussi G., Korsgren O., Pollard H., Maffi, Paola, Lundgren, Torbjörn, Tufveson, Gunnar, Rafael, Ehab, Shaw, James A M, Liew, Aaron, Saudek, Frantisek, Witkowski, Piotr, Golab, Karolina, Bertuzzi, Federico, Gustafsson, Bengt, Daffonchio, Luisa, Ruffini, Pier Adelchi, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Maffi, P, Lundgren, T, Tufveson, G, Rafael, E, Shaw, J, Liew, A, Saudek, F, Witkowski, P, Golab, K, Bertuzzi, F, Gustafsson, B, Daffonchio, L, Ruffini, P, Piemonti, L, Nano, R, Mercalli, A, Lampasona, V, Magistretti, P, Sordi, V, Antonio, S, Antonioli, B, Galuzzi, M, Tosca, M, De Carlis, L, Colussi, G, Korsgren, O, and Pollard, H

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, Placebo-controlled study, Gastroenterology, Receptors, Interleukin-8B, Receptors, Interleukin-8A, law.invention, Placebos, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Insulin Secretion, Postoperative Period, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sulfonamides, geography.geographical_feature_category, Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition/Psychosocial Research, Area under the curve, Middle Aged, Islet, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Placebo, Drug Administration Schedule, Young Adult, Islets of Langerhans, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, CXCR1/2, insulin secretion, pancreatic islet transplantation, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, geography, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, medicine.disease, Transplantation, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Pancreatic islet transplantation, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE Reparixin is an inhibitor of CXCR1/2 chemokine receptor shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory adjuvant in a pilot clinical trial in allotransplant recipients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-assignment study (NCT01817959) was conducted in recipients of islet allotransplants randomized (2:1) to reparixin or placebo in addition to immunosuppression. Primary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC) for C-peptide during the mixed-meal tolerance test at day 75 ± 5 after the first and day 365 ± 14 after the last transplant. Secondary end points included insulin independence and standard measures of glycemic control. RESULTS The intention-to-treat analysis did not show a significant difference in C-peptide AUC at both day 75 (27 on reparixin vs. 18 on placebo, P = 0.99) and day 365 (24 on reparixin vs. 15 on placebo, P = 0.71). There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups at any time point for any secondary variable. Analysis of patient subsets showed a trend for a higher percentage of subjects retaining insulin independence for 1 year after a single islet infusion in patients receiving reparixin as compared with patients receiving placebo (26.7% vs. 0%, P = 0.09) when antithymocyte globulin was used as induction immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS In this first double-blind randomized trial, islet transplantation data obtained with reparixin do not support a role of CXCR1/2 inhibition in preventing islet inflammation-mediated damage.

Published
2020

10. Diagnostic relevance of IgE sensitization profiles to eight recombinant Phleum pratense molecules

Author

Cipriani, F., Mastrorilli, C., Tripodi, S., Ricci, G., Perna, S., Panetta, V., Asero, R., Dondi, A., Bianchi, A., Maiello, N., Miraglia del Giudice, M., Frediani, T., Macrì, F., Lucarelli, S., Dello Iacono, I., Patria, M. F., Varin, E., Peroni, D., Chini, L., Moschese, V., Bernardini, R., Pingitore, G., Pelosi, U., Tosca, M., Paravati, F., Sfika, I., Businco, A. Di Rienzo, Povesi Dascola, C., Comberiati, P., Frediani, S., Lambiase, C., Verga, M. C., Faggian, D., Plebani, M., Calvani, M., Caffarelli, C., and Matricardi, P. M.

Published
2018
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11. Hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycol in adults and children: An emerging challenge

Author

Bianchi A., Bottau P., Calamelli E., Caimmi S., Crisafulli G., Franceschini F., Liotti L., Mori F., Paglialunga C., Saretta F., Tosca M., Cardinale F., Licari A., Miraglia Del Giudice M., Caffarelli C., Bianchi, A., Bottau, P., Calamelli, E., Caimmi, S., Crisafulli, G., Franceschini, F., Liotti, L., Mori, F., Paglialunga, C., Saretta, F., Tosca, M., Cardinale, F., Licari, A., Miraglia Del Giudice, M., and Caffarelli, C.

