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The Baoshan district in the southwestern Sanjiang Tethyan domain is an important part of the worldclass Southeast Asian tin (Sn) belt. However, the timing and controlling factors of Sn mineralization are poorly constrained. Here, we conducted laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating of cassiterite and monazite, and cassiterite trace element analysis on the Shiganghe and Tiechang Sn deposits (Baoshan district) to unravel the temporal evolution of the regional Sn mineralization. The U–Pb dating of two cassiterite samples from Shiganghe yielded Tera-Wasserburg lower intercept ages of 75.5 ± 3.9 Ma and 75.9 ± 4.8 Ma. U-Pb dating on cassiterite and the cogenetic monazite from Tiechang yielded 32.8 ± 1.3 Ma and 32.2 ± 1.0 Ma, respectively. These ages confirm both Late Cretaceous and Oligocene Sn mineralization events in the Baoshan district. Geological characteristics, and age and geochemical data of cassiterite indicate that Shiganghe is a quartz-vein-type Sn deposit, genetically related to the Late Cretaceous granite that intruded the Ordovician Zhibenshan pluton. Tiechang resembles distal skarn Sn deposits related to the ~ 32 Ma magmatism along the Chongshan shear zone. Tin mineralization in the Tengchong-Baoshan district occurred mainly from the Late Cretaceous to Oligocene, corresponding to the Neo-Tethyan subduction and the subsequent India–Asia continental collision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold, along with other highly siderophile elements, is hosted by Fe-Ni sulfide phases within peridotites and mantle melts. In this context, the lithospheric mantle emerges as a principal reservoir, providing materials crucial for the inception, augmentation, conveyance, and genesis of auriferous CO2-rich mantle fluids. EPMA and laser ablation ICP-MS data, integrated with petrographic and SEM studies, were used to assess the transfer of base and precious metals into the Earth's crust, discerning between inputs from subduction-related processes and post-formation metasomatism. The study focuses on sulfide minerals in serpentinized peridotites of the Abu Dahr ophiolite in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Originating in a supra-subduction setting during the Neoproterozoic era, the Abu Dahr peridotites underwent serpentinization and contain discrete sulfide minerals, including pentlandite, nickeloan pyrrhotite, millerite, chalcopyrite, and violarite. The uneven distribution of calcite ± magnesite ± serpentine veins throughout the host ophiolitic rocks reflects the intricate interplay of serpentinization and carbonation, as fO2 and fCO2 conditions fluctuated. Geochemical data of the host rocks reveal a progressive geochemical evolution marked by concurrent silicification and carbonate alteration, driven by the interaction of ultramafic rocks with hydrothermal fluids, ultimately leading to the extensive silicification and formation of birbirite. The ICP-MS data show that pentlandite contains up to 6.11 ppm of Au, pyrrhotite up to 0.41 ppm, millerite 0.34 ppm, and violarite 0.12 ppm. The gold concentration in pentlandite is significantly higher than in pyrrhotite, millerite, and violarite, which exhibit lower but detectable levels of Au. Desulfurization reactions of sulfide minerals during progressive serpentinization triggered the release and redistribution of Au as well as base metals and highly siderophile elements. Published thermodynamic modeling at temperatures below 300 °C and pressures of 50 MPa closely replicates the mineral assemblage observed in the Abu Dahr ophiolites, including sulfide assemblages and variations in major elements such as Mg and Fe. This suggests that the serpentinization process, along with associated hydrothermal fluids, played a crucial role in the mobilization and redistribution of gold, particularly affecting its incorporation into secondary sulfides. The mobilization of Au and other highly siderophile elements during serpentinization occurred in an environment marked by strong oxidation, as indicated by the presence of acicular antigorite, magnetite, millerite, and goethite intergrowths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of studies of the gross content of trace elements (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, V, Cr, Ba, F) and pH values in brown earth soils of different altitude zones (from the subalpine to the low mountain zone) of the southern and northern slopes of the Velyka Blyznytsia mountain of the Svydovetsky massif are presented. (soil-forming rocks are flysch) of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (KBR). Analyzes were carried out using the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) and atomic emission analysis. Based on the results of statistical processing of the trace element composition of soils, background content was established, pH values, correlations and concentration coefficients were determined. It was found that the pH value of soils increases from the subalpine to the low mountain zone (from 3.1 to 4.5). It