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1. Revisiting Stochastic Proximal Point Methods: Generalized Smoothness and Similarity

Author

Tovmasyan, Zhirayr, Malinovsky, Grigory, Condat, Laurent, and Richtárik, Peter

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

The growing prevalence of nonsmooth optimization problems in machine learning has spurred significant interest in generalized smoothness assumptions. Among these, the (L0,L1)-smoothness assumption has emerged as one of the most prominent. While proximal methods are well-suited and effective for nonsmooth problems in deterministic settings, their stochastic counterparts remain underexplored. This work focuses on the stochastic proximal point method (SPPM), valued for its stability and minimal hyperparameter tuning - advantages often missing in stochastic gradient descent (SGD). We propose a novel phi-smoothness framework and provide a comprehensive analysis of SPPM without relying on traditional smoothness assumptions. Our results are highly general, encompassing existing findings as special cases. Furthermore, we examine SPPM under the widely adopted expected similarity assumption, thereby extending its applicability to a broader range of scenarios. Our theoretical contributions are illustrated and validated by practical experiments.

Published
2025

2. The possibility and prosperity of Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivation in Armenia under conditions of outdoor hydroponics and soil

Author

Tadevosyan Anna, Daryadar Mahsa, Tovmasyan Anahit, Asatryan Armenuhi, and Hakobjanyan Anahit

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502, Physiology, QP1-981, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Moringa is one of the most important plants in the fight against malnutrition. Its leaves are largely used in food. This subtropical plant is a non-traditional culture for Armenia. For the first time it was cultivated in outdoor hydroponic and soil conditions in Ararat Valley. The aim of the study was to reveal the plant’s cultivation possibility in the outdoor hydroponic conditions and the quantitative and qualitative efficiency of its plant raw material. The results are showing that hydroponic moringa exceeded soil variant 1.7 times in useful biomass of leaves in a count of per plant. Due to high productivity, the hydroponic moringa plants exceeded soil plants with the output of the extractive substances (1.5 times), flavonoids (1.4 times), phenolic acids (1.9 times), tannins (1.2 times), calcium (1.2 times), magnesium (2.9 times), proteins (1.5 times), and carbohydrates (1.3 times). The received results allowed assuming that the hydroponic culture is effective and perspective for moringa cultivation in Armenia.

Published
2022
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3. Functional composites by programming entropy-driven nanosheet growth

Author

Vargo, Emma, Ma, Le, Li, He, Zhang, Qingteng, Kwon, Junpyo, Evans, Katherine M, Tang, Xiaochen, Tovmasyan, Victoria L, Jan, Jasmine, Arias, Ana C, Destaillats, Hugo, Kuzmenko, Ivan, Ilavsky, Jan, Chen, Wei-Ren, Heller, William, Ritchie, Robert O, Liu, Yi, and Xu, Ting

Subjects
Engineering, Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, Materials Engineering, Chemical Sciences, Nanotechnology, Bioengineering, MSD-General, MSD-Nanocomposites, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Nanomaterials must be systematically designed to be technologically viable1-5. Driven by optimizing intermolecular interactions, current designs are too rigid to plug in new chemical functionalities and cannot mitigate condition differences during integration6,7. Despite extensive optimization of building blocks and treatments, accessing nanostructures with the required feature sizes and chemistries is difficult. Programming their growth across the nano-to-macro hierarchy also remains challenging, if not impossible8-13. To address these limitations, we should shift to entropy-driven assemblies to gain design flexibility, as seen in high-entropy alloys, and program nanomaterial growth to kinetically match target feature sizes to the mobility of the system during processing14-17. Here, following a micro-then-nano growth sequence in ternary composite blends composed of block-copolymer-based supramolecules, small molecules and nanoparticles, we successfully fabricate high-performance barrier materials composed of more than 200 stacked nanosheets (125 nm sheet thickness) with a defect density less than 0.056 µm-2 and about 98% efficiency in controlling the defect type. Contrary to common perception, polymer-chain entanglements are advantageous to realize long-range order, accelerate the fabrication process (

Published
2023

6. Study of the lipid status and indicators of hemostasis among young men of different ethnic groups to assess thrombogenic risk

Author

L. D. Tsaturyan, V. Е. Tovmasyan, Е. О. Karabekyan, D. А. Domenyuk, and М. О. Tabunshchikova

Subjects
lipid profile, homocysteine, coagulation profile, genetic polymorphism of the hemostatic system, ethnicity, Medicine
Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the lipid status and indicators of the system of hemostasis in healthy young men of different linguistic families of the North Caucasus region to assess the risk of development of thrombogenic states.. Material and methods. A survey of young men aged 18 to 21 years was carried out with the subsequent establishment of region of residence and nationality to form ethnic groups. Based on the information received during the survey, 62 people were selected: 32 young men of the Indo-European language family (Russians, Greeks, Armenians) and 30 young men of the North Caucasian language family (Chechens, Ingush, Avars, Dargins). The assessment of lipid status was carried out by the photocolorimetric method on a biochemical analyzer, and the analysis of indicators of the hemostasis system was carried out by the clotting method on an automatic coagulometer analyzer. Homocysteine levels were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay on a microplate device. Genetic polymorphisms of the hemostatic system were identified using the real-time PCR. Results. Young men of the Indo-European language family have significantly more low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, homocysteine and antithrombine III content, than representatives of the North Caucasian language family (p < 0.001), and less total number and average platelet volume, prothrombin index, prothrombin concentration according to Quick (p < 0.001). There was also a significantly more frequent occurrence of mutations of the gene encoding fibrinase (p < 0.05) in young men of the Indo-European language family. Conclusions. A comprehensive study among young men of different ethnicities illustrates ethnic differences in lipid status and homocysteine level. Analysis of the main indicators of coagulogram and genetic polymorphism of the hemostasis system allowed us to establish a higher risk of thrombogenic conditions and atherosclerosis in young men of the North Caucasian language family

