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1. Effect of mandibular position achieved using an oral appliance on genioglossus activity in healthy adults during sleep

Author

Michikazu Matsuda, Toru Ogawa, Ratri M. Sitalaksmi, Makiko Miyashita, Toshimi Ito, and Keiichi Sasaki

Subjects
Obstructive sleep apnea, Sleep, Oral appliance, Mandibular position, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Abstract Background Oral appliances (OAs) are generally designed to displace the mandible anteriorly and downward, to increase the airway patency. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between genioglossus (GG) muscle activity and mandibular position, considering both anterior and vertical displacements during sleep. Methods Seven healthy male adults aged 29.4 ± 1.99 years were evaluated. Maxillary and mandibular OAs were fabricated from 2-mm-thick resin plates with pressure-welding. The activity of the left GG was recorded using two silver ball electrodes attached to the lingual edge of the mandibular OA. Respiratory status and right masseter muscle activity were measured by an airflow sensor and surface electrodes, respectively. Electroencephalography was used to determine the sleep status. Stage 2 (the second stage of sleep) was defined as the state of sleeping. Four test conditions with different mandibular positions (0 and 50% anterior protrusion) and bite openings (4 mm and 12 mm) were examined. Results GG activity in SL4A (4 mm bite opening, 50% protrusion during sleep) and SL12 (12 mm bite opening, 0% protrusion during sleep) were significantly higher than that in SL4 (4 mm bite opening, 0% protrusion during sleep). Respiratory volume did not significantly differ between all test conditions. Conclusion GG activity is influenced not only by anterior protrusion of the mandible but also by vertical displacement during sleep. Thus, when determining the effectiveness of intraoral appliances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, both protrusion and the size of the mandibular opening should be evaluated and taken into account.

Published
2019
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2. Effect of mandibular position achieved using an oral appliance on genioglossus activity in healthy adults during sleep

Author

Toru Ogawa, Toshimi Ito, Michikazu Matsuda, Keiichi Sasaki, Makiko Miyashita, and Ratri M. Sitalaksmi

Subjects
Adult, Male, Airway patency, Anterior protrusion, lcsh:Specialties of internal medicine, Oral appliance, Facial Muscles, Mandible, Electroencephalography, Dental Occlusion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tongue, lcsh:RC581-951, Medicine, Humans, General Dentistry, Orthodontics, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Mandibular position, Genioglossus, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Research, 030206 dentistry, Prostheses and Implants, medicine.disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Otorhinolaryngology, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, Sleep, Mandibular Advancement, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Respiratory minute volume
Abstract

Background Oral appliances (OAs) are generally designed to displace the mandible anteriorly and downward, to increase the airway patency. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between genioglossus (GG) muscle activity and mandibular position, considering both anterior and vertical displacements during sleep. Methods Seven healthy male adults aged 29.4 ± 1.99 years were evaluated. Maxillary and mandibular OAs were fabricated from 2-mm-thick resin plates with pressure-welding. The activity of the left GG was recorded using two silver ball electrodes attached to the lingual edge of the mandibular OA. Respiratory status and right masseter muscle activity were measured by an airflow sensor and surface electrodes, respectively. Electroencephalography was used to determine the sleep status. Stage 2 (the second stage of sleep) was defined as the state of sleeping. Four test conditions with different mandibular positions (0 and 50% anterior protrusion) and bite openings (4 mm and 12 mm) were examined. Results GG activity in SL4A (4 mm bite opening, 50% protrusion during sleep) and SL12 (12 mm bite opening, 0% protrusion during sleep) were significantly higher than that in SL4 (4 mm bite opening, 0% protrusion during sleep). Respiratory volume did not significantly differ between all test conditions. Conclusion GG activity is influenced not only by anterior protrusion of the mandible but also by vertical displacement during sleep. Thus, when determining the effectiveness of intraoral appliances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, both protrusion and the size of the mandibular opening should be evaluated and taken into account.