Subjects
Adult, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccine, technology, industry, and agriculture, COVID-19, macromolecular substances, PEG allergy, Drug allergy, Polyethylene Glycol, Polyethylene Glycols, Polyethylene glycol hypersensitivity, Vaccine allergy, Anaphylaxi, Humans, Child, Anaphylaxis, Human
Abstract

Hypersensitivity reactions to polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an emerging challenge and the interest about this disease is growing since PEG is considered one of the possible causes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) vaccine-associated anaphylaxis. PEG is used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical, medical, in-dustrial, cosmetic, and food products and can be an active ingredient or used as an excipient. PEG is present in several medications, and it may or may not be present in different formulations and dosages of the same drug. Lack of standardization nomenclature, inadequate labelling of products and lack of knowledge about PEG involvement in hypersensitivity reactions expose patients at risk of presenting multiple reactions before a diagnosis could be made. In this review we describe the main cases published in literature and propose an allergy work-up and management. (www.actabiomedica.it).

Published
2021

12. Update on Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)

Author

Calvani M., Anania C., Bianchi A., D'Auria E., Cardinale F., Votto M., Martelli A., Tosca M., Chiappini E., Brambilla I., Miraglia Del Giudice M., Caffarelli C., Calvani, M., Anania, C., Bianchi, A., D'Auria, E., Cardinale, F., Votto, M., Martelli, A., Tosca, M., Chiappini, E., Brambilla, I., Miraglia Del Giudice, M., and Caffarelli, C.

Subjects
Enterocolitis, Humans, Infant, Syndrome, Allergens, Biomarkers, Food Hypersensitivity
Abstract

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE mediated food allergy (FA) characterized by delayed and severe gastrointestinal symptoms that typically occurs within the first year of life. Many aspects of this pathology are currently unclear. FPIES is classified as a non-IgE immune-mediated FA in which the immune response is thought to act mainly through cell-mediated mechanisms. In patients with FPIES, the symptom pattern is determined by the frequency and dose of food allergen in the diet. Diagnosis of FPIES may be difficult, mainly due to the lack of specific biomarkers to confirm or exclude the diagnosis. FPIES is a clinical diagnosis, mainly based on clinical features which, although not specific, are reproducible every time the patient takes the food. Different diagnostic criteria of FPIES were published over time in the literature. The present narrative review aims to analyze the current clinical evidence in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this condition.

Published
2021

13. Targeting CXCR1/2 does not improve insulin secretion after pancreatic islet transplantation: A phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in type 1 diabetes

Author

Maffi, P, Lundgren, T, Tufveson, G, Rafael, E, Shaw, J, Liew, A, Saudek, F, Witkowski, P, Golab, K, Bertuzzi, F, Gustafsson, B, Daffonchio, L, Ruffini, P, Piemonti, L, Nano, R, Mercalli, A, Lampasona, V, Magistretti, P, Sordi, V, Antonio, S, Antonioli, B, Galuzzi, M, Tosca, M, De Carlis, L, Colussi, G, Korsgren, O, Pollard, H, Maffi P., Lundgren T., Tufveson G., Rafael E., Shaw J. A. M., Liew A., Saudek F., Witkowski P., Golab K., Bertuzzi F., Gustafsson B., Daffonchio L., Ruffini P. A., Piemonti L., Nano R., Mercalli A., Lampasona V., Magistretti P., Sordi V., Antonio S., Antonioli B., Galuzzi M., Tosca M. C., De Carlis L., Colussi G., Korsgren O., Pollard H., Maffi, P, Lundgren, T, Tufveson, G, Rafael, E, Shaw, J, Liew, A, Saudek, F, Witkowski, P, Golab, K, Bertuzzi, F, Gustafsson, B, Daffonchio, L, Ruffini, P, Piemonti, L, Nano, R, Mercalli, A, Lampasona, V, Magistretti, P, Sordi, V, Antonio, S, Antonioli, B, Galuzzi, M, Tosca, M, De Carlis, L, Colussi, G, Korsgren, O, Pollard, H, Maffi P., Lundgren T., Tufveson G., Rafael E., Shaw J. A. M., Liew A., Saudek F., Witkowski P., Golab K., Bertuzzi F., Gustafsson B., Daffonchio L., Ruffini P. A., Piemonti L., Nano R., Mercalli A., Lampasona V., Magistretti P., Sordi V., Antonio S., Antonioli B., Galuzzi M., Tosca M. C., De Carlis L., Colussi G., Korsgren O., and Pollard H.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Reparixin is an inhibitor of CXCR1/2 chemokine receptor shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory adjuvant in a pilot clinical trial in allotransplant recipients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-assignment study (NCT01817959) was conducted in recipients of islet allotransplants randomized (2:1) to reparixin or placebo in addition to immunosuppression. Primary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC) for C-peptide during the mixed-meal tolerance test at day 75 6 5 after the first and day 365 6 14 after the last transplant. Secondary end points included insulin independence and standard measures of glycemic control. RESULTS The intention-to-treat analysis did not show a significant difference in C-peptide AUC at both day 75 (27 on reparixin vs. 18 on placebo, P 5 0.99) and day 365 (24 on reparixin vs. 15 on placebo, P 5 0.71). There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups at any time point for any secondary variable. Analysis of patient subsets showed a trend for a higher percentage of subjects retaining insulin independence for 1 year after a single islet infusion in patients receiving reparixin as compared with patients receiving placebo (26.7% vs. 0%, P 5 0.09) when antithymocyte globulin was used as induction immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS In this first double-blind randomized trial, islet transplantation data obtained with reparixin do not support a role of CXCR1/2 inhibition in preventing islet inflammation-mediated damage.

