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This research in the field of information communication Sciences connects the promotion and protection of cultural heritage with the notion of territorial management. From a local development perspective, a region's natural and cultural heritage provides the basis for advancing the economy and tourism. Our thesis focuses on promoting and protecting cultural heritage in rural regions of Southern Tunisia. This research addresses an important problem for many rural Tunisian communities preserving their cultural heritage in the face of marginalization and poverty because of The financial and institutional difficulties needed to support their professional activities. The problems of under development continue as local partners are frequently confronted with disaccord related to responsibility and the actions necessary for promoting cultural heritage. These problems are often due to a lack of communication between communities and local authorities that is essential for promoting cultural heritage in times when identity loss due to globalization is a serious concern. Our research underlines the fundamental aspect of institutional support for mediating dialogue between local actors. It implicates the participation of non-governmental organizations as actors in strengthening and mediating collaborations between local institutions and populations in the process of promoting cultural heritage. Our research action project was developed in order to explore new grounds of investigation and to gain a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities of actors collaborating in the region.; Le concept de « patrimoine culturel » intègre notre champ de recherche en sciences de l’information et de la communication reliant sa mise en valeur et sa protection à la médiation territoriale. Dans une vision de développement local, le patrimoine culturel naturel, matériel et immatériel, constitue un atout économique et touristique. Notre thèse étudie la mise en valeur patrimoine culturel dans les régions et zones rurales du Sud-tunisien. Il s’agit de traiter une problématique traduisant les soucis d’une population locale en termes de sauvegarde de son héritage patrimonial contre les formes de marginalisation et l’oubli. Les familles rurales souhaitent développer leur production locale fondée sur les ressources patrimoniales, les fabrications de produits du terroir et l’artisanat mais rencontrent des difficultés financières et institutionnelles pour soutenir leurs activités locales. Cela est dû à une absence de communication entre la population et les instances publiques pour collaborer autour de la problématique de la valorisation du patrimoine qui devient de plus en plus fragile. Notre thèse est d’avancer un élément central de soutien institutionnel pour médiatiser le dialogue entre les acteurs locaux. Il s’agit d’introduire les organisations non gouvernementales (O.N.G.) comme acteur de médiation pour renforcer des actions de concertation et impliquer encore plus les institutions publiques et la population locale dans la question de la valorisation du patrimoine culturel. Une recherche-action a été mise en œuvre pour explorer un nouveau terrain d’investigation, et comprendre les rôles et les responsabilités des acteurs réunis sur un territoire.

International audience; -In this paper a hierarchical structure for the management of airport ground handling activities is proposed. The main decision making processes in charge of the managerial units composing a proposed ground handling management organization are considered. The global objective is to turn available the ground handling resources so that arriving and departing flight are serviced with as little delay as possible. Two operational situations are considered: a normal one where small delays are coped with when arriving and departing traffic is globally on schedule, and a disrupted situation where arriving or departing traffic suffer very large delays. Summary-In this paper a hierarchical structure for the management of airport ground handling activities is proposed. The main decision making processes in charge of the managerial units composing a proposed ground handling management organization are considered. The global objective is to turn available the ground handling resources so that arriving and departing flight are serviced with as little delay as possible. Two operational situations are considered: a normal one where small delays are coped with when arriving and departing traffic is globally on schedule, and a disrupted situation where arriving or departing traffic suffer very large delays.

International audience; In this communication the ground handling fleet management problem at airports is considered with the aim of improving aircraft service at arrival and departure while the operational cost of the ground service fleets is taken into account. The complexity of the co nsidered problem, as well as, operational considerations lead to propose an on-line decentralized management structure where the criticality of each aircraft demand for service is evaluated using a fuzzy formalism. Then after detailing the proposed collaborative scheme between ground handling fleet managers, airlines and airport authorities, a heuristic approach is proposed to solve each fleet assignment problem. A case study considering a large airport is discussed.

The increase of the world air traffic growth of the last decades has generated a permanent challenge for civil aviation authorities, airlines and airports to supply sufficient capacity to provide a safe transportation service with acceptable quality standards. New traffic management practices, such as A-CDM, based on multi-agent and collaborative decision making concepts have been introduced at airports. However, within the turnaround process of aircraft at airports, ground handling management of aircraft has not been developed specifically in the A-CDM approach, even if it has an important role in the fluidity of aircraft operations at airports. The main objective of this thesis dissertation is to contribute to the organisation of the ground handling management at airports. It consists to provide a structure organize the ground handling management compatible with the A -CDM concept. The proposed structure introduces a ground handling coordinator (GHC) which is considered as an interface for communication between the partners of the A -CDM and the different ground handling managers (GHM). This hierarchical structure allows sharing information with partners in the A -CDM on the one side and on the other side, interacting with ground handling managers (GHM). Decision making processes based on heuristics have been developed at each level of the proposed organization and have been also evaluated in the case of nominal conditions and in the case of the presence of major disruptions.

National audience; On s'intéresse à la gestion des opérations d'escale dans les aéroports qui réalisées par différents prestataires, à l'aide de véhicules propres à chaque type d'opération. Ces différents intervenants doivent se coordonner pour réaliser avec le minimum de retard les opérations d'escale sur chaque avion tout en respectant les contraintes de séquencement entre les opérations et les contraintes de disponibilité de véhicules. Apres avoir analysé les opérations d'escale nous proposons un modèle mathématique pour le problème nominal.