Published
2019
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3. Effect of bite openings and mandibular protrusion on genioglossus muscle activity in healthy adults with oral appliance

Author

Wei Li, Michikazu Matsuda, Keiichi Sasaki, Jianlan Long, Toshimi Ito, Toru Ogawa, and Haiyang Yu

Subjects
Adult, Male, Supine position, Oral appliance, Posture, Facial Muscles, Dentistry, Mandible, Condyle, Dental Occlusion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Orthodontic Appliances, Incisor, medicine, Humans, General Dentistry, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Genioglossus, Electromyography, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, Temporomandibular joint, Obstructive sleep apnea, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Jaw Relation Record, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Oral appliance (OA) can effectively treat obstructive sleep apnea; however, numerous types of oral appliances and designs are variable and the precise mechanisms behind differences in treatment outcomes are uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different degrees of mandibular position [4° of bite openings (BO): 2, 4, 8 and 12 mm; and protrusion (P): 0, 50%, MAX], for both the upright and supine positions: BO2 mm_P0%, BO4 mm_P0%, BO4 mm_P50%, BO4 mm_PMAX, BO8 mm_P0%, BO12 mm_P0%; with an OA on the: (1) activity of the genioglossus (GG) muscle by electromyogram, (2) inspiration by airflow sensor, and (3) recording mandibular movements (incisor and mandibular condyle point) in each position. Nine healthy male adults (age 27.5 ± 1.30 years) were recruited. The results show that GG muscle activity increased significantly from BO 4 mm_P0% to BO12 mm_P0% during the supine position, and the strongest signal was found in BO4 mm_PMAX, compared to all of the other positions, and GG muscle activity in BO4 mm_P0% tended to be lower. From supine to upright position the inspiration increased significantly but GG muscle activity did not. These results might be a stimulus to augment a compensatory mechanism of GG muscle induced by OA, however, mainly in protrusion position. The increase of BO (2–12 mm) and even maximum protrusion might not negatively affect the temporomandibular joint.

Published
2017
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5. Oral appliance treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea patients with severe dental condition

Author

Toru Ogawa, Keiichi Sasaki, Tetsuo Kawata, Marcio Vivan Cardoso, and Toshimi Ito

Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Oral appliance, Mandible, Dentistry, Polysomnography, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, stomatognathic diseases, stomatognathic system, Maxilla, Medicine, Denture base, business, General Dentistry, Hypopnea, Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, Removable partial denture
Abstract

Summary This clinical report introduces and evaluates the use of a mandibular advancement oral appliance (OA) attached to a denture base for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in a patient presenting severe dental problems and multiple missing teeth. It concerned a 58-year-old man with moderate OSAS (apnoea index (AI): 15·9 h−1; apnoea hypopnea index (AHI): 21·7 h−1), presenting ten remaining teeth (maxilla: 5, mandible: 5) and important dental and periodontal problems. A treatment OA comprising both maxillary and mandibular parts was fabricated with an acrylic resin base, simulating the structure of a conventional removable partial denture (RPD). The polysomnography examination performed after the use of the OA showed the treatment induced a significant decrease in OSAS symptoms (AI: 0·7 h−1, AHI: 8·2 h−1). All the necessary dental and periodontal treatments were performed to assure the reestablishment of oral health. The treatment OA was modified after each treatment to adapt it to each new oral condition. After 18 months, once the oral health was reestablished with seven remaining teeth (maxilla: 5, mandible: 2), final RPDs and final OA were fabricated. Polysomnography with final OA showed a similar positive result with respect to OSAS symptoms. No side effects related to the OA treatment were detected during the 3-year follow-up. To keep a sound oral condition, periodical dental care was performed by specialists in both periodontal and prosthodontic clinics. This clinical report shows the feasibility of treating OSAS patients with OA even in the presence of severe oral conditions and multiple missing teeth.

Published
2010
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6. Abstracts for the 6th Congress of Asian Sleep Research Society