Published
2020

14. The role of bronchodilation testing in children and adolescents with asthma in clinical practice

Author

Tosca, M. A., Schiavetti, I., Ciprandi, G., Anastasio, E., Caffarelli, C., Caricato, F., Del Duca, E., De Vittori, V., Di Cicco, M. E., Kantar, A., Leone, M., Licari, A., Moschese, V., Peroni, D. G., Talarico, V., and Votto, M.

Subjects
Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, bronchodilation, FEV1/FVC ratio, children, reversibility, Forced Expiratory Volume, Bronchodilator, Internal medicine, Bronchodilation, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, adolescents, Child, Asthma, asthma control, Bronchial obstruction, Lung function, business.industry, Mean age, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Bronchodilator Agents, Respiratory Function Tests, respiratory tract diseases, Airway Obstruction, Clinical Practice, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business
Abstract

The change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in response to a bronchodilator (ΔFEV1) is a diagnostic tool. Moreover, bronchodilation testing may give clinically relevant outcomes beyond diagnostic purposes. The present study aimed, therefore, to investigate the nationwide role of bronchodilation testing in daily practice. The study included 280 subjects, 202 (72.1%) males and 78 (27.9%) females; the mean age was 11.6 years. Notably, 67 (24%) children had bronchial reversibility (BDR). Age, initial FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FVC were significantly associated with BDR (OR 1.16, 1.66, 0.71, and 0.67, respectively). Interestingly, 39 (58.2%) children with BDR had no bronchial obstruction. In conclusion, the BDR is usually associated with low values of the lung function parameters, even if within the normal ranges.

Published
2021

16. Inter-society consensus for the use of inhaled corticosteroids in infants, children and adolescents with airway diseases (vol 47, pg 1, 2021)

Author

Duse, M, Santamaria, F, Verga, M, Bergamini, M, Simeone, G, Leonardi, L, Tezza, G, Bianchi, A, Capuano, A, Cardinale, F, Cerimoniale, G, Landi, M, Malventano, M, Tosca, M, Varricchio, A, Zicari, A, Alfaro, C, Barberi, S, Becherucci, P, Bernardini, R, Biasci, P, Caffarelli, C, Caldarelli, V, Capristo, C, Castronuovo, S, Chiappini, E, Cutrera, R, De Castro, G, De Franciscis, L, Decimo, F, Iacono, I, Diaferio, L, Di Cicco, M, Di Mauro, C, Di Mauro, D, Di Mauro, F, Di Mauro, G, Doria, M, Falsaperla, R, Ferraro, V, Fanos, V, Galli, E, Ghiglioni, D, Indinnimeo, L, Kantar, A, Lamborghini, A, Licari, A, Lubrano, R, Luciani, S, Macri, F, Marseglia, G, Martelli, A, Masini, L, Midulla, F, Minasi, D, Miniello, V, Del Giudice, M, Morandini, S, Nardini, G, Nocerino, A, Novembre, E, Pajno, G, Paravati, F, Piacentini, G, Piersantelli, C, Pozzobon, G, Ricci, G, Spanevello, V, Turra, R, Zanconato, S, Borrelli, M, Villani, A, Corsello, G, and Peroni, D

Subjects
Settore MED/38
Published
2022

17. Intermittent and mild persistent asthma: how therapy has changed

Author

Di Cicco M. E., Leone M., Scavone M., Miraglia Del Giudice M., Licari A., Duse M., Brambilla I., Ciprandi G., Caffarelli C., Tosca M., Di Cicco, M. E., Leone, M., Scavone, M., Miraglia Del Giudice, M., Licari, A., Duse, M., Brambilla, I., Ciprandi, G., Caffarelli, C., and Tosca, M.