was determined that the content of trace elements is higher (by 1.2-2 times) in the soils of the southern slope (the northern slope is steeper than the southern one and the air temperature is 2-3 °C lower). It was established that in the subalpine belt of the southern slope, the impoverishment of mountain-meadow soil undermossy vegetation occurs in microelements — Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, V, Ba, which is explained by the increase in acidity and mobility of metals, the exception being Cr, which is in insoluble state and accumulates in soils. It was determined that Zn, Co, Mn, V and partly Cu accumulate in peat soils under the Siberian juniper on the northern slope of the mid-mountain belt, which is explained by the formation of complex compounds with organicmatter. A general trend of Cu and F accumulation in soils under coniferous plants (Siberian juniper, fir-spruce forests) was revealed. The annual entry into the soil of element-enriched precipitation of pinnate plants creates the effect of the so-called "secondary pollution" of the upper soil horizons. It was found that F is inert to organicmatter. The correlation dependence of F-Cu (presence of pine trees) in the soils of the southern slope and F-Ba-Pb (clay component) in the soils of the northern slope was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bipindi iron ore district is located in the central section of the Nyong Complex at the northwestern margin of the Congo Craton in Southwest Cameroon. This iron district contains numerous iron mineralization hosted by the Mewongo, Bibole, Kouambo, and Zambi banded iron formations (BIFs). These BIFs contain magnetite as the main iron ore mineral associated with pyrite, and gangue minerals are quartz with minor chlorite and amphibole. The origin of iron ore from these BIFs was investigated using a combination of in-situ magnetite and whole-rock chemistry. The studied BIF ore samples have a narrow range of TFe between 30.90 wt.% and 43.20 wt.%, indicating a low-grade ore. The geochemical signatures of magnetite such as low contents of base metals (e.g., Cu, Co, V, and Zn) and low Co/Zn ratios < 0.85 indicate a hydrothermal origin. Combined with the geochemical features of these BIFs, e. g., high Fe/Ti and Fe/Al ratios (mean > 600 and > 75, respectively), we suggest that magnetite was derived from a mixture of seawater and ∼0.1% low-temperature hydrothermal fluids in an oxidizing environment. Collectively, low-temperature hydrothermal and later metamorphic fluids were necessary for the transformation of the protolith Nyong Complex BIFs to iron ore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study is caused by the study and involvement of quartz-vein formations of various genetic types in the technological redistribution. Purpose: to determine the content of impurity elements in quartz of different genetic types and the degree of its suitability for obtaining high-purity quartz concentrates. Objects: quartz-vein objects of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic type (Berkutinskaya vein, Bolotnaya vein) and hydrothermal-metamorphogenic type (Peschanoe occurrence, Tolstikha vein, Novotroitskoe deposit). Methods: LA-ICP-MS spectroscopy of impurity elements, microscopic studies of quartz, estimation of P-T parameters of mineral formation. Results. It was found that veins of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic type are composed of multi-grained granular transparent, translucent, icy, sugar-like quartz, while quartz-vein objects of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic type are veins of execution and consist mainly of milky-white quartz. Quartz-vein formations of two genetic types differ in geological localization conditions, mineral formation temperatures, granulometric characteristics, the presence and location of mineral and fluid inclusions, as well as the content of the main petrogenetically informative elements-impurities (Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn). It is shown that hydrothermal-metamorphogenic quartz is characterized by lower (288–410 °C) formation temperatures compared to hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic quartz (415–519 °C), at close pressure values (2–4 kbar) and higher content of impurity elements (up to 535 g/t). The purity of quartz grains of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic genesis is associated with repeated exposure to the processes of metamorphism and metasomatosis, in which mineral and fluid inclusions were displaced from quartz grains into the intergranular space. The minimum values of the element content according to LA-ICP-MS spectroscopy are close to the values for the content of elements in the structural form and do not exceed 5–12 g/t for all types of quartz, with the exception of milky-white quartz of Peschanoe occurrence (up to 25 g/t). The minimum values for the content of elements-impurities in quartz show the limit of its enrichment and allow using a multi-stage enrichment system to obtain quartz concentrates of high purity.