Author

Xianchen Liu, Claudio L. Bassetti, Mia Son, Chen-Liang Lin, Yuichi Inoue, Zai-Ting Yeh, Kenji Suzuki, Ki-Young Jung, Emmanuel Mignot, Seung Hoon Lee, Hyun-Bo Sim, Sunao Uchida, Rayleigh Ping-Ying Chiang, Masayuki Miyamoto, Hiromi Mitsubayashi, Kazushige Goto, Aroonwan Preutthipan, Masato Kobayashi, Keiichi Sasaki, Yasunori Oka, Kwang-Jin Kim, Kaori Kinouchi, Seiichi Nakata, Satoru Tsuiki, Sachiko Horita, Ignatius Mark, Dae Han Chung, Joo Hwa Lee, Meng-Chen Tsou, Shinji Maritani, Toru Ogawa, Wenyu Ye, Birendra Nath Mallick, Yugo Ueda, Sung Pil Lee, Hsin Ju Chiang, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Tetsuro Sakamoto, Colin E. Sullivan, Takenao Sugi, Asami Suzuki, Nobuko Kajiwara, Lianqi Liu, Mikko Harma, Matthew T. Naughton, H. N. Mallick, Mikako Ohno, Susumu Hijuchi, Tae Kim, Chung Tai Lee, Ravindra P. Nagendra, Koki Sawada, Hae-Ran Na, Chiaki Tojo, Mitsuyuki Nakao, K. Kouno, Noriko Matsuura, Toshihiro Wakita, Kensuke Sumi, Toshiyuki Ojima, Ning-Hung Chen, Ryuichiro Yamamoto, Ryo Uchida, Chul Hee Lee, Jongbae Choi, Rei Ono, Jong Hyeon Jeong, Shintaro Chiba, Sachiko Chikahisa, Susumu Takahashi, Joong Saeng Cho, Ling Ling Tsai, M. Nirmala, M. Nakamori, Mituo Hayashi, H. Itoi, Takao Ayuse, Bonne Lee, Hong-Beom Shin, Bin Zhang, Yasunari Oka, Yoshiko Honda, Hirohiko Kanai, Minoru Onozuka, Emi Yamano, Eun Joong Kim, Kuniaki Tsuchiya, Bolortuya Yunren, Mahesh K. Kaushik, Paul B. Fitzgerald, Tomokazu Furukawa, Akira Matsuo, Ling-Ling Tsai, Lichao Chen, Toru Nakajima, Isa Okajima, Hsiao-Sui Lo, Shiori Matsuda, Michikazu Matsuda, Hideyo Tsutsui, Hidehisa Yamashita, Hyeon Kuk Lim, P. N. Ravindra, Kazufumi Yoshihara, Katsuo Yamazaki, Jiae Choi, Youngsoo Kim, Akemi Tomoda, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Min Jee Sung, Masato Saito, Hiroshi Hirai, Hiroshi Kadotani, Amornpong Vachiramon, Makoto Satoh, Deepak Shrivastava, Markus Dworak, Makoto Uchiyama, Mari Tazoe, Shinobu Sugihara, Takakazu Ishimatsu, Hiroyuki Sakai, Kazuhiro Sakai, Pradhan Nityanadan, Atsushi Yoshimura, Sang Doe Yi, Hyun Keuk Cha, Tatsuru Horikoshi, Jeong S. Kwon, Hyung Jun Ahn, Satomi Takahashi, Isao Hasegawa, Tomoko Fukuyama, Yukiyo Nakayama-Ashida, Gih Sung Chung, A. Murakami, Masako Okawa, Kazumi Takahashi, Yasushi Inami, Wael A. Ahmed, Tomoko Yoshikawa, Chia Chi Chen, H. Tanaka, Keitaro Yamashiro, Sachiko Suwa, Takuro Yamamoto, Anna V. Kalinchuk, Ying He, Jong Won Kim, Tatsuya Ishii, Yasuo Hishikawa, Shunji Moromugi, R. Ikeda, Itunari Minami, Takaya Nakamura, Sang Hag Lee, Shouhei Komori, Yang Wang, Tadashi Tanbara, Li-Ang