Published
2024
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7. Can Personality Traits Predict Students' Satisfaction with Blended Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Author

Tovmasyan, Anna, Walker, Daniel, and Kaye, Linda

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the impact of personality traits on student satisfaction with blended learning which many higher education institutions have adopted since the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Personality traits were assessed using the International Personality Item Pool and student satisfaction was recorded on a 7-point Likert scale. Data analysis of 72 undergraduate students revealed that low extraversion and high neuroticism predicted higher levels of student satisfaction. Implications are discussed considering the current pandemic with a view of increasing student satisfaction and in-turn improving National Student Survey results that impact on Teaching Excellence Framework scores and league tables.

Published
2023
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9. Daily affect and alcohol consumption : the role of cognitions and social context

Author

Tovmasyan, Anna, Heim, Stephan, and Monk, Rebecca

Subjects
alcohol consumption, affective states, cognitions, social context, substance use, mood, emotions, positive affect, negative affect
Abstract

Background and aim: Previous research regarding the relationship between affective states, social context and alcohol-related cognitions has yielded inconsistent findings with regards to how these factors shape alcohol behaviours. This thesis therefore aimed to contribute a better understanding of the relationship between daily affect, social context, cognitions and alcohol consumption in non-clinical populations. Methods: Studies 1 and 2 used PRISMA-guided systematic reviews with meta-analyses to examine how daily affect is associated with alcohol consumption volume and drinking likelihood. Study 3 represents an ecological momentary assessment investigation of the association between affect, social context, and drinking volume during COVID-19 lockdown. Study 4 examined the extent to which momentary thoughts may contribute to the amount of alcohol consumed. Study 5 looked at the association of affect and within- and between-person drinking motives on drinking intentions, onset, volume, and intoxication. Results: Both positive and negative affective states were found to be associated with increased consumption quantity (Study 1) while this does not seem to be the case for daily drinking likelihood, as only positive but not negative affect appears to be associated with higher odds of drinking on a given day (Study 2) as. An affect intensity regulation model of alcohol consumption was consequently proposed, which emphasises affect intensity rather than valence as a predictor of consumption volume. Study 3 found that being with others was associated with increased consumption during lockdown which, in turn, was associated with increased negative affect on the next day. Despite that, the opportunity to interact with others was associated with decreased negative affect, emphasising the paradoxical effects of social context on people's affective states. Study 4 suggests that thinking about leisure activities and about alcohol was predictive of decreased subsequent drinking during lockdown. Finally, Study 6 found that, as the UK was emerging of the national lockdown, having increased between-person social drinking motives was protective against increased consumption and intoxication. The study also showed that between- and within-person coping drinking motives were associated with drinking intensions but not commencement, volume, or intoxication. On the other hand, within-person enhancement motives were associated with drinking onset and volume, but not intoxication, suggesting that people may have been drinking more but not necessarily stronger drinks. Conclusion: Adding to an evidence base that has historically produced mixed results, this thesis helps clarify what appears to be a nuanced and complex relationship between daily affect and alcohol consumption. Findings suggest that while positive affect and enhancement motives are associated with drinking commencement, people may not necessarily decide to consume alcohol in order to cope with negative affect. However, where drinking has already commenced both increased positive and negative affect appear to be modestly associated with the amount, but not the strength, of alcohol consumed. Exploratory findings further indicate that thinking about leisure activities and social drinking motives may be protective against increased consumption, while being with someone may be a risk factor. It is suggested that prevention efforts may benefit from targeting support on days characterised by increased levels of positive affect and on days on which individuals are with others.