Megacrystic zircons have recently been found in alluvial deposits in the Huadian area of northeastern China. However, studies have rarely been conducted on these zircons. In this article, we present systematic in situ trace element, U-Pb age and Hf isotope data regarding these Huadian zircons, with the aim of investigating their source characteristics and provenance. The studied zircons, with a diameter of 0.7–1.2 cm, are dominantly irregular in shape and have a rounded termination, with a color ranging from near-colorless to reddish brown to maroon. The zircons show oscillatory zoning in CL images, with a Th/U value of 0.18–1.27, which is consistent with the typical features of magmatic zircons. The positive εHf(t) value of Huadian zircons (4.8–9.2) further indicates the presence of precipitation from the mantle-derived melt, with limited contamination of the crustal components. The obtained weighted mean 206Pb/238U age for these zircons is 17.9 ± 0.12 Ma, which is slightly older than the eruptional ages of the associated alkali basalts (from 17.6 ± 1.09 Ma to 17.8 ± 0.69 Ma), implying a short residence time in the mantle before entrainment. Huadian zircons incorporate a wide range of trace elements, including ΣREE (117–2790 ppm), Hf (4902–11856 ppm) and Y (145–3645 ppm) contents, generating mixed-source protolith assignments. As is suggested by the moderate variations seen in the Hf isotopes, we propose that the source melts of Huadian zircons are complex in nature, which is likely the result of the chemical heterogeneity of the upper mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trace element composition of bitumoids extracted from Archean crystalline basement rocks uncovered by the 20009-Novolkhovskaya borehole was studied. It was established that the rocks of the Bolshechermshanskaya series are characterized by a higher content of hydrocarbons in comparison with those of the Otradnenskaya series. The trace element composition was examined separately in chloroform and alcohol-benzene extracts. The rocks of the Bolshechermshanskaya series contain organic matter in higher amounts. Bitumoids extracted from the rocks of the Otradnenskaya series are characterized by higher concentrations of trace elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Dulong skarn-type deposit developed two stages of Sn mineralization. • Detailed fluid study suggest mixing is the main mechanism for Sn mineralization. • Difference of trace elements in two stages of cassiterite also imply a mixing trend. Dulong Sn polymetallic deposit is a world-class skarn tin deposit situated at the Youjiang basin with a reserve of 0.4 Mt Sn at 0.56 %, 5.0 Mt Zn at 5.12 %, together with 7 kt In. The deposit predominantly occurs within the Neoproterozoic Xinzhaiyan Formation and is controlled by NS-trending faults. Based on elaborate field and petrographic observations, the Dulong Sn polymetallic deposit was divided into four mineralization stages: stage 1 (prograde stage), stage 2 (retrograde stage), stage 3 (quartz-sulfide stage) and stage 4 (carbonate stage). Tin mineralization primarily occurs as cassiterite during stage 2, with additional cassiterite-stannite formation noted in stage 3. Analysis of fluid inclusions across these stages reveals the evolutionary history of the mineralizing fluids and the precipitation mechanisms at Dulong. During stage 1, diopside hosts both daughter-bearing multiphase inclusions and vapor-rich inclusions. The daughter-bearing multiphase inclusions exhibit homogenization temperatures ranging from 510 to 574 °C and salinities between 44.7 and 49.6 wt% NaCl equiv., whereas the vapor-rich inclusions display homogenization temperatures of 573–586 °C and salinities from 2.9 to 4.0 wt% NaCl equiv., indicating a boiling fluid process. Cassiterite (stage 2) features primarily liquid-rich two-phase inclusions, with homogenization temperatures of 351–410 °C and salinities of 6.3–9.6 wt% NaCl equiv. These inclusions document the mixing of magmatic fluid with meteoric water, which is likely the principal mechanism driving initial tin mineralization. Similarly, the same type of inclusions is also recorded in cassiterite of stage 3. The homogenization temperature of the inclusions in cassiterite is 290–334 °C and the salinities of the inclusions is 3.4–8.4 wt% NaCl equiv. Comparatively, the temperature continued to decrease in stage 3, indicating that fluid mixing may have persisted during this stage which could also explain the occurrence of cassiterite and stannite in this stage. In addition, redox reaction where CO 2 and/or As (III) serve as oxidants may also be another mechanism to exact cassiterite from ore-forming fluid. Our Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data suggests that cassiterite of the Dulong deposit involves a variety of complex substitutional mechanism. Due to the differing geochemical properties of the elements and variations in their concentrations, there is an indication that two phases distinct mineralizing fluids may have been present. The varying geochemical properties and concentrations of elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Fe, In, and Ga align with microthermometric results, indicating a reduction in magmatic hydrothermal fluid contribution and/or a transition from high to low temperatures in the hydrothermal system. This variation is also likely attributable to fluid mixing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study is caused by the need to obtain consistent information about the possibility of using carbonaceous sedimentary rocks of shungite for drinking water purification. Currently, shungite is used in many industries, their effectiveness has been proven in the treatment of wastewater from organic and oil products. Using the high adsorption capacity of shungite, a number of authors, without good reason, recommend using shungite for purification of water for domestic and drinking use. Purpose: to study the microelement composition of shungite, to assess the possibility of introducing microelements harmful to humans into an aqueous solution of shungite. Objects: samples of shungite from the Paleoproterozoic successions of the Onegian paleobasin, Karelia. Methods: scanning electron microscopy, chemical analysis, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results. The macro- and microelement composition of shungites of the Paleoproterozoic of the Onegian paleobasin (Karelia) has been studied. The sulfides and accessory minerals of shungite contain trace elements of various dimensions that are harmful to humans. Their mineral composition mainly consists of quartz (25–65 %), sericite, chlorite, pyrite, carbonate. The organic carbon content varies from 21 to 45 %. Pyrite is present both in the form of nodules and in micro-veins. In addition to pyrite sulphides of zinc, cobaltite, lead oxides are observed. Macroelements (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K) found in the chemical composition of shungites are mainly part of rock-forming minerals. In addition to macroelements, shungites contain a significant number of trace elements associated with accessory minerals and sulfides of various dimensions. These are S, As, V, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ge, B, Sr, Li, Pb, rare earth elements. In the shungites of the Zazhogino Deposit, the chromium content varies from 96 to 151 ppm, the nickel content varies from 102 to 259 ppm. In carbon rich rocks of the Maksovo Deposit chromium is present in the amount of 103–144 ppm, nickel concentrations are determined in the range of 47–196 ppm. For the Shunga Deposit, these values are as follows: Cr is present in an amount of 74–137 ppm, Ni content varies from 86 to 275 ppm. The sulfides and accessory minerals of shungite contain trace elements of various dimensions that are harmful to humans. Having a high sorption capacity, shungite can absorb harmful components from water. At the same time, the reverse process also occurs – the extraction of impurity elements harmful to humans from shungite. The currently existing methods for purifying shungites do not allow them to be purified from micro impurities, therefore, the question of using shungites for treatment of drinking water supply remains open.

