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Objective: In our study, we aimed to investigate the differences in metabolic parameters, serum asprosin and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels in a bipolar disorder manic (BD-M) group, a euthymic group and in healthy controls; we also aimed to evaluate the relationship of asprosin and PYY levels with metabolic parameters and psychopathology in patients. Methods: The study included 54 manic patients, 40 euthymic patients and 39 healthy controls. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were recorded, and biochemical parameters and asprosin and PYY levels were measured. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were completed. Results: Body mass index (BMI) showed significant differences between the three groups (p < 0.001); the lowest was found in the control group and the highest in the euthymic group. Triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the euthymic group compared with the BD-M group and controls (p = 0.003). Glucose levels were significantly higher in the BD-M group compared with euthymic (pmanic-euthymic = 0.008) and controls (pmanic-control < 0.001). Asprosin (pmanic-control < 0.001, peuthymic-control = 0.046, pmanic-euthymic = 0.015) and PYY (pmanic-control < 0.001, peuthymic-control = 0.037, pmanic-euthymic = 0.002) levels were significantly different between the three groups, with the lowest levels in the BD-M group and the highest levels in the control group. The eta squared = 0.18 for asprosin and 0.21 for PYY. In the BD-M group, a moderate negative correlation was found between YMRS and asprosin (r = −0.345; p = 0.011) and PYY (r = −0.376; p = 0.005) levels. ROC analysis results showed that asprosin and PYY could be used to predict the manic period in BD-I (AUCasprosin:0.775; AUCPYY:0.760). After adjusting for asprosin as a covariate using ANCOVA, the difference in PYY between groups remained significant (manic–euthymic groups, p = 0.040; manic–control groups, p = 0.013). Conclusions: The study results revealed that asprosin and PYY levels were low, and metabolic parameters were impaired in the patients. Low asprosin and PYY levels may be indicators of impaired energy homeostasis in BD-I. PYY may be a state marker for manic episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and IL-6 levels, along with other inflammatory markers, in type-1 bipolar disorder (BD) patients and explore their relationship with clinical features, metabolic parameters, and symptom severity. Background: The study included 38 manic, 35 euthymic BD patients, and 40 healthy controls. Sociodemographic data, such as age, gender, alcohol and smoking habits, and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. Methods: The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were administered to patients. Biochemical measurements included Gal-3, IL-6, CRP, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet counts, and inflammatory indices like NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI. Results: Gal-3 levels significantly differed among the groups (F = 52.251, p < 0.001), with the highest levels in euthymic patients. IL-6 levels were elevated in both manic and euthymic patients compared to controls (F = 7.379, p = 0.001). Manic patients had significantly higher levels of neutrophils, monocytes, CRP, NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI. A positive correlation was found between Gal-3 levels, the total number of episodes, and YMRS scores in manic patients. In euthymic patients, Gal-3 levels correlated positively with disease duration and episode count. Conclusions: Elevated Gal-3 levels, particularly in the euthymic phase, may serve as a biomarker for BD and indicate ongoing inflammation. These findings suggest Gal-3 could help identify BD and differentiate the euthymic phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate, both comparatively and longitudinally, the effects of receiving services from community mental health centers on the stigma levels of patients and relatives and the burden of care for patients with severe mental illness. Methods: The study was planned to be conducted on patients with severe mental illness [schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and bipolar disorder (BD)] and their relatives, followed by the community mental health center (CMHC group) and the outpatient clinic (outpatient group). It was planned to provide psychoeducation to relatives once a month for 2 h; meetings with the case manager at least once every 2 weeks; and psychosocial interventions (social inclusion, daily life activities studies, etc.) and psychoeducation for 2 h once a week for the patients. The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) was applied to the patients; the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) and the Self-Stigma Inventory for Families (SSI-F) were applied to the relatives at the beginning of the study, at the 6th and 12th month. Results: The study was completed with 53 patients from the CMHC group (number of patients with SSDs = 39, number of patients with BD = 14) and 60 patients from the outpatient group (number of patients with SSDs = 45, number of patients with BD = 15). In the CMHC group, in patients with SSD, there was a statistically significant decrease in ISMI (p < 0.001), ZCBS (p < 0.001), and SSI-F (p < 0.001) scores at the end of the 12th month. In the outpatient group, in patients with SSD, there was no statistically significant decrease in ISMI (p = 0.948), ZCBS (p = 1.000), and SSI-F (p = 1.000) scores at the end of the 12th month. In the CMHC group, in patients with BD, there was a statistically significant decrease in ISMI (p = 0.002), ZCBS (p < 0.001), and SSI-F (p < 0.001) scores at the end of the 12th month. In the outpatient group, in patients with BD, there was no statistically significant decrease in ISMI (p = 0.645), ZCBS (p = 0.166), and SSI-F (p = 0.142) scores at the end of the 12th month. Discussion: The results of our study suggest that multidimensional assessments of patients and their families, efforts to promote social participation, support for self-management in daily life, and psychoeducation may be helpful in reducing stigma and burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When talking about recovery for schizophrenia patients, the absence of symptoms is satisfied and the concept of happiness is generally ignored. In our study, we aimed to compare the happiness levels of patients with schizophrenia who were followed up by the community mental health center (CMHC) and had case managers, and those with schizophrenia in remission who were followed only by the outpatient clinic and at the same time we compare the expression of emotion, which is thought to affect this happiness, the level of support perceived by the patient and the quality of life. Patients with schizophrenia who had regular CMHC follow-up for at least 1 year and had a case manager (CM) (n:100) and were in remission for at least 3 months (n:100) who were followed up in the outpatient clinic were included in the study. Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), Perceived Available Support Scale (PASS), Quality of Life Scale (QLS), Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEES) were applied to both groups. SHS, PASS, LEES, QLS scores were statistically significantly different in the group with CM. A negative correlation was found between the subscales showing the Level of Expression of Emotion and SHS scores. A positive correlation was found between QLS and PASS scores and SHS scores. In the case of VY, it was determined that PASS scores had a mediating effect on SHS scores, but QLS scores did not have a mediating effect. It was determined that the levels of intrusiveness, emotional response and tolerance/expectation, which are subscales of LEES, had a mediating effect on SHS scores, but the levels of attitude towards illness did not have a mediating effect. For people with schizophrenia, happiness is an often overlooked concept when talking about recovery. In our study, we evaluated the effect of case management within the scope of CMHC service and found that it had a positive effect on the happiness of patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to investigate the difference of transition from oral to long-acting antipsychotic treatments on caregiver burden of patients with schizophrenia. Other factors that may be related to the burden were also discussed. Caregivers (n:138) of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia for at least one year and who received oral paliperidone or aripiprazole were included in the study. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) and The Clinical Global Impression-Disease Severity (CGI-S) were administered at baseline and 1 year after switching to long-acting injectables. Demographic characteristics of caregivers and patients were evaluated to determine other factors associated with the burden. Significant decreases were found in the ZCBS and CGI-S scores after transitioning to long-acting injectable antipsychotics. When the groups using paliperidone and aripiprazole were compared; the decrease in ZCBS scores was not significant, the decrease in CGI-S scores was significant. Caregiver burden was positively correlated with patient's age, CGI-S score, time spent in the same house, duration of illness, and the number of hospitalizations. A significant negative correlation was found among the caregiver’s age, educational level and income. In conclusion, in the present study the importance of switching to long-acting injectable antipsychotics, which is a modifiable factor, to reduce caregiver burden was emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the service style of Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC) and anxiety levels in patients with schizophrenia in the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia in remission between the ages of 22-68, who regularly attended the Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital TRSM, were included in the study. A form was used to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients. The Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which were applied to the patients before the pandemic, were administered for the second time during the period when the post-pandemic interviews were minimized, and administered for the third time, when regular face-to-face meetings resumed. Results: The highest STAI scores were found in the second interview and the lowest in the first interview. The scores in all 3 interviews are statistically significantly different from each other. Although the CGI values seem to be statistically significantly different from each other in all 3 interviews; this difference was not found statistically significant in post-hoc analysis. Conclusion: The results we have obtained from our study show that the Covid-19 pandemic may have negative effects on the psychological state of schizophrenia patients, and community mental health services can contribute to reducing this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate, both comparatively and longitudinally, the effects of receiving services from community mental health centers on the stigma levels of patients and relatives and the burden of care for patients with severe mental illness., Methods: The study was planned to be conducted on patients with severe mental illness [schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and bipolar disorder (BD)] and their relatives, followed by the community mental health center (CMHC group) and the outpatient clinic (outpatient group). It was planned to provide psychoeducation to relatives once a month for 2 h; meetings with the case manager at least once every 2 weeks; and psychosocial interventions (social inclusion, daily life activities studies, etc.) and psychoeducation for 2 h once a week for the patients. The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) was applied to the patients; the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) and the Self-Stigma Inventory for Families (SSI-F) were applied to the relatives at the beginning of the study, at the 6th and 12th month., Results: The study was completed with 53 patients from the CMHC group (number of patients with SSDs = 39, number of patients with BD = 14) and 60 patients from the outpatient group (number of patients with SSDs = 45, number of patients with BD = 15). In the CMHC group, in patients with SSD, there was a statistically significant decrease in ISMI ( p < 0.001), ZCBS ( p < 0.001), and SSI-F ( p < 0.001) scores at the end of the 12th month. In the outpatient group, in patients with SSD, there was no statistically significant decrease in ISMI ( p = 0.948), ZCBS ( p = 1.000), and SSI-F ( p = 1.000) scores at the end of the 12th month. In the CMHC group, in patients with BD, there was a statistically significant decrease in ISMI ( p = 0.002), ZCBS ( p < 0.001), and SSI-F ( p < 0.001) scores at the end of the 12th month. In the outpatient group, in patients with BD, there was no statistically significant decrease in ISMI ( p = 0.645), ZCBS ( p = 0.166), and SSI-F ( p = 0.142) scores at the end of the 12th month., Discussion: The results of our study suggest that multidimensional assessments of patients and their families, efforts to promote social participation, support for self-management in daily life, and psychoeducation may be helpful in reducing stigma and burden., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Tozoğlu and Gürbüzer.)