Published
2022

11. The Hoya The Hoya The Hoya MEN'S BASKETBALL | Hoyas End Two-Game Losing Streak With Win Against Butler

Author

Tovmasyan, Allen

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

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Published
2025

12. Multilayer Reading of the Urban Environment as a Method of Studying Space Transformation

Author

Arsen Abrahamyan and Sargis Tovmasyan

Subjects
urban planning, urban environment, the transformation of space, textuality, the identity of space, Architecture, NA1-9428, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Abstract: The urban environment is undergoing significant transformations driven by a multitude of factors, raising methodological questions about forecasting these changes within the context of sustainable development. This article delves into the multifaceted realm of urban science, exploring how it scrutinizes urban spaces, the tools it employs, and the aspects it often overlooks. Contemporary urban science confronts the intricate web of constituents that comprise a city system and their intricate interplay. This complexity underscores the fragmentary and non-comprehensive nature of modern urban studies. The questions of what urban science is, from what point of view and with what tools it examines the urban space, and which phenomena are ignored or incompletely studied in that process were studied. Based on the complexity level of the constituent elements of the city system and the interrelationship of these elements, the non-comprehensive and fragmentary character of studies of modern urban science has been formulated, and "Reading" the city becomes an essential endeavor, unveiling the city's narrative, culture, and identity. This article contemplates the principles and methodologies of reading the urban landscape, recognizing it as a dynamic, ever-evolving text that we must interpret and comprehend. Article states the need for "reading" the city and form the "language" of the city applying the concept of "textuality" as an interdisciplinary method to study the space, as well as the principles and methods of reading the urban landscape. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together diverse methods to shed light on the multifaceted urban landscape. This holistic and interdisciplinary approach is vital in addressing the dynamic challenges and opportunities posed by modern urbanization. Keywords: urbanism, landscape, transformation, identity, textuality,

Published
2023
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13. The Impact of COVID-19 on Education Quality and Learning Efficiency in Universities: Evidence from Armenia

Author

Tovmasyan, Gayane, Hakhverdyan, Davit, Mkrtchyan, Tatul, and Petrosyan, Arsen

Abstract

The aim of the article is to report on how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced education quality and learning efficiency in universities in the Republic of Armenia. A survey was administered to 783 students and 169 academic staff members at one of the universities in Armenia. Results indicate that both students (73%) and academic staff (54%) preferred offline (classroom) learning. The level of satisfaction with the effectiveness of online learning among academic staff was higher (65%) then among students (54%). The survey revealed some positive sides of online learning, connected with being able to record lessons; time flexibility; savings of time and money on transportation; and computer skills development. However, online learning has many negative sides, including being more tedious and stressful; lacking face-to-face communication and socialisation; a lack of control; leading to a competitive environment among students; difficulty in using interactive methods; and technical issues can occur frequently. The findings may be useful for universities in small, developing countries seeking to improve their online learning and education quality.

Published
2022

15. Preformed pairs in flat Bloch bands

Author

Tovmasyan, Murad, Peotta, Sebastiano, Liang, Long, Törmä, Päivi, and Huber, Sebastian D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

In a flat Bloch band the kinetic energy is quenched and single particles cannot propagate since they are localized due to destructive interference. Whether this remains true in the presence of interactions is a challenging question because a flat dispersion usually leads to highly correlated ground states. Here we compute numerically the ground state energy of lattice models with completely flat band structure in a ring geometry. We find that the energy as a function of the magnetic flux threading the ring has a half-flux quantum $\Phi_0/2 = hc/(2e)$ period, indicating that only bound pairs of particles with charge $2e$ are propagating, while single quasiparticles with charge $e$ remain localized. We show analytically in one dimension that in fact the whole many-body spectrum has the same periodicity. Our analytical arguments are valid for both bosons and fermions, for generic interactions respecting some symmetries of the lattice and at arbitrary temperatures. Moreover we construct an extensive number of exact conserved quantities for the one dimensional lattice models. These conserved quantities are associated to the occupation of localized single quasiparticle states. Our results imply that in lattice models with flat bands preformed pairs dominate transport even above the critical temperature of the transition to a superfluid state., Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures. This version version is almost identical to the published one. Some minor errors present in the published version have been corrected here

Published
2018
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16. The Hoya The Hoya The Hoya MEN'S BASKETBALL PROFILE | Malik Mack

Author

Tovmasyan, Allen

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

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Published
2024

17. The Hoya The Hoya The Hoya COMMENTARY | Hoya Standout Jacob Murrell Highlights DC United College Night

Author

Tovmasyan, Allen

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Allen Tovmasyan content'],'key':'location'}],'devices':['desktop'],'name':'Content','sticky':false,'location':'Content','dynamic':{'pageSelector':'','spacing':0.85,'max':5,'lazyMax':94,'enable':true,'lazy':true,'elementSelector':'.sno-story-container > p, #sno-story-body-content > p','skip':5,'classNames':[],'position':'afterend','every':1,'enabled':true},'stickyOverlapSelector':'','adSizes':[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],'priority':199,'autosize':true},{'sequence':null,'targeting':[{'value':['Content'],'key':'location'}],'devices':['tablet'],'name':'Content','sticky':false,'location':'Content','dynamic':{'pageSelector':'','spacing':0.7,'max':6,'lazyMax':93,'enable':true,'lazy':true,'elementSelector':'.sno-story-container > p, #sno-story-body-content > p','skip':5,'classNames':[],'position':'afterend','every':1,'enabled':true},'stickyOverlapSelector':'','adSizes':[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],'priority':199,'autosize':true},{'sequence':null,'targeting':[{'value':['Content'],'key':'location'}],'devices':['phone'],'name':'Content','sticky':false,'location':'Content','dynamic':{'pageSelector':'','spacing':0.85,'max':5,'lazyMax':94,'enable':true,'lazy':true,'elementSelector':'.sno-story-container > p, #sno-story-body-content > p','skip':5,'classNames':[],'position':'afterend','every':1,'enabled':true},'stickyOverlapSelector':'','adSizes':[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],'priority':199,'autosize':true},{'sequence':null,'targeting':[{'value':['Below Post'],'key':'location'}],'devices':['phone','tablet','desktop'],'name':'Below_Post','sticky':false,'location':'Below Post','dynamic':{'pageSelector':'','spacing':0,'max':0,'lazyMax':1,'enable':true,'lazy':true,'elementSelector':'.sno-story-related-content 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.entry-content > p, .sno-story-container > p, #sno-story-body-content > [...]