The Tonggou deposit is a porphyry Cu and vein-type Cu-Zn mineralization system located in the Bogda Orogenic Belt, north of Eastern Tianshan. Systematic fluid inclusion analyses were performed on granular quartz from the magnetite–quartz stage and pyrite–chalcopyrite–quartz stage from the porphyry Cu mineralization. During the early stage of porphyry Cu mineralization, the ore-forming fluids were at high temperatures (450–501 °C) and high salinity (51.2–55.2 wt.% NaCl equiv.) H2O-NaCl hydrothermal fluids with fluid boiling. These fluids evolved to high temperature (412–450 °C) and intermediate to low salinity (8.3–14.2 wt.% NaCl equiv.) H2O-NaCl hydrothermal fluids during the pyrite–chalcopyrite–quartz stage. In addition, magnetite from the Tonggou deposit was studied as a marker for the ore-forming process evolution of porphyry and vein-type mineralization. Sampled magnetite can be divided into MagI (allotriomorphic magnetite from altered granodiorite), MagII (magnetite from altered granodiorite found in veinlets or as granular aggregates), MagIII (from the magnetite–quartz stage of porphyry mineralization), and MagIV (from the polymetallic sulfide–epidote–quartz stage of vein-type mineralization). Magnetite LA-ICP-MS data indicate a hydrothermal origin. The contents of Ti, Si, Al, and Ta are controlled by temperature, and these elements gradually decrease from MagI to MagIV. Moreover, fO2 has considerable influence on the substitution of Sn, V, and Mn in magnetite, and the contents of these elements generally decrease from MagI to MagIII—increasing only in MagIV. Indeed, high fO2 in the polymetallic sulfide–epidote–quartz stage (MagIV) of vein-type mineralization is shown by the presence of a replacement texture in ilmenite grains within hydrothermal magnetite. On the other hand, magnetite samples from the Tonggou deposit have relatively low Ti + V contents compared to other porphyry Cu deposits—plotting in the skarn field of the (Ti + V) vs. (Ca + Al + Mn) diagram—and shows negative correlations in the (Ti + V) vs. Sn diagram. These data indicate that the porphyry Cu mineralization at Tonggou formed at relatively lower fO2 conditions than the Tonggou vein-type mineralization and other typical porphyry Cu deposits. Finally, porphyry and vein-type mineralization at Tonggou are both sourced from the porphyry system, as a result of ore-forming fluid transfer to a different location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the researchis defined by the need of accounting the fullest information on chemical composition of underground waters by their preparation for economic and drinking use. Earlier there were the data for the basin of Upper Obmainly on macrocomponent structure, permanganate oxidizability, biogenic elements and content of limited quantity of minerals. This didnot allow estimating the objective potential impact of regional factors with the toxicological and sanitary and toxicological limiting signs of influence. The main aimof the research consists in assessment of microelement composition of underground waters of the operated horizons of the top hydrogeodynamic zone in the basin of Upper Ob (in the territory of the Altai-Sayansk hydrogeological folded region and areas of the West Siberian artesian basin adjoining it). Objects:the underground waters used for drinking water supply in the basin of Upper Ob (the territory of Altai Republic, Altai Krai, the Novosibirsk, Kemerovo and Tomsk regions). Methods:the modern methods of definition of chemical composition of underground waters, including: in 2019 – mass and spectrometer method with inductively bound plasma (ICP MS); in 1998 – neutron activation analysis; statistical methods. Results.The authors have carried out the analysis of chemical composition of the underground waters used for economic and drinking water supply in the basin of Upper Ob. The received results allow expanding significantly the idea of microelement composition of underground waters of the considered territory. It is shown that the level of content of the majority of the studied minerals is less than standards of quality established in the Russian Federation. However the index of the additive influence (the sum of the relations of the actual and maximum-permissible concentration of substances of 1–2 hazard classes of SC1-2/MPC) is frequently more than a unit that indicates potential toxic impact on health when using underground waters without the corresponding water treatment. The highest SC1-2/MPCvalues (more than 5) are noted for underground waters in Altai Krai and Altai Republic, in the villages of Habazino, Onguday and Talmenka (reservoirs of inflows of Ob – the rivers Aley, Katun and Chumysh, respectively). Taking into account the established ore occurrences and the nature of concentrating of paragenetic associations of chemical elements in underground waters of the region, the authors made the assumption of substantial contribution of natural factors in formation of observed level of maintenance of many minerals.

