Search

Abstract Background Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered one of the chronic diseases that can have a relationship with age of menopause onset. Several studies have revealed that early menopause or late menopause can have a correlation with type-2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between the age of menopause onset and type-2 diabetes. Methods and materials PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched for studies that have evaluated the relationship between T2DM and age of menopause onset. We pooled the effect sizes of the included studies using both adjusted odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) of interest outcomes with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Nineteen papers were included in this study, 8 studies were cohorts, and 11 were cross sectional. Studies revealed a statistically significant association between early menopause age and increased odds of T2DM (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.40; I2 = 67%; p = 0.001). Late menopause age was also associated with an increased odds of T2DM (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03–1.26; I2 = 56%; p = 0.01) compared to the reference group with normal menopausal age. As our secondary outcome, the hazard of developing T2DM in individuals with early or late menopausal age was assessed. Pooled analysis demonstrated a significantly higher hazard of T2DM among women with early menopause age (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05–1.64; I2 = 72%; p = 0.02). Late menopause age did not show a significant association (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.84–1.10; I2 = 68%; p = 0.56). Conclusion Early and late menopause can both increase the risk of T2DM. Future research is needed to warrant the certainty of our findings.

Abstract Aim Sleep disorders during pregnancy can impact maternal and neonatal outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sleep quality and maternal and neonatal outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Educational-Therapeutic Center of Shohadaye Yaftabad Referral Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from December 2020 to September 2022. A total of 198 eligible participants were randomly assigned to either the sleep disorders group or the no sleep disorders group. Data were collected through demographic questionnaires, the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the checklist for maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results At baseline, the sleep disorders and no sleep disorders groups were similar in terms of age, body mass index (before pregnancy), education level, employment status, gravida, parity, abortion, and history of COVID-19. Within the sleep disorders group, there was a statistically significant, direct linear correlation between sleep disorders and FBS 34–36 weeks (r = 0.33, P

Abstract Background Female household heads are faced with more problems than men due to their multiple concurrent roles. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship of supportive roles with mental health and satisfaction with life in female household heads in Karaj, Iran using a structural equations model. Methods The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 286 eligible female household heads in Karaj, Iran, in 2020, who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using Vaux’s Social Support, the perceived social support scale, the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and the satisfaction with life questionnaire plus a socio-demographic checklist, and were analyzed in SPSS-16 and Lisrel-8.8. Results The participants’ mean age was 43.1 ± 1.7 years. According to the path analysis results, satisfaction with life had the highest direct positive relationship with perceived social support (B = 0.33) and the highest indirect positive relationship with age (B = 0.13) and the highest direct and indirect positive relationship with education and social support (B = 0.13). Also, mental health had a direct negative relationship with satisfaction with life (B = -0.29), an indirect negative relationship with social support, and both a direct and indirect negative relationship with perceived support (B = -0.26). Conclusion Based on the results, supportive roles had a negative relationship with mental health; in other words, mental health problems increase as supportive roles decrease. They also had a positive relationship with satisfaction with life in female household heads. Accordingly, given the status and role of women in the health of family members and the community and their greater vulnerability, further attention and support should be directed toward these women by the government and relevant organizations like establishment of counseling-support centers.

Background: Teacher evaluation is an essential and useful tool for decision making and determining appropriate teaching policies, especially in universities. The present study aimed to compare the teacher evaluation indices from the perspective of students and teachers at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2013 on 34 faculty members and 418 students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences in Karaj, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on demographic characteristics, target group, appropriate time for teacher evaluation and opinions of faculty members and students about the twenty indices of teacher evaluation. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16 using descriptive statistics, mean test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The most effective target groups for teacher evaluation from the perspective of teachers were elite students (58.9%) and normal students (20.6%), while the most effective target groups for teacher evaluation from the perspective of students were normal students (42.1%) and teachers (14.1%). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, we suggest using the criteria agreed by the teacher and students, revising the teacher evaluation forms, not limiting the evaluation process to the students' opinion, conducting self-evaluation by the teachers, conducting continuous evaluation at different times of the semester, a survey of teachers in preparing forms and summarizing and concluding the evaluations.

Background: In recent years, due to the remarkable advances in medical science and the long-term livelihood of patients, a new concept of death has become important. These advances have changed the concept of death for people, doctors and nurses. The suffering of patients, on the one hand, and the heavy cost of treatment imposed upon patients or families, on the other hand, raise the issue of euthanasia. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of nurses and patients towards euthanasia. Methodology: This study was descriptive-analytic in the second half of 1394 and to compare and compare the attitude of nurses and patients in relation to the euthanasia. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The mean score of nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia was 54.89. So that 146 nurses had attitude score less than 60. Therefore, most nurses had a negative attitude toward euthanasia and did not agree with it. Also, in the group of patients, the mean score of attitude is 56.49, so that 131 patients had an attitude score of less than 60, which indicates that the group is opposed to euthanasia. Conclusion: Comparison of scores in the patients' and nurses' groups suggests that the nurses' group is opposed to the category of euthanasia.

Introduction: Acute eosinophilic appendicitis (AEA) is a rare disease with unknown pathophysiology. Case Report: A 42-years old woman with acute abdominal pain referred to emergency department. Appendicitis confirmed after laboratory tests and sonography. She had a history of allergic reaction 45 days ago while tongue and throat were swollen. In alb test WBC was 7700 with PMN 60%, eosinophils 12% and Lymphocytes 28%. Conclusion: Considering hypersensitivity in physical exam is a suitable way to determine and treatment and preventing of consequent gastro-intestinal complications.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a kind of behavioral disease in that adopting behavioral changes is the only way to control and stop the epidemic. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of education base on the health belief model (HBM) on health-seeking behavior among HIV-positive women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a paralleled, randomized controlled clinical trial done with control group among HIV-positive women who were registered at the voluntary and counseling testing center of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran. Data were gathered by using information obtained from the Motivation-Skill-Behavior questionnaire and demographic data. The women were divided by permuted block and were randomized into two groups. Interventional group participated in six HBM educational classes and used routine counseling guidelines, but the control group used only routine counseling protocol. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 3 weeks after interference among all participants. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: According to the results and statistical test, before intervention, the mean score of knowledge was not significantly different in the two groups, but after intervention in the interventional group, test result and follow-up increased statistically significantly (P = 0.000). Both groups had increased mean score of knowledge, and there is significant trend in level of knowledge(interventional group 20.79 ± 1.88, control group: 17.36 ±2.44) and there was a significant increase in mean attitude follow-up score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the result of the present study, counseling base on HBM by trained educator can increase information-motivation-skill-behavior among women living with HIV.