Published
2024

21. Permanent Magnets Undulator for Terahertz FEL

Author

Petrosyan, M. L., Gabrielyan, L. A., Nazaryan, Yu. R., Tovmasyan, G. Kh., Oganesyan, K. B., Gevorgyan, A. H., Ayryan, E. A., and Rostovtsev, Yu. V.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The terahertz FEL ferromagnetic undulator has been created. The length of the undulator period is 9cm, number of the periods is 27. By means of selection and redistribution of magnetic elements the spread of amplitudes of the magnetic field was reduced to 7%. Additional windings of magnetic elements were used to compensate for residual spread. Required focusing gradient of magnetic field was obtained as a result of relative displacement of alternating poles with opposite charge of magnetic field along the x axis. Parameters of undulator including focusing properties in the horizontal plane were investigated., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017

22. Impact of anthropogenic factor on changes in physical and chemical properties of chernozems in the lake Sevan basin of the republic of Armenia

Author

Kroyan Samvel, Tovmasyan Suren, and Margaryan Anush

Subjects
anthropogenic factor, humus, total nitrogen, chernozems, carbonates, calcium, magnesium, sodium, Microbiology, QR1-502, Physiology, QP1-981, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

This article focuses on the study of changes in the physical and chemical composition of mountain chernozems of the Republic of Armenia under the influence of an anthropogenic factor. It is established that under long-term and unsystematic agricultural use of chernozems in arable variants of soils, in comparison with virgin soil, significant changes in their physical and chemical properties are observed. Especially, absorption capacity decreases as a result of reduction of such important bases as absorbed calcium and magnesium. To improve the physical and chemical properties, increase fertility, effective use, and protection of mountain chernozems of the Lake Sevan basin of the Republic of Armenia, it is necessary to develop and apply a complete scientifically substantiated system of agrotechnical measures.

Published
2024
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23. Anthropogenic changes of the agricultural production features of river valley-еscarpment soils in Martuni region, Sevan basin, RA

Author

Kroyan Samvel, Tovmasyan Suren, and Margaryan Anush

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

The article discusses the agro-production features of the river valley-escarpment soils of the Republic of Armenia, the negative changes occurring in the soils due to the impact of climate change and the anthropogenic factor, as well as a number of issues related to the ways of increasing soil fertility. According to the Research results, river valley-escarpment soils are in general, characterized by high natural fertility and are widely used in agricultural production as high-quality arable land. Meantime, significant changes in the agro-productive features of soils are observed as well. In order to efficiently use the land, increase and maintain the fertility, it is recommended that scientifically based complex agrotechnical measures in compliance with local conditions are applied.

Published
2024
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26. Single nucleus transcriptomics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of combined CDK4/6 and mTOR inhibition in a phase 0/1 trial of recurrent high-grade glioma

Author

Johnson, Kevin C., primary, Tien, An-Chi, additional, Jiang, Jun, additional, McNamara, James, additional, Chang, Yu-Wei, additional, Montgomery, Chelsea, additional, DeSantis, Anita, additional, Elena-Sanchez, Leonel, additional, Fujita, Yoko, additional, Kim, Seongho, additional, Spitzer, Avishay, additional, Gabriel, Paul, additional, Flynn, William F., additional, Courtois, Elise, additional, Hong, Amy, additional, Harmon, Jocelyn, additional, Umemura, Yoshie, additional, Tovmasyan, Artak, additional, Li, Jing, additional, Mehta, Shwetal, additional, Verhaak, Roel G.W., additional, and Sanai, Nader, additional

Published
2024
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28. Niraparib efficacy in patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma: Clinical readout of a phase 0/2 "trigger" trial.

Author

Sanai, Nader, primary, Umemura, Yoshie, additional, Margaryan, Tigran, additional, Molloy, Jennifer, additional, Zhang, Hualin, additional, Knight, William, additional, Harmon, Jocelyn, additional, Hong, Amy, additional, Wanebo, John, additional, Braun, Kelly, additional, Kennedy, William R., additional, Garcia, Michael A., additional, Barani, Igor J., additional, Yoo, Wonsuk, additional, Tien, An-Chi, additional, Tovmasyan, Artak, additional, and Mehta, Shwetal, additional

Published
2024
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29. Effective theory and emergent $SU(2)$ symmetry in the flat bands of attractive Hubbard models

Author

Tovmasyan, Murad, Peotta, Sebastiano, Törmä, Päivi, and Huber, Sebastian D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Quantum Physics
Abstract