Lee, Chia-Mo Lin, Hiroto Moriwaki, Kunio Kitahama, Velayudhan Mohan Kumar, Nigel McArdle, Yoshitaka Kaneita, Kenji Iwasaki, Hwa Ra Cho, Kenji Hirayama, Yoneatsu Osaki, Michael W. L. Chee, Nobuyuki Ozawa, Mitsuyasu Hiroki, Jamie C. Lam, Yukiko Nakamura, Cheon-Sik Kim, Christopher R. Jones, Eun-Ho Kang, Taichi Sakamoto, Mariko Nakauma, Sang Hun Jung, Sang-Yong Cho, Kazuyuki Shinohara, Yong Won Cho, Sang-Ahm Lee, Masahiko Kato, Ryuta Terashima, R. Taneike, David S.C. Hui, Ji Ho Choi, Noto Yamada, Jun Tokunaga, Ken-ichi Honma, Tae Hoon Kim, Miho Sekiguchi, Rumiko Kato, Tetsuo Shimizu, Nobuo Someya, Takeshi Munezawa, Yosuke Kato, Takashi Kanabayashi, Judith A. Owens, Takashi Ohida, Teruhisa Miike, T. Taguchi, Storu Tsuiki, Takeshi Mitani, Hirohito Tsuboi, Miyuki Fukazawa, Eun Joo Jang, Kayoko Ando, Seung Chul Hong, Siu Ping Lam, Soichiro Miyazaki, Kwang Suk Park, Tasuku Suzuki, Nobuhiro Fujiki, Antonia Jakobson, Mark R. Opp, Mika Shimizu, C. R. Chandrashekar, Masayuki Hirai, Siu Ping Joyce Lam, Asao Ito, Chia Ying Weng, Patrick M. Fuller, Tadahiro Ohtsu, T. Hamada, Katsunori Ishida, Manabu Otsuki, Mituaki Yamamoto, In-Young Yoon, Shulan Hsieh, Kazue Okamoto-Mizuno, Masahiro Oura, Tomoko Wakamura, Yoshihiko Koga, Nobuyuki Sudo, M. Takase, Seung Bong Hong, G. S. Lavekar, Talen Kin Hang Wai, Akifumi Kishi, Myeonggul Yeom, Cheng-Ning Huang, Takashi Abe, Sato Honma, Tatsuo Oka, Eui-Joong Kim, Fang Han, Shinichiro Tanaka, Yuu Tanaka, Hiroyoshi Sei, Do-Un Jeong, Kumiko Oi, Kyoko Nishihara, Seong T. Kim, Ken-Ichi Takahashi, Masanori Ookubo, Takashi Kanemura, Hiroshi Yamadera, Seiji Nishino, Yoshimasa Koyama, Keiko Maeda, Ming-Chieh Tsai, Men-Tzung Lo, Haruhiko Soma, Yuji Uchiyama, Masako Tamaki, Takeshi Sasaki, Yoshiharu Kinugasa, Robert W. McCarley, Kun Hee Lee, Kyoo In Chung, Tomoaki Sato, Mikako Kato, Mari Hagihara, Miyo Nakade, Misa Takegami, Michael Alexius A. Sarte, Lalaine Gedal, Bindu M. Kutty, Kouichi Ohsaki, Hideyuki Kanda, Higoshige Chiba, Shihomi Sakurai, Chisato Konno, Sathiamma Sulekha, Hideki Tanaka, Jong-Min Woo, Duk Shin, Akiko Abe, Jun-Ichi Suzuki, Min-Ying Lee, Sathyaprabha T. Narasappa, Y. Satoki, Seung Hyun Yoon, Takashi Kanbayashi, T. Sakohara, Masaaki Tanaka, Koh Mizuno, Crover Ho, Jirou Hitomi, Peter Watson, Won Chul Shin, Mitsuo Sasaki, Sakae Takahashi, Masato Matsuura, Shunichi Fukuhara, Benjamin C. H. Kwan, Yong-Seo Koo, Junko Kawatani, Seung Youp Shin, Ying-Hui Fu, Y. Kita, Yen-Ling Huang, Akiyo Takashima, Noriyuki Shimizu, Ryuji Furihata, Akira Komori, Hayashi Mitsuo, Koichi Iwanaga, J. Kamiyama, Chien-Ming Yang, Yoon