Subjects
Adolescent, Allergy, asthma severity, type 2 inflammation, GINA, Asthma, asthma control, Allergy, asthma control, asthma exacerbations, asthma severity, children, inhaled corticosteroids, GINA, pediatric asthma, type 2 inflammation, children, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, asthma exacerbations, Administration, Inhalation, Humans, Anti-Asthmatic Agents, inhaled corticosteroids, pediatric asthma
Abstract

In the last few years much attention has been focused on research on severe asthma and the role of biologicals in its treatment, also in children. However, mild asthma is way more common in childhood and still causes as many as 30-40% of asthma exacerbations requiring emergency consultation. The management of "intermittent" and "mild persistent" asthma phenotypes is still a matter of debate, even if the role of inhaled corticosteroids, both continuous and intermittent, is a cornerstone in this field. Nevertheless, updates on the strategies to manage these patients are coming, since evidence emerged on the role of inflammation also in these asthma phenotypes as well as on the potential side effect and risks of short-acting beta 2 agonists overuse, which is common in patients for which they have been prescribed as the only as-needed treatment. Unsurprisingly, international guidelines, including GINA, are starting to recommend associating a corticosteroid when using a reliver. In this paper we overview the (r)evolution regarding the management of intermittent and mild persistent asthma. We also focus on the importance of knowing the chemical and physical characteristics of drugs and inhaler devices in order to optimize the treatment and reach the distal airways, as well as of trying to achieve a good compliance to treatments, especially in adolescents, for which it is currently possible to rely also on new digital health technologies.

Published
2021

20. Urticaria in childhood

Author

Caffarelli C., Duse M., Martelli A., Calvani M., Cardinale F., Chiappini E., Marseglia G. L., Miraglia Del Giudice M., Tosca M. A., Castagnoli R., Brambilla I., Santoro A., Procaccianti M., Giannetti A., Ricci G., Minasi D., Caffarelli, C., Duse, M., Martelli, A., Calvani, M., Cardinale, F., Chiappini, E., Marseglia, G. L., Miraglia Del Giudice, M., Tosca, M. A., Castagnoli, R., Brambilla, I., Santoro, A., Procaccianti, M., Giannetti, A., Ricci, G., and Minasi, D.

Subjects
IgE antibodie, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, Urticaria, angioedema, Review, asthma, vaccination, children, Anaphylaxi, immune system diseases, parasitic diseases, Allergic rhiniti, anaphylaxis, Humans, Chronic Urticaria, skin and connective tissue diseases, Child, IgE antibodies
Abstract

Histaminergic urticaria-angiodema is a common complaint in children. According to clinical criteria, it is classified as acute and chronic urticaria. A further clinical classification relies on triggering factors. We focus on diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. We report the main progresses in the field and issues that remain to be understood. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Published
2020

21. Relationship between quality of life and behavioural disorders in children with persistent asthma: a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model

Author

Montalbano, L., Ferrante, G., Montella, S., Cilluffo, G., Di Marco, A., Bozzetto, S., Di Palmo, E., Licari, A., Leonardi, L., Caldarelli, V., Ghezzi, M., La Grutta, S., Rusconi, F., Amarri, S., Barni, S., Capizzi, A., Cardinale, F., Carraro, S., Cazzato, S., Cutrera, R., Di Pillo, S., Duse, M., Fenu, G., Kantar, A., Leonardi, S., Lombardi, E., Marseglia, G. L., Nosetti, L., Novembre, E., Patria, M. F., Piacentini, G., Pisi, G., Ricci, G., Sacco, O., Santamaria, F., Tenero, L., Tosca, M. A., Tripodi, M. C., Volpini, A., Montalbano, L., Ferrante, G., Montella, S., Cilluffo, G., Di Marco, A., Bozzetto, S., Di Palmo, E., Licari, A., Leonardi, L., Caldarelli, V., Ghezzi, M., La Grutta, S., Rusconi, F., Amarri, S., Barni, S., Capizzi, A., Cardinale, F., Carraro, S., Cazzato, S., Cutrera, R., Di Pillo, S., Duse, M., Fenu, G., Kantar, A., Leonardi, S., Lombardi, E., Marseglia, G. L., Nosetti, L., Novembre, E., Patria, M. F., Piacentini, G., Pisi, G., Ricci, G., Sacco, O., Santamaria, F., Tenero, L., Tosca, M. A., Tripodi, M. C., Volpini, A., and Montalbano L, Ferrante G, Montella S, Cilluffo G, Di Marco A, Bozzetto S, Di Palmo E, Licari A, Leonardi L, Caldarelli V, Ghezzi M, La Grutta S, Rusconi F