The increase of the world air traffic growth of the last decades has generated a permanent challenge for civil aviation authorities, airlines and airports to supply sufficient capacity to provide a safe transportation service with acceptable quality standards. New traffic management practices, such as A-CDM, based on multi-agent and collaborative decision making concepts have been introduced at airports. However, within the turnaround process of aircraft at airports, ground handling management of aircraft has not been developed specifically in the A-CDM approach, even if it has an important role in the fluidity of aircraft operations at airports. The main objective of this thesis dissertation is to contribute to the organisation of the ground handling management at airports. It consists to provide a structure organize the ground handling management compatible with the A -CDM concept. The proposed structure introduces a ground handling coordinator (GHC) which is considered as an interface for communication between the partners of the A -CDM and the different ground handling managers (GHM). This hierarchical structure allows sharing information with partners in the A -CDM on the one side and on the other side, interacting with ground handling managers (GHM). Decision making processes based on heuristics have been developed at each level of the proposed organization and have been also evaluated in the case of nominal conditions and in the case of the presence of major disruptions., La croissance du trafic aérien a rendu critique l'opération de la gestion des plateformes aéroportuaires. Celle-ci fait appel à de nombreux acteurs (autorités aéroportuaires, compagnies aériennes, contrôle du trafic aérien, prestataires de services, ...). Le concept d'Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) développé depuis une dizaine d'années est basé sur un partage d'informations opérationnelles en temps réel entre les différents acteurs de la plate-forme, permettant de prendre des décisions en commun pour rechercher une utilisation optimale, en toutes conditions, des capacités de l'aéroport. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de contribuer à l'organisation de la gestion des opérations d'escale dans une plateforme aéroportuaire. Il s'agit de proposer une structure d'organisation de cette opération qui soit compatible avec l'approche A-CDM. La structure proposée introduit un coordinateur des opérations d'escale (GHC) qui joue le rôle d'interface de communication entre les partenaires de l'A-CDM et les différents gestionnaires des opérations d'escale (GHM). Cette structure hiérarchique permet d'une part de partager des informations avec les partenaires de l'A-CDM et d'autre part d'interagir avec les gestionnaires des opérations d'escale (GHM). Les processus de prise de décision basés sur des heuristiques ont été développés à chaque niveau de l'organisation proposée et sont évalués aussi bien dans le cas de conditions nominales que dans le cas de la présence de perturbations majeures

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Canadian women with one in nine women expected to develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Until recently these breast tumors were thought to be a homogeneous cell population. Recent studies have shown that breast tumors contain a rare cell type termed breast tumor initiating cells (TICs) or cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the ability to elicit new tumor growth and metastases. These TICs exist apex of a tumor cell hierarchy and give rise to more TICs and non-tumorigenic cells. Traditionally, drugs were developed to target the highly proliferative cells population resulting in a decrease in tumor volume. However, these therapies spare the TICs, which results in tumor relapse demonstrating the need for new drugs that target the TICs. Because in cancer, mutated protein kinases are the controllers of cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, they have become a target for drug development. Inhibition of these kinases could lead to the identification of compounds that selectively target breast TICs. Using mammary tumors from cancer prone mice propagated as non-adherent tumorspheres (TMS), which contain a high fraction of breast TICs and the same conditions to propagate the non-transformed mouse mammary epithelial stem and progenitor cells (MESC), as non-adherent mammospheres (MMS) a 240-kinase inhibitor library was screened using an AlamarBlue proliferation assay. Twenty percent of the compounds resulted in 75% decrease in proliferation of TMS derived cells and some of which were TMS-selective. Sunitinib, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, was one of the selective compounds identified and when administered to mice with subcutaneous mammary tumors resulted in tumor shrinkage. This was accompanied by an increase in apoptotic cells, decrease in proliferating cells and tumor vasculature, and a change in tumor morphology and composition. These findings show the efficacy of Sunitinib in shrinking mouse mammary tumors and suggest a potential use of Sunitinib for treatment of breast cancer. Master of Science (MSc)

National audience; La croissance du trafic aérien mondial entraine des problèmes de capacité tant au niveau des l'espace aérien que des plateformes aéroportuaires, qui se traduisent par de nombreux retards des vols. Les études de capacité aéroportuaire ont pour objectif d'évaluer et de prévoir les performances d'un aéroport, c'est à dire le débit maximal de trafic, exprimé en mouvements d'avions ou en passagers par unité de temps, qu'il est capable de fournir dans des conditions satisfaisantes pour les usagers. Ces études constituent un élément important d'aide à la décision pour la planification de l'infrastructure et des opérations des aéroports. Cependant, si les études examinent souvent précisément les possibilités d'extensions ou de modifications des infrastructures (terminaux, taxiways, pistes, ...), elles s'intéressent plus rarement aux questions d'optimisation de la gestion des ressources existantes. Certains de ces problèmes peuvent pourtant être formulés comme des problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire, proches de problèmes classiquement étudiés en Recherche Opérationnelle.