Kyung Shin, Bum-Hee Yu, Marco Zucconi, Francoise Joseph, Chen Lin, Jong H. Choi, Chiyoe Murata, Hiroaki Yoshiyama, Satoko Hashimoto, Satoshi Yamamura, Toshimi Ito, Deokwon Ko, Takako Joudoi, Etsuko Hayashi, A. Hayashi, Jung Eun Yoon, Ji Hye Choi, Sadao Sato, Koji Murashima, Chia-Suo Wu, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Kyoko Imai-Matsumura, Takeya MurakI, K. Nakayama, Xin Shirley Li, Soichi Mizuno, Hideto Shinno, Shin Yamazaki, H. Yoshimura, Sung Wan Kim, Akira Sasaki, Yoko Komada, Kohei Shioda, Masaya Takahashi, Basavaraj R. Tubaki, Masahiro Suzuki, Hideki Ohira, Shuichiro Shirakawa, Radhika Basheer, Manzhen Shen, Koji Otani, Masumi Minowa, Ji Hee You, Jun Horiguchi, Ho Jun Seo, Young Min Ahn, Takahiro Kitanaka, Tohru Kodama, S. Sugimori, Ryoji Aritomi, Yoichi Nishimura, Makoto Endo, Hiroshi Nakano, Ritchie E. Brown, Benjamin H. Natelson, Emi Koyama, Mina Kobayashi, Tsuguo Nishijima, Taiki Komatsu, Katsunori Kondo, Madoka Takahara, Zbigniew R. Struzik, Masayuki Ozaki, Robert E. Strecker, Noiihiro Katayama, Tetsuaki Arai, Seiichi Kawada, Jihui Zhang, Yuko Morita, Takashi Hineno, Makoto Honda, Kei Mizuno, Hruda Nanda Mallick, Masahito Ogawa, Shoichi Asaoka, Yutaka Honda, Deependra Kumar, Yukiko Akai, Chul Ho Jung, Ikeda Hiroki, Yusaku Nakashima, Shih-Pin Hsu, Liang-Wen Hang, Sanjay Dubé, Y. Sakai, Fumiharu Togo, Kazuo Chin, Yu Nakamura, Toshiharu Takahashi, Akira Usui, Masatoshi Nakamura, Maki Furutani, Taeko Sasai, Yu-Shu Huang, Yukihiko Ito, Tomohide Kubo, Akio Yasuda, Sanae Fukuda, Seog Ju Kim, Pierre-Hervé Luppi, Kana Tokuyama, David M. Mckenzie, Kiyotaka Yanagihara, Yu Tanaka, Clara Inoue, Mitsuo Hayashi, Satoshi Tsuchiya, Park Chan Soon, Chiaki Shigemasa, Kingman P. Strohl, Akihiro Karashima, Kazuya Yoshida, Tokusei Tanahashi, Yuichi Kato, Miyuki Takano, Bertil B. Fredholm, Toshihiko Innami, Mitsuhiro Ohtsu, Katuo Yamazaki, Shinichi Konno, Yoshiharu Yamamoto, Ichiro Hisatome, Genya Matsuoka, Madelaine M. Wohlreich, Yasuhiro Sasao, In Kyoon Lyoo, Chol Shin, D. Sudhakar, Jason P. Kirkness, T. N. Sathyaprabha, Yau Hong Goh, David R. Hillman, Yu Jin Lee, Tomomi Kawauchi, Chiharu Kubo, Keiko Ogawa, Haruhiko Akiyama, Osamu Igawa, Eun-Mi Lee, Tadao Hori, Russell Conduit, Masahiro Matsumoto, Jin-Seong Lee, Takayuki Nakai, David J. Kennaway, Robert Strecker, Wai Man Mandy Yu, Toshihiro Hamada, Hiroe Takahashi, Yasuaki Hayashino, Tomomasa Ochiai, Ayano Kuriki, Manvir Bhatia, Jeong Su Lee, Shigeru Sakurai, Hiroki Kurahashi, Yun Kwok Wing, Wen-Yen Huang, Yue Nakahara, Shiko Yamashita, Hirokazu Doi, and Hsueh-Yu Li