Subjects
Male, Moderate asthma, Asthma severity, lcsh:Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, Behavioural disorders, Logistic regression, Paediatric research, 01 natural sciences, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical research, Quality of life, children, Human behaviour, medicine, Humans, Psychology, Child, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Asthma, Problem Behavior, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, children asthma, lcsh:R, Case-control study, asthma, medicine.disease, humanities, behavioural disorder, Logistic Models, 030228 respiratory system, behavioural disorders, quality of life, Case-Control Studies, Female, lcsh:Q, Persistent asthma, business, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Knowledge on multiple interdependences between quality of life (QoL) and behavioural problems in relation to asthma severity and control is undetermined. The aims of the study were: (i) to assess the relationship of QoL and behavioural problems with asthma severity and control (ii) to predict children’s “abnormal/borderline” status with variation in QoL. For these purposes a multicenter case-control study on 47 Severe Asthma (SA) and 94 Moderate Asthma (MA) children was performed. The MIMIC approach was applied to investigate the effect of SA and non-controlled asthma (NC) on QoL and behavioural disorders. Logistic regression was used to estimate probabilities of having an “abnormal/borderline” status with variation in QoL. The MIMIC model showed that the magnitude of the effect of SA and NC was larger on QoL (β = −0.37 and β = −0.30, respectively) than on behavioural problems (β = 0.27). With regards to the probability of having a borderline status, in MA a QoL of 1 returned a probability of 0.81, whereas in SA a QoL of 1 returned a probability of 0.89. In conclusion, SA children are highly affected by impaired QoL and behavioural problems. The MIMIC model allowed us to obtain a comprehensive assessment of QoL and behavioural problems with asthma severity and control.

Published
2020

25. Energetic α -particle sources produced through proton-boron reactions by high-energy high-intensity laser beams

Author

Bonvalet, J., primary, Nicolaï, Ph., additional, Raffestin, D., additional, D'humieres, E., additional, Batani, D., additional, Tikhonchuk, V., additional, Kantarelou, V., additional, Giuffrida, L., additional, Tosca, M., additional, Korn, G., additional, Picciotto, A., additional, Morace, A., additional, Abe, Y., additional, Arikawa, Y., additional, Fujioka, S., additional, Fukuda, Y., additional, Kuramitsu, Y., additional, Habara, H., additional, and Margarone, D., additional

Published
2021
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26. Long-term Effect of Islet Transplantation on Glycemic Variability

Author

Bertuzzi, F, De Carlis, L, Marazzi, M, Rampoldi, A, Bonomo, M, Antonioli, B, Tosca, M, Galuzzi, M, Lauterio, A, Fava, D, Dorighet, P, De Gasperi, A, Colussi, G, Bertuzzi F., De Carlis L., Marazzi M., Rampoldi A. G., Bonomo M., Antonioli B., Tosca M. C., Galuzzi M., Lauterio A., Fava D., Dorighet P., De Gasperi A., Colussi G., Bertuzzi, F, De Carlis, L, Marazzi, M, Rampoldi, A, Bonomo, M, Antonioli, B, Tosca, M, Galuzzi, M, Lauterio, A, Fava, D, Dorighet, P, De Gasperi, A, Colussi, G, Bertuzzi F., De Carlis L., Marazzi M., Rampoldi A. G., Bonomo M., Antonioli B., Tosca M. C., Galuzzi M., Lauterio A., Fava D., Dorighet P., De Gasperi A., and Colussi G.