The relevance of the research consists in the necessity to obtain reliable information on microelemental composition of aqueous extracts of diatomite and lydite. Currently, diatomites are expected to be widely used in medical, pharmaceutical and food industries, but a detailed study of their composition has not been conducted. The main aim of the research is to investigate the trace element composition of aqueous extracts of several samples of diatomite and lydite using ICP MS analytic method. The objects: three samples of diatomite and two samples of lydite from Karelia (North-West of Russia). Methods: grinding samples of diatomite and lydite infused with deionized water at room conditions. Assays of aqueous extracts of the studied samples were centrifuged and analyzed by ICP MS after 1, 3 and 10 days. Results. The authors present the results of 54 chemical elements identification in water extracts of diatomite and lydite using ICP MS. In all water extracts Mg, Na, Ca, K and Al (up to several thousand µg/l) are the predominant elements. Extracts of diatomite samples have a more homogeneous composition. The most important elements were: P – 650, Fe – 1700 (sample no. 1) and Mn – up to 3300 (sample no. 3) µg/L. Concentrations in the range from 10 to 100 µg / l are typical for a number of elements (Li, B, Ti, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr and Ba) of all diatomite samples. Extracts of diatomite samples no. 1 and 2 had a maximum concentration of light REE: Nd (up to 247 µg/l), Ce (up to 230 µg/l), La (up to 156 µg/l). Chemical composition of extracts of lydite was differed markedly, both among themselves and from diatomites. Acidic medium (pH 4,5–4,6) of an aqueous extract of the sample lydite no. 4 contributed to accumulation of a number of elements Sr, Mn, U and, especially, Be, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Ba, Tl. At the same time, maximum concentrations of V, Mo, W, Zr, Hf were observed in the extract of sample no. 5 under slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7,4–7,5). We noted an excess of permissible limits of fishery water bodies for Al and Mn in all samples. The excess of the «normal» maximum permissible concentrations have also shown the transition elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) in extracts of diatomite and sample lydite no. 4, as well as V and Mo in the sample lydite no. 5. The study of aqueous extracts of diatomite and lydites showed that diatomite and lydites under certain conditions can have a significant impact on composition of low-mineralized waters in the territory of Karelia. At the same time, the presence of useful elements for the plant growth (Mg, Ca, K, Cu, Zn, V, Mn, Sr, Y, Zr) gives the possibility of their use as a «soft» fertilizers (or additives to mineral fertilizers).

Monazite (Vermilion) from the ∼2.7 Ga Vermilion Granitic Complex (Minnesota, USA) was investigated as a potential reference material for U-Pb geochronology, using electron microprobe, high-precision ID-TIMS and high-spatial resolution techniques (LA-(Q/SF/MC)-ICP-MS and SHRIMP). Vermilion monazite is relatively homogeneous in BSE images. It is characterised as a monazite-(Ce) with uniform, relatively LREE-enriched chondrite-normalised REE patterns (Eu/Eu* = 0.074–0.085). ID-TIMS U-Pb analyses yielded concordant to slightly (−0.6% to 1.8%) discordant isotope data with weighted mean 207Pb*/206Pb* dates of 2668.6 ± 1.8 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.3, n = 3) and 2666.8 ± 1.8 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 4.0, n = 4). High-spatial resolution data from SHRIMP and LA-(Q/SF/MC)-ICP-MS agree with the ID-TIMS age. Using Vermilion monazite as primary reference material, LA-SF-ICP-MS analyses reproduced the age of several other reference monazites within −1.13% to +1.64% accuracy. Nd isotopes obtained via ID-TIMS and solution MC-ICP-MS returned consistent 143Nd/144Nd ratios of 0.510694 ± 0.000040 (2σ) and 0.510726 ± 0.000014 (2σ), respectively. The LA-MC-ICP-MS 143Nd/144Nd ratios of 0.51071 ± 0.00001 (2σ) and 0.51065 ± 0.00001 (2σ) are also in agreement within uncertainties. Results of Sm-Nd isotope analyses by LA-MC-ICP-MS from two laboratories yielded mean 147Sm/144Nd ratios of 0.0869 ± 0.0002 (2.5% RSD, 2σ, n = 58) and 0.0835 ± 0.0001 (2.2% RSD, 2σ, n = 50), reflecting small variations in individual fragments. The initial epsilon Nd (εNdi) varies from −0.8 ± 0.5 to 0.6 ± 0.4 (2σ). The reproducibility of our results shows that Vermilion monazite can be used as a primary reference material for U-Pb geochronology and is suitable as a secondary reference material for Sm-Nd isotopic tracing. The Archean age of Vermilion monazite, the oldest available as a reference material, will facilitate the