In a partially filled flat Bloch band electrons do not have a well defined Fermi surface and hence the low-energy theory is not a Fermi liquid. Neverethless, under the influence of an attractive interaction, a superconductor well described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) wave function can arise. Here we study the low-energy effective Hamiltonian of a generic Hubbard model with a flat band. We obtain an effective Hamiltonian for the flat band physics by eliminating higher lying bands via perturbative Schrieffer-Wolff transformation. At first order in the interaction energy we recover the usual procedure of projecting the interaction term onto the flat band Wannier functions. We show that the BCS wave function is the exact ground state of the projected interaction Hamiltonian and that the compressibility is diverging as a consequence of an emergent $SU(2)$ symmetry. This symmetry is broken by second order interband transitions resulting in a finite compressibility, which we illustrate for a one-dimensional ladder with two perfectly flat bands. These results motivate a further approximation leading to an effective ferromagnetic Heisenberg model. The gauge-invariant result for the superfluid weight of a flat band can be obtained from the ferromagnetic Heisenberg model only if the maximally localized Wannier functions in the Marzari-Vanderbilt sense are used. Finally, we prove an important inequality $D \geq \mathcal{W}^2$ between the Drude weight $D$ and the winding number $\mathcal{W}$, which guarantees ballistic transport for topologically nontrivial flat bands in one dimension.

Published
2016
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30. Separate Principles of Spatial Planning in the Border Regions on the Example of Meghri Community

Author

Sargis Tovmasyan and Hayk Zirakyan

Subjects
border region, settlement, security, road network, infrastructures, access to services, Architecture, NA1-9428, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The paper aims to apply such principles of territorial planning in border areas and regions under the threat of war, which will allow to meet the primary needs of the population under relatively peaceful conditions and, in emergency situations, will reduce the vulnerability of territories and populations. To solve this problem, the issues specific to the border regions and principles of their classification were studied, which were found both in international documents and in scientific publications. In the example of the Meghri community of Syunik Marz, RA, such factors directly related to spatial planning, such as geographical location; natural, economic, and cultural resources; territorial placement of settlements; population; and infrastructure, were investigated. To solve the problem of access to public services, the infrastructures for providing the primary needs of the population were selected and categorized according to access levels. The study's findings led to recommendations for using these spatial planning concepts, which will guarantee that all the residents in the community's settlements have access to services.

Published
2022
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31. Monitoring of Weak and Moderate Earthquakes Using GNSS Technologies

Author

Anush Margaryan, Suren Tovmasyan, Vahagn Muradyan, and Larisa Manukyan

Subjects
Permanent reference stations, Permanent reference stations, GNSS technologies, deformation, geodynamics, earthquake, deformation, geodynamics, earthquake, Architecture, NA1-9428, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The geodetic monitoring results of the earthquake in the seismically active area at the Republic of Armenia using GNSS technologies are presented in this article. The necessity of using geodetic tools-equipment, in particular satellite technologies, in the process of seismic studies is substantiated, proving the fact of the validity and reliability of the data. The monitoring results of the horizontal-vertical shifts’ coordinates of the permanent reference stations affected by the earthquake in Armenia on February 13, 2021 at different time intervals (5 days before the earthquake, 2 hours and 10 minutes before and after, as well as at the moment of the earthquake) were analyzed and the graph analyzes were given.

Published
2022
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32. EVALUATING THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA AND OTHER MEMBER STATES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

Author

Gayane Tovmasyan

Subjects
Tourism-Led Growth, Tourism Expenses, GDP, Armenia, Eurasian Economic Union, Political theory, JC11-607, Law
Abstract

Tourism has a significant role in the economies of many countries. It creates jobs, brings money, promotes investments, decreases poverty, develops infrastructures, etc. Many research works try to evaluate the role of tourism development on the economy. The article evaluates the role of tourism development in the economy of Armenia and checks the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis (TLGH). With the help of statistical methods, the article evaluates the connections between tourism total expenses (visitor exports, domestic spending, government spending, and capital investment), the number of tourists and tourism total contribution to GDP, employment and other indicators. Besides, the correlation analysis between these indicators was done for the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union. The results show that the increase in tourism expenses and the number of tourists will increase GDP and employment. However, the change in tourism contribution to employment is not so high, which was explained by different reasons. The same is the case for other countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The article results may be helpful for future studies, as well as for government agencies for evaluating tourism contribution to economic development and for elaborating tourism development policies.

Published
2022

33. Automated Writing Evaluation: The Accuracy of Grammarly's Feedback on Form

Author

Marina Dodigovic and Artak Tovmasyan

Subjects
awe, grammar checkers, grammarly, icall, ai, Education, English language, PE1-3729
Abstract

Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) is gaining more and more presence, with Grammarly being a prominent example of this kind of software, which provides automated feedback on essay writing. While the Grammarly advertisement is full of praise regarding its ability to give meaningful feedback at various levels, including grammar or form, plagiarism, vocabulary and style, there has been little third party research to support these claims. Since Grammarly’s vocabulary feedback accuracy has already been examined to some extent (Dodigovic, Mlynarski & Wei, 2016), this study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of Grammarly’s grammar checker feedback. It did so by investigating the reports generated by Grammarly as a response to a small corpus of EFL writing, compiled from essays written by Armenian undergraduate students. The results were compared with those of human raters. In addition to Grammarly’s error detection power, the study also investigated the kind of remediation that Grammarly suggested. The comparisons revealed that on detected errors of form, Grammarly mostly provides accurate feedback, with occasional inconsistencies. It was also found to provide mainly adequate remediation for the correctly detected errors of form. However, it also left a number of errors undetected, which led to the omission of remediation. The study concluded that, despite its considerable usefulness, when using Grammarly, English learners should avoid relying solely on its feedback.