Abstract

Islet transplantation has been reported to restore normoglycemia and the overall metabolic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). In the most experienced centers, islet transplantation clinical outcome is similar to that of the whole pancreas transplantation. Long-term islet transplantation function remains a very interesting matter worth discussing. A progressive islet function decrease was reported, probably due to islet exhaustion. In 5 islet-transplanted patients with at least 3-yr follow-up and still insulin independent, their glycemic control was characterized by a blinded retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Islet transplantation restored glycemic control and glucose variability. Data were compared with patients in the waiting list. All the parameters of glycemic variability tested had improved significantly in patients who had islet transplantation compared with those patients who were on the waiting list. In conclusion, islet transplantation is able to maintain a proper glucose control and normalize glycemic variability in selected patients. A blinded retrospective CGMS is a useful method to characterize glucose homeostasis deeply in vivo in islet-transplanted patients.

Published
2018

27. Foreword

Author

Caffarelli, C., Calvani, M., Cardinale, F., Chiappini, E., Ciprandi, G., Cravidi, C., Duse, M., Galli, E., Licari, A., Manti, S., Martelli, A., Minasi, D., Del Giudice, M. M., Pajno, G. B., Ricci, G., Tosca, M. A., and Marseglia, G. L.

Subjects
Italy, Hypersensitivity, Humans, Foreword, Child, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract

The management of chronic diseases are paramount in health care in these days. Among them, there has been an expansion of allergic and immunologic diseases, especially in children. Thanks to the action of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP), the quality level of care has progressively grown. SIAIP developed a task force with the purpose of proposing updated models for assessing, and prescribing treatment in the allergy and immunology field that have been issued in this supplement. In a very difficult time for everyone, current developments covering a broad range of topics in the field are presented. All Authors have to be thanked, since they have participated with passion and have taken valuable time away from their professional and private interests. We hope that the readership will enjoy these papers.

Published
2020

28. Consensus statement of the Italian society of pediatric allergy and immunology for the pragmatic management of children and adolescents with allergic or immunological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Cardinale, F, Ciprandi, G, Barberi, S, Bernardini, R, Caffarelli, C, Calvani, M, Cavagni, G, Galli, E, Minasi, D, Del Giudice, M, Moschese, V, Novembre, E, Paravati, F, Peroni, D, Tosca, M, Traina, G, Tripodi, S, Marseglia, G, Amato, D, Anania, C, Anastasio, E, Antignani, R, Arasi, S, Baldassarre, M, Baldo, E, Barbalace, A, Barni, S, Betti, F, Bianchi, A, Bolzacchini, E, Bonini, M, Bottau, P, Bozzetto, S, Brighetti, M, Caimmi, D, Caimmi, S, Calzone, L, Cancrini, C, Caminiti, L, Capata, G, Capra, L, Capristo, C, Carboni, E, Carella, F, Castagnoli, R, Chiappini, E, Chiera, F, Chinellato, I, Chini, L, Cipriani, F, Civitelli, F, Comberiati, P, Contini, D, Corrente, S, Cravidi, C, Crisafulli, G, Cuomo, B, D'Auria, E, D'Elios, S, Decimo, F, Giustina, A, Piane, R, De Filippo, M, De Vittori, V, Diaferio, L, Di Mauro, M, Duse, M, Federici, S, Felice, G, Fenu, G, Ferrante, G, Foti, T, Franceschini, F, Ghiglioni, D, Giardino, G, Giovannini, M, Indirli, G, Indolfi, C, Landi, M, La Torre, F, Leone, L, Licari, A, Liotti, L, Lougaris, V, Maiello, N, Mantecca, P, Manti, S, Mariani, M, Martelli, A, Mastrorilli, C, Mastrorilli, V, Montin, D, Mori, F, Olcese, R, Ottaviano, G, Paglialunga, C, Pajno, G, Parisi, G, Pattini, S, Pecoraro, L, Pelosi, U, Pignata, C, Ricci, G, Ricci, S, Rizzi, S, Rizzo, C, Rosati, S, Rosso, P, Sangerardi, M, Santoro, A, Saretta, F, Sarti, L, Sartorio, M, Sgruletti, M, Soresina, A, Sfika, I, Sgrulletti, M, Tesse, N, Tranchino, V, Travaglini, A, Velia, M, Verduci, E, Vernich, M, Veronelli, E, Volpi, S, Votto, M, Zicari, A, Cardinale, F, Ciprandi, G, Barberi, S, Bernardini, R, Caffarelli, C, Calvani, M, Cavagni, G, Galli, E, Minasi, D, Del Giudice, M, Moschese, V, Novembre, E, Paravati, F, Peroni, D, Tosca, M, Traina, G, Tripodi, S, Marseglia, G, Amato, D, Anania, C, Anastasio, E, Antignani, R, Arasi, S, Baldassarre, M, Baldo, E, Barbalace, A, Barni, S, Betti, F, Bianchi, A, Bolzacchini, E, Bonini, M, Bottau, P, Bozzetto, S, Brighetti, M, Caimmi, D, Caimmi, S, Calzone, L, Cancrini, C, Caminiti, L, Capata, G, Capra, L, Capristo, C, Carboni, E, Carella, F, Castagnoli, R, Chiappini, E, Chiera, F, Chinellato, I, Chini, L, Cipriani, F, Civitelli, F, Comberiati, P, Contini, D, Corrente, S, Cravidi, C, Crisafulli, G, Cuomo, B, D'Auria, E, D'Elios, S, Decimo, F, Giustina, A, Piane, R, De Filippo, M, De Vittori, V, Diaferio, L, Di Mauro, M, Duse, M, Federici, S, Felice, G, Fenu, G, Ferrante, G, Foti, T, Franceschini, F, Ghiglioni, D, Giardino, G, Giovannini, M, Indirli, G, Indolfi, C, Landi, M, La Torre, F, Leone, L, Licari, A, Liotti, L, Lougaris, V, Maiello, N, Mantecca, P, Manti, S, Mariani, M, Martelli, A, Mastrorilli, C, Mastrorilli, V, Montin, D, Mori, F, Olcese, R, Ottaviano, G, Paglialunga, C, Pajno, G, Parisi, G, Pattini, S, Pecoraro, L, Pelosi, U, Pignata, C, Ricci, G, Ricci, S, Rizzi, S, Rizzo, C, Rosati, S, Rosso, P, Sangerardi, M, Santoro, A, Saretta, F, Sarti, L, Sartorio, M, Sgruletti, M, Soresina, A, Sfika, I, Sgrulletti, M, Tesse, N, Tranchino, V, Travaglini, A, Velia, M, Verduci, E, Vernich, M, Veronelli, E, Volpi, S, Votto, M, and Zicari, A