investigation of Archean crustal evolution processes and broaden the prospect of studying ancient metamorphic events by combining matrix-matched U-Pb geochronology and Sm-Nd isotopic tracing. • -Vermilion monazite is investigated as a reference material (RM) for U-Pb dating, Sm-Nd isotopes and chemical compositions. • --Vermilion is suitable as primary RM for U-Pb geochronology and as secondary RM for Sm-Nd studies. • SHRIMP data and LA-(Q/SF/MC)-ICP-MS results are consistent with the high precision ID-TIMS weighted mean 207Pb*/206Pb* dates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaline volcanic rocks from explosive monogenetic centers often carry an unusual cargo of crystals and rock fragments, which may provide valuable constraints on magma source, ascent and eruption. One of such examples is the Cenozoic Calatrava Volcanic Field in central Spain, a still poorly explored area to address these issues. Clinopyroxene, amphibole and phlogopite appear either as megacryst/phenocrysts or forming fine-grained cumulates (pyroxenite enclaves s.l.) in some eruptive centers of this volcanic field. They have previously been interpreted as cogenetic high-P minerals formed within the upper lithospheric mantle. The presence of Fe-Na-rich green and Mg-Cr-rich colorless clinopyroxene types as phenocryst cores or as oscillatory zoned crystals in pyroxenite enclaves points to a complex evolution of mineral fractionates from petrogenetically related magmas. In trace element chemistry all studied clinopyroxene types show parallel rare earth element patterns irrespective of whether they are megacrysts, colorless or green core phenocrysts, or zoned crystals within pyroxenite cumulates. This similarity indicates a genetic relationship between all the fractionated minerals. This is in agreement with the overlapping of initial 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of pyroxenite enclaves (0.512793–0.512885 and 0.703268–0.703778) that is within the chemical field of the host magmas and the Calatrava volcanics. The initial 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of megacrystic clinopyroxene, amphibole and phlogopite show a more restricted range (0.512832–0.512890 and 0.703217–0.703466), also falling within the isotopic composition of the Calatrava volcanic rocks. Deep magmatic systems beneath monogenetic volcanic fields involve several stages of melt accumulation, fractionation and contamination at variable depths. Trace element and isotope mineral chemistry are powerful tools to understand the history of ascent and stagnation of alkaline basaltic magmas and discriminate between magma mixing, wall-rock contamination and closed magmatic system evolution. In our study, we establish a cogenetic origin for green and colorless clinopyroxene as high-pressure precipitates from liquids of different fractionation degrees (up to 80%, for the highly evolved melts equilibrated with the green clinopyroxene), originated from a highly solidified front of silica-undersaturated alkaline magmas at mantle reservoirs.

Chemical substances, which accumulate selectively by plants, can influence at their pharmacological action: to increase or decrease their absorption, resorptive properties; be synergists or antagonists, as well as to reduce or enhance the toxic effect. Potentilla erecta used in traditional herbal medicine system in many countries due to high therapeutic value. The concentrations of secondary metabolites in the plant raw materials are well understood. However, the data on concentration of trace and major elemental composition of it raw material remains extremely insufficient. The aim of our study was to examine the elemental compound of P. erecta rhizomes. The object of study was the rhizomes of P. erecta from a various natural zones of Ukraine (Carpathians, Polesie). Raw material was analyzed by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Twenty nine elements were identified in studied samples. It was established that the level of concentration decreases in this sequence: Ca > S > Mg > K > Sn > I > P > Ba > Al > Zn > Mn > Fe > Sr > Si > Ag > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > V > Se > Ti > Cd > Ge > Na > Mo > Co > As > Bi. Ca, S and Mg are present in high concentrations in both analyzed samples of P. erecta. K, Sn, I, P, Ba and Al were identified in quantities of more than 100 mg/kg. Other elements found in small quantities. The content of some metals was significantly different in the analyzed samples. The main reason is, probably, the difference between the ecological conditions of plants habitats. The experimental data can be used for prognosing and planning pharmacological research of P. erecta and development of quality control methods for plant material of this medicinal plant.