Published
2021
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39. Ascorbate-dependent and ascorbate-independent Mn porphyrin cytotoxicity: anticancer activity of Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics through ascorbate-dependent and -independent routes

Author

Bader Hasan, Artak Tovmasyan, Ines Batinic-Haberle, and Ludmil Benov

Subjects
anticancer activity, tumoricidal, hydrogen peroxide, cellular uptake, metalloporphyrin, reactive oxygen species, membrane damage, ascorbate, Pathology, RB1-214, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how modifications at the periphery of the porphyrin ring affect the anticancer activity of Mn porphyrins (MnPs)-based SOD mimics. Methods Six compounds: MnTE-2-PyP with a short ethyl chain on the pyridyl ring; MnTnHexOE-2-PyP and MnTnOct-2-PyP with linear 8-atom alkyl chains, but the former with an oxygen atom within the alkyl chain; MnTE-2-PyPhP and MnTPhE-2-PyP with pyridyl and phenyl substituents, were investigated. Cytotoxicity was studied using pII and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Viability was assessed by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and cell proliferation was determined by the sulforhodamine B assay. Results Cellular uptake was increased with the increase of the lipophilicity of the compounds, whereas reduction potential (E½) of the Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox couple shifted away from the optimal value for efficient redox cycling with ascorbate, necessary for ROS production. Amphiphilic MnPs, however, exerted anticancer activity by a mechanism not involving ROS. Conclusion Two different processes account for MnPs cytotoxicity. MnPs with appropriate E½ act via a ROS-dependent mechanism. Amphiphilic MnPs with suitable structure damage sensitive cellular constituents, leading to the suppression of proliferation and loss of viability. Design of compounds interacting directly with sensitive cellular targets is highly promising in the development of anticancer drugs with high selectivity and specificity.

Published
2021
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40. The Hoya The Hoya The Hoya MEN'S LACROSSE | Hoyas Defeat Friars on the Road to Start Big East Play