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has surprised the entire population. The world has had to face an unprecedented pandemic. Only, Spanish flu had similar disastrous consequences. As a result, drastic measures (lockdown) have been adopted worldwide. Healthcare service has been overwhelmed by the extraordinary influx of patients, often requiring high intensity of care. Mortality has been associated with severe comorbidities, including chronic diseases. Patients with frailty were, therefore, the victim of the SARS-COV-2 infection. Allergy and asthma are the most prevalent chronic disorders in children and adolescents, so they need careful attention and, if necessary, an adaptation of their regular treatment plans. Fortunately, at present, young people are less suffering from COVID-19, both as incidence and severity. However, any age, including infancy, could be affected by the pandemic. Based on this background, the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology has felt it necessary to provide a Consensus Statement. This expert panel consensus document offers a rationale to help guide decision-making in the management of children and adolescents with allergic or immunologic diseases.

Published
2020

29. Turbinate hypertrophy in children with allergic rhinitis: Clinical relevance

Author

Ciprandi, G., Tosca, M. A., Gallo, F., Passali, Giulio Cesare, Ameli, F., Passali G. C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8176-0962), Ciprandi, G., Tosca, M. A., Gallo, F., Passali, Giulio Cesare, Ameli, F., and Passali G. C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8176-0962)

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common immune-mediated disorder in childhood as it may affect up to 40% of children. Turbinate hypertrophy (TH) is an important sign as reliably predicts AR both in children and adults. Consistently, nasal obstruction is a very common symptom in AR patients and is closely linked with turbinate hypertrophy. This study investigated 544 (304 males) children with AR to define factors associated with TH. TH was diagnosed in 438 (80.81%) AR children. The multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between age, male gender, and recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM), and TH (p-values: 0.0219, <0.0001, and 0.0003, respectively; OR 0.87, 3.97, and 0.22 respectively). In conclusion, this real-life study showed that TH was very frequent in children with AR and age, male gender, and RAOM were significantly associated with TH. (www.actabiomedica.it).

Published
2020

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