The Yamansu iron deposit is hosted in submarine volcanic rocks in the Aqishan–Yamansu belt of Eastern Tianshan, NW China. A geological cross-section for the Carboniferous strata in the ore district shows that ore bodies in the Yamansu deposit are hosted in andesitic crystal tuff of the third cycle of the Carboniferous Yamansu Formation. This indicates an association between mineralization and volcanism. The orebodies are strata bound and lensoid and generally share the occurrence state of the host rocks. Magnetite mineralization mainly occurs asbreccia ores, ores in the mineralized volcanic rocks, massive ores, and sulfide-rich ores according to their structures and sequences of formation. Trace element compositions of magnetite from various types of ores were determined by LA-ICP-MS. The dataset indicates thatdifferent types of magnetite havedistinct trace element contents correlated to their formation environments. Magnetite crystals from breccia ores have high Ti, Ni, V, Cr, and Co and low Si, Al, Ca, and Mg contents, indicating crystallization from a volcanic magmatic eruption, which is consistent with field evidence of coexisting altered volcanic breccia. Magnetite crystals from ores in the mineralized volcanic rocks have moderate Ti, Ni, V, Cr, and Co contents. In contrast, magnetite from massive ores and sulfide-rich ores have low concentrations of Ti, Cr, Ni, and V, high concentrations of Si, Al, Ca, and Mg, and evidence of hydrothermal magnetite. In-situ magnetite compositions imply a magmatic-hydrothermal process. Although δ18O values for magnetite grains fromYamansu vary (+ 1.3 to + 7.0‰), they all plot in the range field of volcanic iron deposits, and they also record a magmatic-hydrothermal process. The compositions of Yamansu magnetites are interpreted as controlled mainly by temperature, fluid, host rock buffering, oxygen fugacity, and sulfur fugacity. The metallogenic conditions of the Yamansu deposit changed from high temperature and low oxygen fugacity to low temperature and high oxygen fugacity. However, more fluid-rock reactions and higher sulfur fugacity were involved during the deposition of massive ores and sulfide-rich ores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geochemistry of biotite crystals from thirty fertile and barren Silurian–Devonian granitoids of New Brunswick, Canada, was studied in situ using electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to investigate the suitability of biotite geochemistry as a diagnostic fertility index among these intrusions. The Fe2+/(Fe2+ + Mg2+) ratio of biotite varies as a function of intrusion metal affinity, increasing from Cu–Mo-related (mean of 0.56 ± 0.12), to Mo-related (mean of 0.69 ± 0.06) to Sn–W-related (mean of 0.77 ± 0.16), with barren granitoids lying between Cu–Mo and Mo types (mean of 0.66 ± 0.06). The results show a distinctive geochemical contrast between mineralized and barren samples. Compatible elements (Ti, Mg, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Ba, and Sr) decrease from barren to Cu–Mo, Mo, and Sn–W granitoids, whereas incompatible elements (Mn, Zn, Sn, W, Rb, Cs, and Li) show the opposite trend. These two trends might indicate higher degree of fractionation indicated by biotite chemistry in Sn–W-related granites. Furthermore, barren intrusions have the lowest water content (1–3 wt.% H2O), whereas Sn–W and Cu–Mo-related intrusions have between 3 and 6 wt.% H2O. Mo-bearing intrusions have a limited range of H2O contents (4–4.5 wt.%). A high degree of halogen enrichment related to degree of fractional crystallization results in enrichment of incompatible elements in the magmas associated with Sn–W mineralization and is reflected by the geochemical characteristics of biotite from these systems. New metallogenic classifications are introduced using ternary V–Na–Li (ppm) and Sn + W (ppm) versus Ga (ppm) to differentiate barren and mineralized granitic systems in New Brunswick. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abuse of illicit heroin is an endless threat to society and law enforcement. Beyond the routine procedure of detecting heroin in forensic laboratories, analytical information on the trace elemental profile of seized samples could aid investigations into establishing sample-to-sample linkages for forensic intelligence. This study is aimed at highlighting the grouping of seized illicit heroin samples based on their elemental profiles. A total of 155 seized heroin samples were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and subsequently subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Among the 24 target elements measured, Ca, Na, Se, Zn, Al, Mn, Cd and Ba were the major impurities identified, while the remaining elements were present at trace levels. Decomposition of the elemental data by PCA generated two major clusters in a score plot, suggesting the possibility of clustering the various samples into two distinct groups. The ICP-MS technique was found to be sufficiently adequate to detect and quantify the 24 selected elements contained in illicit heroin samples. The histories of two distinct groups of elemental contamination may enable the establishment of a linkage among seized illicit heroin samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Neoproterozoic, post-collisional, Graciosa Province (southern Brazil) comprises several A-type intrusions and related volcanics of alkaline and subalkaline (or aluminous) petrographic associations. U-Pb age determinations, trace element, and Hf and O isotopic compositions were obtained for zircons from six distinct A-type granitic and syenitic plutons from both alkaline and subalkaline associations from the province. Geochronological results indicate that their emplacement, petrogenetic evolution and crystallization spanned over a ~9 million years interval, with peak magmatism at ~580 Ma. Plutons were emplaced