Subjects
Health psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neurology, Physiology, Physiology (medical), medicine, Sleep research, Human physiology, Psychology, Psychiatry
Published
2009
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7. The study of mandibular position applied to oral appliance for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Author

Toru Ogawa, Toshimi Ito, Michikazu Matsuda, Keiichi Sasaki, and Tasuku Suzuki

Subjects
Obstructive sleep apnea, Orthodontics, Position (obstetrics), Genioglossus, Airway patency, business.industry, Oral appliance, Mandible, Medicine, business, medicine.disease
Abstract

Oral appliances are generally designed to displace one’s mandible forward and downward, thus increasing the airway patency of the patient. Although it has been reported that the activity of the muscle genioglossus (GG) is increased by displacing the mandible protrusively, there is no study evaluating the relation between GG activity and the vertical displacement of mandible.

Published
2010
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8. Genomic Organization of the Mouse OSF-1 Gene

Author

Sunao Takeshita, Masahiro Sato, Toshimi Ito, Egon Amann, and Koh-Ichi Katoh

Subjects
RNA Splicing, Molecular Sequence Data, Restriction Mapping, Pleiotrophin, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice, Exon, Complementary DNA, Genetics, Animals, Coding region, Genomic library, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Molecular Biology, Gene, Genomic organization, Midkine, Genomic Library, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, biology, DNA, Exons, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Molecular biology, Introns, Blotting, Southern, biology.protein, Cytokines, Mitogens, Carrier Proteins
Abstract

The mouse OSF-1 protein (also known as pleiotrophin, HB-GAM, HBGF-8, or HBNF) gene was isolated from a mouse genomic library and sequenced. OSF-1 is a 15-kD secreted protein specifically expressed in bone and brain, and is believed to play a role in brain development and osteogenesis. The mouse OSF-1 gene consists of at least 5 exons and 4 introns and spans32 kb. Computer analysis of approximately 4 kb of 5'-flanking sequence of the OSF-1 gene revealed two candidate promoter regions. One candidate promoter contains a thyroid hormone/retinoic acid-responsive element and the other contains two glucocorticoid-responsive elements. DNA sequence analysis of novel OSF-1 cDNA clones indicates that two promoters can be utilized in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. The overall organization of the mouse OSF-1 gene is similar and the locations of the three exon-intron junctions within the coding region are identical to the mouse gene encoding the differentiation-related factor midkine (MK). Based on this similarity and on the high degree of nucleotide sequence homology (approximately 55%) of mouse OSF-1 and mouse MK, we conclude that OSF-1 and MK are generated from a common ancestral gene and are members of a family of structurally and probably functionally related proteins.

Published
1992
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9. Treatment using oral appliance for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with multiple missing teeth

Author

Toru Ogawa, Marcio Vivan Cardoso, Keiichi Sasaki, Tetsuo Kawata, and Toshimi Ito

Subjects
Pathology specimens, Aged, 80 and over, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, business.industry, Oral appliance, Jaw, Edentulous, Partially, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Dentistry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Denture base, Humans, Sleep (system call), Conceptual content, business, Web site
Abstract

This section is intended to tap into a relatively unique feature of sleep science: images with great educational and conceptual content (e.g., electroencephalograms, electromyograms, polysomnograms, portable devices, actigrams, scans including functional images, pathology specimens, brain slice preparations, fluorescent microscopy and other cutting edge techniques). Please see our web site’s (http://ees.elsevier.com/sleep/) Guide for Authors for instructions. We hope this section will be enriched by the contributions of our colleagues who wish to offer stimulating opportunities for discussion and new insights into the field of sleep.

Published
2008

10. [Untitled]

Author

Tasuku Suzuki, Toru Ogawa, Toshimi Ito, Yoshinori Gunji, Shin Kasahara, Shiro Mori, and Keiichi Sasaki

Published
2008
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11. Inhibition of lens aldose reductase by flavonoids

Author

Toshimi Ito, Yoshinobu Hashimoto, Kiyoshi Ito, Naokata Morita, Munehisa Arisawa, Satoshi Terashima, Toshimitsu Hayashi, Mineo Shimizu, and Shigeki Kurokawa

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Aldose reductase, Avicularin, biology, Stereochemistry, Flavonoid, Glycoside, Biological activity, Plant Science, General Medicine, Horticulture, Biochemistry, Flavones, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flavonols, chemistry, Enzyme inhibitor, biology.protein, Molecular Biology
Abstract

The inhibitory activities of 73 flavonoids against rat aldose reductase were systematically investigated and cosmosiin, luteolin-7-glucuronide, lonicerin, 6-hydroxyluteolin, kaempferol-3-rhamnoside and avicularin were newly found to be highly active. The degree of inhibition appears to depend on the solvent system used. In general flavones are more active than flavonols and flavanones, glycosides are more active than aglycones, and the number of sugars present affects the activity.

Published
1984
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