Author

Tovmasyan, Allen

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Allen Tovmasyan content'],'key':'location'}],'devices':['desktop'],'name':'Content','sticky':false,'location':'Content','dynamic':{'pageSelector':'','spacing':0.85,'max':5,'lazyMax':94,'enable':true,'lazy':true,'elementSelector':'.sno-story-container > p, #sno-story-body-content > p','skip':5,'classNames':[],'position':'afterend','every':1,'enabled':true},'stickyOverlapSelector':'','adSizes':[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],'priority':199,'autosize':true},{'sequence':null,'targeting':[{'value':['Content'],'key':'location'}],'devices':['tablet'],'name':'Content','sticky':false,'location':'Content','dynamic':{'pageSelector':'','spacing':0.7,'max':6,'lazyMax':93,'enable':true,'lazy':true,'elementSelector':'.sno-story-container > p, #sno-story-body-content > p','skip':5,'classNames':[],'position':'afterend','every':1,'enabled':true},'stickyOverlapSelector':'','adSizes':[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],'priority':199,'autosize':true},{'sequence':null,'targeting':[{'value':['Content'],'key':'location'}],'devices':['phone'],'name':'Content','sticky':false,'location':'Content','dynamic':{'pageSelector':'','spacing':0.85,'max':5,'lazyMax':94,'enable':true,'lazy':true,'elementSelector':'.sno-story-container > p, #sno-story-body-content > p','skip':5,'classNames':[],'position':'afterend','every':1,'enabled':true},'stickyOverlapSelector':'','adSizes':[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],'priority':199,'autosize':true},{'sequence':null,'targeting':[{'value':['Below Post'],'key':'location'}],'devices':['phone','tablet','desktop'],'name':'Below_Post','sticky':false,'location':'Below Post','dynamic':{'pageSelector':'','spacing':0,'max':0,'lazyMax':1,'enable':true,'lazy':true,'elementSelector':'.sno-story-related-content ','skip':0,'classNames':[],'position':'afterend','every':1,'enabled':true},'stickyOverlapSelector':'','adSizes':[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,250],[970,250],[728,250]],'priority':99,'autosize':true},{'sequence':null,'targeting':[{'value':['Footer'],'key':'location'},{'value':true,'key':'sticky'}],'devices':['tablet','phone','desktop'],'name':'Footer','sticky':true,'location':'Footer','dynamic':{'pageSelector':'','spacing':0,'max':1,'lazyMax':null,'enable':true,'lazy':false,'elementSelector':'body','skip':0,'classNames':[],'position':'beforeend','every':1,'enabled':true},'stickyOverlapSelector':'','adSizes':[[320,50],[320,100],[728,90],[970,90],[468,60],[1,1],[300,50]],'priority':-1,'autosize':true}],'adDensityLayout':{'mobile':{'adDensity':0.28,'onePerViewport':false},'pageOverrides':[],'desktop':{'adDensity':0.28,'onePerViewport':false}},'adDensityEnabled':true,'siteExperiments':[],'adTypes':{'sponsorTileDesktop':true,'nativeDesktopContent':true,'outstreamDesktop':true,'nativeBelowPostDesktop':true,'miniscroller':true,'animatedFooter':true,'largeFormatsMobile':true,'nativeMobileContent':true,'inRecipeRecommendationMobile':true,'nativeMobileRecipe':true,'expandableFooter':true,'nativeDesktopSidebar':true,'sponsorTileMobile':true,'interscroller':true,'nativeDesktopRecipe':true,'outstreamMobile':true,'nativeHeaderDesktop':true,'nativeHeaderMobile':true,'nativeBelowPostMobile':true,'largeFormatsDesktop':true,'inRecipeRecommendationDesktop':true},'adOptions':{'theTradeDesk':true,'rtbhouse':true,'verizon':true,'undertone':true,'sidebarConfig':{'dynamicStickySidebar':{'minHeight':1800,'enabled':true,'blockedSelectors':[]}},'concert':false,'footerCloseButton':false,'teads':true,'pmp':false,'thirtyThreeAcross':true,'sharethrough':true,'removeVideoTitleWrapper':true,'pubMatic':true,'roundel':true,'infiniteScroll':false,'yahoossp':true,'improvedigital':true,'stickyContainerConfig':{'recipe':{'minHeight':null,'enabled':false},'recipeDesktop':{'minHeight':400,'enabled':false},'blockedSelectors':[],'content':{'minHeight':null,'enabled':false},'recipeMobile':{'minHeight':400,'enabled':false}},'sonobi':true,'yieldmo':true,'footerSelector':'','amazonUAM':true,'gamMCMEnabled':true,'gamMCMChildNetworkCode':'22550986106','rubiconMediaMath':true,'rubicon':true,'conversant':true,'resetdigital':true,'openx':true,'mobileHeaderHeight':1,'unruly':true,'mediaGrid':true,'bRealTime':true,'gumgum':true,'comscoreFooter':true,'desktopInterstitial':false,'footerCloseButtonDesktop':false,'ozone':false,'isAutoOptimized':true,'adform':true,'comscoreTAL':true,'targetaff':false,'advancePlaylistOptions':{'playlistPlayer':{'enabled':true},'relatedPlayer':{'enabled':true,'applyToFirst':true}},'amazonASR':false,'kargo':true,'liveRampATS':true,'footerCloseButtonMobile':false,'interstitialBlockedPageSelectors':'','allowSmallerAdSizes':true,'comscore':'General','mobileInterstitial':true,'tripleLift':true,'sensitiveCategories':['alc','ast','conl','dat','drg','gamc','gamv','wtl'],'liveRamp':true,'adthriveEmailIdentity':true,'criteo':true,'nativo':false,'infiniteScrollOptions':{'selector':'','heightThreshold':0},'dynamicContentSlotLazyLoading':true,'clsOptimizedAds':true,'colossus':true,'aidem':false,'verticals':['News','Sports'],'inImage':false,'advancePlaylist':true,'delayLoading':false,'inImageZone':null,'appNexus':true,'liveRampId':'','infiniteScrollRefresh':false,'indexExchange':true,'customCreativeEnabled':true},'videoPlayers':{'contextual':{'autoplayCollapsibleEnabled':false,'overrideEmbedLocation':false,'defaultPlayerType':'static'},'videoEmbed':'wordpress','footerSelector':'','contentSpecificPlaylists':[],'players':[{'playlistId':'bRuyZ75Q','pageSelector':'','devices':['mobile'],'mobileLocation':'top-center','description':'','skip':2,'title':'','type':'stickyPlaylist','enabled':true,'footerSelector':'','elementSelector':'body.single .entry-content > p, .sno-story-container > p, #sno-story-body-content > [...]

Published
2024

42. Geometry induced pair condensation

Author

Tovmasyan, Murad, van Nieuwenburg, Evert, and Huber, Sebastian

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We study a one-dimensional model of interacting bosons on a lattice with two flat bands. Regular condensation is suppressed due to the absence of a well defined minimum in the single particle spectrum. We find that interactions stabilize a number of non-trivial phases like a pair (quasi-) condensate, a supersolid at incommensurable fillings and valence bond crystals at commensurability. We support our analytical calculations with numerical simulations using the density matrix renormalization group technique. Implications for cold-atoms and extensions to higher dimensions are discussed., Comment: 4+ pages

Published
2013
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44. Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of Catalytic Activity of Chiral Cu(II) and Ni(II) Salen Complexes in the α-Amino Acid C-α Alkylation Reaction

Author

Anna S. Tovmasyan, Anna F. Mkrtchyan, Hamlet N. Khachatryan, Mary V. Hayrapetyan, Robert M. Hakobyan, Artavazd S. Poghosyan, Avetis H. Tsaturyan, Ela V. Minasyan, Victor I. Maleev, Vladimir A. Larionov, Armen G. Ayvazyan, Norio Shibata, Giovanni N. Roviello, and Ashot S. Saghyan