in a post-collisional extensional regime related to the geodynamic evolution of the south-southeastern part of the Gondwana supercontinent. Hf isotopic compositions are highly variable, with εHf(t) values between +1.4 to −31, whereas δ18O signatures are mainly between +4.7 and +6.0‰. These features, along with trace element signatures, especially for Hf, U, Nb, and rare-earth elements, suggest that generation of the Graciosa rocks occurred via partial melting of a lithospheric mantle previously metasomatized by slab-derived fluids, followed by variable degrees of crustal contamination at depth. • The magmatic peak of the Graciosa A-type Province was at ~580 Ma. • Emplacement and evolution occurred within a maximum time span of ~9 Ma. • Hf abundances distinguish between zircon from subalkaline and alkaline lithotypes. • Petrogenesis involved both enriched mantle and crustal components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Texture, mineral assemblage, and micro-zone analysis of pyrites are the best indicators to judge the ore-forming process. • Decrease on the degree of fluid-seawater mixing as the temperature gradually increases during the growth of the chimneys. • Mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater is the main Ag precipitation mechanism. The enrichment of precious elements including Au and Ag in submarine hydrothermal sulfide deposits attracts more and more attention. Previous studies indicate that Au and Ag combine distinctly different ligands under the physico-chemical conditions of submarine hydrothermal systems, therefore, the factors controlling their precipitation may be different. In general, silver mineralization has been much less studied than gold mineralization in submarine hydrothermal sulfide deposits. The Ag mineralization process and precipitation mechanism of submarine hydrothermal sulfide deposits formed at Mid-ocean Ridges are still poorly constrained. In this study, we studied the occurrence and precipitation mechanism of Ag in sulfide deposits of Edmond hydrothermal field, located on the intermediate-spreading Central Indian Ridge (CIR). Three ore-forming stages were identified in chimney fragments collected in the Edmond hydrothermal field. The corresponding minerals are (stage I) anhydrite + barite + colloidal/porous pyrite (Py1) + fine-grained sphalerite; (stage II) marcasite; (stage III) euhedral pyrite (Py2) + coarse-grained sphalerite + chalcopyrite + isocubanite. Py1, characterized by colloidal, porous, and micro-sized anhedral morphology, was usually overgrown by marcasite, which is, in turn, surrounded by euhedral-subhedral Py2, usually coexisting with coarse-grained sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and isocubanite. Compared to marcasite and Py2, only Py1 contains abundant native silver nanoparticles. LA-ICP-MS analyses suggest that Py1 contains higher Pb, Cu, Ag, Mn, Tl, Mo, Au, and lower Co as compared to Py2. In-situ LA-ICP-MS and nanoSIMS analyses indicate that Py1 with higher Ag contents (101–586 ppm) has larger variation in sulfur isotopic compositions (0.8 to 6.6‰) than those of Py2 with lower Ag contents (0.22–15.5 ppm; δ34S values: 2.1 to 4.8‰ for Fe-rich samples and 0 to 2.8‰ for Zn-rich samples). Texture, mineral assemblage, pyrite trace element and sulfur isotopic compositions indicate a progressive decrease on the degree of fluid-seawater mixing as the temperature gradually increases during the growth of the chimneys in Edmond hydrothermal field. Phase diagram analysis indicates that the increase in pH and in particular cooling, due to the mixing of the hot hydrothermal fluid with cold seawater, can significantly decrease the solubility of Ag and be the effective mechanisms of silver precipitation. Our results suggest that mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater is the main Ag precipitation mechanism for submarine hydrothermal sulfide deposits formed at Mid-ocean Ridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the analysis of correlation between trace element compositions of caustobioliths (oils, coals, oil and black shales), upper and lower continental crust, and living matter. It was shown that trace element concentrations in coals and oil shales have the better correlation with the upper crustal values, whereas trace elements in oils correlate well with the lower crustal values. The statistically significant, yet poorer correlation was observed for trace element compositions of oils and living matter as compared to correlations between oils and lower crust. The results suggest that oils are compositionally more homogeneous on a basin scale and possibly have more heterogeneous composition in different petroleum basins. A suite of characteristic trace elements (Cs, Rb, K, U, V, Cr, and Ni) that was used for analysis allowed a consistent interpretation of the relative upper and lower crustal contributions to the trace element composition of oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive approach to the determination of the elemental composition of oils (including those with a viscosity of 5000 mm/s) is proposed. It ensures the determination of the most elements present in oils using two versions of sample preparation, autoclave decomposition of oil samples and extraction preconcentration of elements from oil into an aqueous solution on rotating coiled columns (RCCs). The application of RCCs in the elemental analysis of oil ensures the preconcentration of a number of trace elements from oil (including rare-earth elements) and the determination of their concentrations at a level of ng/kg. The preconcentration factor of trace elements from oil using an RCC depends on the volume of oil sample pumped through a constant volume of the stationary phase (acid solution) retained in the column and on the speciation of elements in the oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]