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4 results on '"Toye Bw"'

1. Impact of Mycobacterium avium Complex Prophylaxis on the Incidence of Mycobacterial Infections and Transfusion-Requiring Anemia in an HIV-Positive Population

Author

Fyke K, Nanci Hawley-Foss, D. W. Cameron, Toye Bw, Stephen Kravcik, Yurack Ja, and Fillion D

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, Rifabutin, Anemia, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Population, Bacteremia, HIV Infections, Biology, Zidovudine, Virology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Blood Transfusion, education, Antibiotics, Antitubercular, Immunodeficiency, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection, Retrospective Studies, education.field_of_study, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), medicine.disease, Population study, medicine.drug
Abstract

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is common in persons with advanced HIV infection and can be prevented by prophylactic use of rifabutin; however, routine prophylaxis is costly and incompletely effective. Chronic anemia is a common manifestation of MAC infection. We conducted a retrospective population study of the annual incidence of MAC bacteremia and blood transfusion for anemia in a regional HIV-positive population before and after the introduction of rifabutin to determine the effect of MAC prophylaxis on the incidence of transfusion-requiring anemia. The HIV-infected patient populations in 1992 and 1993 were comparable in number, severity of immunodeficiency, and zidovudine (ZDV) use. The use of rifabutin for MAC prophylaxis for those with CD4 T-lymphocyte counts < 100/microl increased from 17.2% in 1992 to 33.7% in 1993 (p < 0.001), whereas diagnostic surveillance for MAC bacteremia was stable. In 1993, there was a decrease in the number of HIV-infected persons from whom MAC was isolated (10 vs. 26, p = 0.004), and a significant decrease in the number of patients transfused for anemia (15 vs. 35, p = 0.002), number of transfusion episodes, and numbers of units transfused, associated with significant cost and resource savings. Adoption of MAC prophylaxis was followed by a significant decrease in the number of diagnosed MAC infections and in transfusion requirements in an HIV-positive population with sustained surveillance and similar levels of immunodeficiency, which may represent a health and economic benefit of effective [correction of defective] MAC prophylaxis in a population at risk.

Published
1996
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2. Mycobacterium abscessus infection after use of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor therapy: case report and review of infectious complications associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor use.

Author

Mufti AH, Toye BW, Mckendry RR, and Angel JB

Subjects
Aged, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal administration & dosage, Antibodies, Monoclonal therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Infliximab, Mice, Mycobacterium isolation & purification, Mycobacterium Infections microbiology, Antibodies, Monoclonal adverse effects, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Mycobacterium classification, Mycobacterium Infections diagnosis, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha antagonists & inhibitors
Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors, such as infliximab and etanercept, are now frequently used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's disease. As an apparent result of their immune modulating activity, there has been an observed association between the use of these agents and the development of a wide range of infections, most notably Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We describe a case of infection with Mycobacterium abscessus in a 67-year-old woman receiving infliximab as a component of her therapy for RA. This case, along with extensive reports in the medical literature, illustrate how treatment with inhibitors of TNF-alpha has the potential to result in a wide range of infectious complications, including rapid growing Mycobacterium.

Published
2005
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3. Osteomyelitis subsequent to abdominal-vaginal sacropexy.

Author

Cranney A, Feibel R, Toye BW, and Karsh J

Subjects
Aged, Female, Humans, Sacrum surgery, Spinal Diseases etiology, Urinary Tract Infections etiology, Lumbar Vertebrae, Osteomyelitis etiology, Postoperative Complications, Surgical Mesh, Uterine Prolapse surgery
Abstract

Vertebral osteomyelitis is an uncommon complication of abdominal-vaginal sacropexy. Our patient developed polymicrobial osteomyelitis postoperatively, with the suspected route of infection attributed to contiguous spread from an infected mesh.

Published
1994

4. Canadian survey of antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. The Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Study Group.

Author

Toye BW, Scriver SR, and Low DE

Subjects
Canada, Cefepime, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Enterobacteriaceae Infections epidemiology, Enterobacteriaceae Infections microbiology, Humans, Klebsiella Infections epidemiology, Klebsiella Infections microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Cefpirome, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Enterobacter drug effects, Klebsiella drug effects
Abstract

Increasing antimicrobial resistance has been reported for Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. The in-vitro activities of 14 antimicrobial agents against 656 clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. and 630 isolates of Enterobacter spp. collected from seven cities in Canada were determined by microbroth dilution. There was no regional variation in the susceptibility patterns. Klebsiella spp. remain highly susceptible to most antimicrobials, only one isolate was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. However, many isolates of Enterobacter spp. (> 16%) were resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins with marked cross-resistance to piperacillin (63.1%), piperacillin/tazobactam (44.9%), and aztreonam (76.6%). Gentamicin, tobramycin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, and cefpirome were consistently active against most isolates of Enterobacter spp. including those resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins.

Published
1993
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