Subjects
phase transfer catalysis, asymmetric catalysis, salen complexes, alkylation, amino acids, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

A new family of Cu(II) and Ni(II) salen complexes was synthesized and fully characterized through various physicochemical methods. Their catalytic activity was evaluated in the phase transfer Cα-alkylation reaction of the Schiff bases of D,L-alanine ester and benzaldehyde derivatives. It was found that the introduction of a chlorine atom into the ortho- and para-positions of the phenyl ring of the substrate resulted in an increase in both the chemical yield and the asymmetric induction (ee 66–98%). The highest enantiomeric excess was achieved in the case of a Cu(II) salen complex based on (S,S)-cyclohexanediamine and salicylaldehyde at −20 °C. The occurrence of a bulky substituent in the ligand present in the complexes led to a drastic decrease in ee and chemical yield. For instance, the introduction of bulky substituents at positions 3 and 5 of the phenyl ring of the catalyst resulted in a complete loss of the stereoselectivity control in the alkylation reaction.

Published
2023
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46. On Nonlinear Higher Spin Curvature

Author

Manvelyan, Ruben, Mkrtchyan, Karapet, Rühl, Werner, and Tovmasyan, Murad

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We present the first nonlinear term of the higher spin curvature which is covariant with respect to deformed gauge transformations that are linear in the field. We consider in detail the case of spin 3 after presenting spin 2 as an example, and then construct the general spin s quadratic term of the deWit-Freedman curvature., Comment: 12 pages

Published
2011
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47. Radioprotection of the Brain White Matter by Mn(III) N-Butoxyethylpyridylporphyrin–Based Superoxide Dismutase Mimic MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+

Author

Weitzel, Douglas H, Tovmasyan, Artak, Ashcraft, Kathleen A, Rajic, Zrinka, Weitner, Tin, Liu, Chunlei, Li, Wei, Buckley, Anne F, Prasad, Mark R, Young, Kenneth H, Rodriguiz, Ramona M, Wetsel, William C, Peters, Katherine B, Spasojevic, Ivan, Herndon, James E, Batinic-Haberle, Ines, and Dewhirst, Mark W

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Brain Cancer, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Rare Diseases, Neurological, Animals, Brain Neoplasms, Cell Line, Tumor, Corpus Callosum, Glioblastoma, Humans, Metalloporphyrins, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Oxidative Stress, Radiation-Protective Agents, White Matter, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Biochemistry and cell biology, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Cranial irradiation is a standard therapy for primary and metastatic brain tumors. A major drawback of radiotherapy (RT), however, is long-term cognitive loss that affects quality of life. Radiation-induced oxidative stress in normal brain tissue is thought to contribute to cognitive decline. We evaluated the effectiveness of a novel mimic of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)(Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin), to provide long-term neuroprotection following 8 Gy of whole brain irradiation. Long-term RT damage can only be assessed by brain imaging and neurocognitive studies. C57BL/6J mice were treated with MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) before and after RT and evaluated three months later. At this time point, drug concentration in the brain was 25 nmol/L. Mice treated with MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)/RT exhibited MRI evidence for myelin preservation in the corpus callosum compared with saline/RT treatment. Corpus callosum histology demonstrated a significant loss of axons in the saline/RT group that was rescued in the MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)/RT group. In addition, the saline/RT groups exhibited deficits in motor proficiency as assessed by the rotorod test and running wheel tests. These deficits were ameliorated in groups treated with MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)/RT. Our data demonstrate that MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) is neuroprotective for oxidative stress damage caused by radiation exposure. In addition, glioblastoma cells were not protected by MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) combination with radiation in vitro. Likewise, the combination of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) with radiation inhibited tumor growth more than RT alone in flank tumors. In summary, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) has dual activity as a neuroprotector and a tumor radiosensitizer. Thus, it is an attractive candidate for adjuvant therapy with RT in future studies with patients with brain cancer.

Published
2015

49. Unnatural Phosphorus‐Containing α‐Amino Acids and Their N‐FMOC Derivatives: Synthesis and In Vitro Investigation of Anticholinesterase Activity

Author

Dadayan, Ani S., primary, Mkrtchyan, Anna F., additional, Poghosyan, Atravazd S., additional, Dadayan, Slavik A., additional, Stepanyan, Lala A., additional, Israyelyan, Monika H., additional, Tovmasyan, Anna S., additional, Tsaturyan, Avetis H., additional, Hovhannisyan, Nona A., additional, Topuzyan, Vigen O., additional, Sargsyan, Tatevik H., additional, and Saghyan, Ashot S., additional

Published
2024
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50. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Mono- and Binuclear Salen Complexes for the Cα-Alkylation Reaction of Amino Acid Substrates as Chiral Phase Transfer Catalysts

Author

Roviello, Giovanni, primary, Hovhannisyan, Anahit M., additional, Tovmasyan, Anna S., additional, Mkrtchyan, Anna F., additional, Ghazaryan, Karapet R., additional, Minasyan, Ela V., additional, Dallakyan, Olgert L., additional, Chobanyan, Mikayel, additional, Zakaryan, Hayk, additional, and Saghyan, Ashot S., additional

Published
2024
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